labour of convicts. One good plan, which M. Joubert seemed to have, was to give a lease of a bit of ground to individual men, and then to let them cultivate it. He has a Chinaman, a Malabar man, and a Polynesian, in competition; of course the Chinaman does the best. He says that he can't raise such cane as they grow. I saw no large cane. All was in little pipes; but he says that the cane grown on new ground is always large, but with little saccharine matter in it. He considers his cane quite ripe in two years. It may be cut in eighteen months, but will not be so good. The house neater and better than a similar house in Fiji. On arrival, we had a most delicious bathe in the fine rapid stream which runs at the foot of M. Joubert's ground, and is navigable for a considerable distance. He sends his produce down by it to Nouméa. About twelve of us were in the water, English and French. All the Frenchmen swimming as well as the English, and a brother of M. Joubert's going about like an otter, sometimes holding himself down to the bottom by a weed or big

stone.

April 28th.-Drove to "Lans Vata," a sort of bathing place of the Governor's, on a nice little sandy beach. A capital little bungalow, and nice garden. The Governor had come in the forenoon to breakfast with me.

Ball in P.M.; very pleasant and friendly.

April 29th.-Weighed at 6.30, under steam; made sail outside. Head swell.

May 5th.-Head sea, and gale of wind for four days. Close reefs, and reefed courses. Wind headed us away from Brisbane, and on the fifth day I gave it up.

May 6th.-Very variable winds, confused sea; much lightning, thunder.

May 7th.-Sighted the revolving light at Sydney Heads at 6 A.M., and land at daylight. Wind headed off; beat with varying success, till at 3.45 got up steam and came up, getting to our buoy at 6 P.M. (In Farm Cove, Sydney Harbour.)

SYDNEY, Monday, June 15th.-Went all over Mr. Russell's foundry, engine shop, and railway carriage factory; a remarkable establishment for a colony. Mr. Russell pays £1800 a month in wages, and £350 a month in salaries. He cannot get his people to work piece-work. They will only work time, except in the manufacture of small articles for railway carriages; there they find, that on piece-work they can do twenty-five per cent. more than on time. The short-sightedness of such a plan, on the part of the men, is evident, as well as the amount of slavery which there is on the other side. Mr. Russell's place is all on made ground. The new piston of H.M.S. "Dido" was being made here.

CHAPTER IV.

MELBOURNE, LAUNCESTON, TASMANIA.

July 16th, 1874.-Slipped from the buoy under sail at 10 A.M. Got no more than seven miles from land by 5 P.M. Got a fine breeze at 2.30 A.M.

July 18th.-Very fine and delicious weather, though cold. Got well in with the land. The boundary of Victoria is marked by a broad belt of trees cut down through the forest, straight over hill and dale; I hear, like the boundary of the forty-ninth parallel in North America. Rounded Gabo Island, and kept sight of the light for twenty-one miles,

July 21st.-Saw Cape Schank light at Hobson's Bay (Melbourne) at 6.30 P.M. glass look out for S.E. wind.

:

1.30 A.M. Anchored in Memo. With very high

July 22nd.-Came to the Treasury, and saw the Governor, Sir George Bowen, at noon. In P.M. to the Library, Museum, New Government House, Botanic Gardens.

July 23rd.-To Williamstown, and to see the Docks. Birthday ball in the Town Hall. How is it, that at Ballarat they pay for working quartz by the ton, and that at Melbourne the workmen won't work piece-work at all?

July 25th.-A splendid run with the hounds. Drove out with His Excellency in a carriage and four, to the meet, through a beautiful English-looking and thoroughly cleared country, to a house called Ivanhoe, near the village of Heidelberg. At 2.30 we began, and had before us a gentle slope of 300 yards, a first-class fence at fifty yards from us, and another at 100 yards beyond that; the drag then crossed the road at two more fences, and on

through some hollows, and later through larger paddocks, and fences further apart; about nine miles, and finished at Penbridge, near the prison. I rode home with Mr. Russell, talking about the country, politics, &c., and inclined to like everything. It is a marvellous country. Perhaps I have begun at the wrong end, seeing the amusements first, but it is interesting to see how thoroughly it has taken hold, and how well the young fellows ride. We came back through Collingwood, through a country of big paddocks, perfectly cleared, and kept for dairy and butcher's grazing. The churches abound there, and everywhere. The blue stone is dull and solemn, but where the windows, &c., have free stone facings, they may be made lighter. Even red brick com-. bines well with the blue stone, which I see lies all about the country, and is not only volcanic but columnar in its structurethe columns, like everything else, being of a large diameter. At Collingwood, as in other suburbs, there was the Free Public Library, reserves for cricket grounds or parks, and a Mechanics' Institute. In one reserved ground, a couple of hundred boys and men were playing or looking on at a game of football; and as a great shout and cheer went up from them at a goal being kicked, I couldn't help cheering too in my delight at the whole spectacle, of a British people, free, prosperous, orderly, and rich, and making such an use of their wealth as it is evident they are doing. Mr. Russell was amazed at my enthusiasm, but I think I have gloried in my countrymen, and in the application of liberal principles to their political and social condition and wants, and in their fitness for freedom, more to-day than I ever have in my life. How I wish Mr. G. could come here, if only for a week. How it would strengthen every liberal conviction, and how proud and happy it would make him.

July 28th.-Went to see the coursing at Sunbury. A lovely day.

July 29th.-Dined at the Club. I spoke of the connection of the colonies with the navy; called the early naval men heroes, and said, "I. who should not, speak of these things, because I want

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you to do your part in producing heroic qualities in the naval service -to expect them-to look for them—and by looking for them to evoke them." Darwin-like.

July 30th.-Luncheon given by the Mayor in the Town Hall; the great organ very well played by Mr. Summers, of Wells. It is a beautiful hall.

Baron von Müller, the botanist, tells me that Robert Brown, the naturalist, of Flinders' Expedition, named a family of Australian plants after my grandfather-who had traced the connection between a family of plants in England and in DenmarkGoodenia, Goodenacia, and Goodenovia, which now amount to a considerable number.

July 31st.-Received the Governor with salute.

August 1st.-Steamed out of Hobson's Bay, and made sail to beat down. The wind variable. Anchored at 10 P.M. in the lower part of the bay.

August 2nd.-Weighed at 6 A.M., and stood down under sail. Wind light and baffling, and had to get steam at 9 A.M., and furl. Got to the entrance of Port Phillip Heads at 2.30, and was kept exactly an hour steaming thirty-five revolutions, and with a light breeze, to which sail was made, without advancing one inch. I judge the tide to have been running, therefore, 6.2 to 6.5 knots. The eddies boiling on all sides, and the engines now working in a current, now in an eddy, alternately running away, and brought up in speed. Altogether most singular. At last, at 3.30, she took a start, and away she went over the falls, as one may call them, for the water tumbles over a regular bridge into a deep hole inside.

August 4th.-Calm; determined to put into Port Dalrymple (Tasmania) and there drop my mail for England.

August 5th.-Saw the land at daylight, and made out the lighthouse at 8.30 A.M.; made sail; picked up a jolly gruff old pilot at 10.30 A.M., who came up. "Well! will you take us up? How high will you take us?" He: "What's your tonnage ?" 1469." "What d'ye draw ?" "19 ft. 10 in." "Haul up the courses!