Unreimbursed services provided by the District of Columbia

Reimbursement is not made, however, for many services provided by the District. Examples include crowd control during many of the demonstrations against the Federal Government; police and fire protection for the Federal enclave; issuance of motor vehicle license plates to the Federal Government and members of the diplomatic corps; and litter control during national events centering in the District. As is also the case for services provided by the Federal Government, the close interrelationship between the Federal and District interest makes it difficult to quantify the impact one program has on the other - and subsequently to apportion the costs or benefits of the service. Unreimbursed services that can be clearly identified with the District's role as the Nation's Capital amount to $7 million and are shown in Exhibit 14. This listing of services delivered by over 20 District agencies is not exhaustive, however, since the nature of many services makes it virtually impossible to differentiate benefits accruing solely to the Federal Government from those received by the general public. Examples of services for which even approximate costs of the Federal presence cannot be readily determined include: Police Department Seasonal crime peaks usually occur during the summer and coincide with periods of maximum tourist activity, but it is impossible to calculate the cost to the Department imposed by this additional burden. Similar situations exist in other facets of police operations, and while the cost cannot be accurately determined, it is considered high.

Department of Corrections - The District has a very high incarceration rate compared to its crime rate. It is impossible to determine how much of this is attributable to the District being host to the Federal capital, or to the sentencing practices of judges appointed by the President.

Insurance Department - Staff respond to Federal inquiries and because of their proximity to the Federal Government assist in investigations and studies conducted by various Federal agencies such as the SEC, Justice Department, FTC, GAO, and the State Department.

Public Library - The D.C. Public Library provides many services for Federal agencies and employees. Such services are an integral part of Library operations, however, and cannot be readily related to workload and cost data. Examples follow:

• Federal agencies use meeting and conference room facilities at the Martin Luther King Memorial Library.

• Many divisions of the Library provide Federal agencies with information and materials, for example: the Black Studies Division has provided assistance to a variety of Federal agencies, the

Music Division has supplied orchestra music to various service-related bands, and nearly one third of the Business Division's usage can be credited to the Federal presence.

• Information and material is provided to the special groups that are in Washington because it is the Nation's Capital, including embassies, trade and professional associations, correspondents for national news media, and visitors to the capital. • Approximately 100 agencies of the Federal Government, including bureaus and departments within agencies, have established special borrowers privileges with the Library. Many more non-governmental associations, societies, and institutions which are located in Washington because of the governmental presence are registered for inter-library loan. The Organic Act, which created the Library, stipulates that the Library must extend free borrowing privileges to persons who work in the District, but do not necessarily live in the District. Many of these patrons are employed by the Federal Government.

• The Extension Department of the D.C. Public Library provides materials and support services to patients at a number of Federal health care facilities, some of which are Bethesda Naval Hospital, the National Institute of Health, Saint Elizabeth's Hospital, and Walter Reed General Hospital. This assistance ranges from regular book and cassette deposits to individual talking book services provided to the visually handicapped. The District incurs additional unreimbursed costs because of its status as the Nation's Capital and the extensive Federal interest in the programs and financing of the city. Although certain of these activities may not be considered services to the Federal government, they must be included in an analysis of city expenditures related to the Federal presence.

The District budget, for example, is reviewed and approved by two legislative bodies, the District City Council and the U.S. Congress, which remains the appropriating body for the city. The city's lengthy and complex budgetary process results in additional costs for two complete printings of the detailed budget justifications (first when the Mayor presents his budget recommendations to the Council and again when the city's budget is presented by the President to the Congress). Because the city's budget must be reviewed by the City Council, the President (through the Federal Office of Management and Budget), and the Congress, District government officials and staff spend considerable time throughout the year testifying before the several legislative bodies involved and preparing detailed information in response to inquiries.