Animal Folk-Lore in Modern Palestine, PEFSt 265. Hanauer. J. E. Arabian Nights, Birds of Paradise, IR ii. 379, 561. A. R. Wallace. Arabic in Roman Type, ET xv. 564. J. B. Ansted. Arabic Literature of the Jews, JQR xvi. 408. H. Hirschfeld. Arabs, Modern Religion, E ix. 275. S. I. Curtiss. Archæology, Recent Biblical and Oriental, ET xv. 75, 184, 231, 280, 369, 405, 514, 555. Architecture in Proto-Historic Age, AA xxvi. 89. S. D. Peet. Ari, ET xv. 515. M. A. Power. Aristotle's Doctrine of the Mean, H 110. G. A. Exham. W. H. Kent. and Religion, HR xlviii. 416. E. Markham. Religion and Emotions, AJT viii. 636. R. M. Binder. Ascents, Songs of the, ET xv. 39. D. Smith. Ass Worship, CS vi. 76. W. O. E. Oesterley. Atonement, HJ ii. 461, O. Lodge; ii. 649, E. S. Talbot iii. 26-37, J. H. Muirhead; BS lxi. 272, F. H. Foster; AJT viii. 779, P. S. Moxom; E ix. 47, A. S. Peake; ix. 147, J. Denney; ET xv. 147, 195. Atonement, Considered as Forgiveness, ET xv. 26. E. P. Boys-Smith. in Christ, ET xv. 540. W. T. A. Barber. Attis, Cult of, ET xv. 306. T. M. Lindsay. T. S. Holmes. C. H. Oliphant. E. N. Adler. L. C. Casartelli. BAALBEC, PEFSt. 58. R. P. Spiers. Babism, HR xlviii. 259. F. F. Ellinwood. Babylon and Israel, ET xv. 290. by Affusion, JTS v. 579, C. Bigg; vi. 107, C. F. Rogers. Early Christian, PTR ii. 531. B. B. Warfield. Institution of, ET xv. 294. G. M. Bevan. Bartholomew, LW xxvi. 158. W. R. Henderson. Etymology, JTS vi. 110. N. Herz. Baskets, PEFSt 135. P. G. Baldensperger. Beatitudes, BW xxiii. 180. H. C. King. Behaism, OC xviii. 355, 374, 398. P. Carus. Behemoth, ET xv. 429. G. Henslow. Belief in St. John's Gospel, WMM cxxvii. 349. Osborn. G. R. Belief, Lost, HJ ii. 553. W. J. Brown; ii. 807. M. N. Biblia, First English Example, ET xv, 565. Eb. Nestle. Bishops of St. Andrews, JTS v. 253, 462. J. Dowden. Bodies, the Two, BS lxi. 563. W. D. Goddard. Body, Metaphors in Isaiah and N.T., JBL xxiii. 118. B. W. Robinson. E. M. Merrins. Born of Water and Spirit, ET xv. 413. J. Reid. Byzantine Architecture in Greece, CQR lviii. 294. Chastity, Evolution of, BS lxi. 80. H. A. Stimson. Cheyne's Psalms, CQR lix. 219 ff.; AJT viii. 767. J. P. Chinese Religions, CMI lv. 481, 651, 725. A. E. Moule. Christ, and the Church, ET xv. 340. Gospels, AJT viii. 596. G. H. Gilbert. H. R. Mackintosh. Example, PM xv. 537. A. E. Balch. Historical Character, E x. 401. D. S. Margoliouth; ET xv. 292. Imitation, BW xxiv. 248. Injunctions of Silence, ET xv. 388. in the Thought of To-day, BRE i. 283. J. Orr. King, LW xxvi. 133, 154, 181, 205. R. Flint. Life in St. Mark, E ix. 201, 301; x. 18, 302. W. H. Metaphors, JBL xxiii. 106. B. W. Robinson. Person in N.T., AJT viii. 452. W. H. Walker. Prophetic Activity, BW xxiv. 94. E. B. Pollard. Rule, LQR xii. III. P. T. Forsyth. Severity, UFCM Oct. 17. G. H. Morrison. Social Teaching, HR xlvii. 330, F. G. Peabody; Teaching on Family, BS lxi. 1. C. F. Thwing. Union with Human Race, ET xv. 383. H. H. Virgin-Birth, ET xv. 331. W. Webster. Words, Psychological Study, BS lxi. 102. J. A. Christianity, Vindication, AJT viii. 320. S. F. MacLennan. Church Organization (Early), AJT viii. 799. A. V. G. Ritschl's Theory, LQR xi. 209. H. R. Mackintosh. and Ideals, Treasury (N.Y.) xxii. 205. T. Civilization in East and West, IR ii. 348. A. M. Latter. A. E. Garvie. J. Chapman. Concordat of 1801, DR cxxxiv. 127. D. M. O'Connor. for Classical Students, Cl. R xviii. 277. E. Lyttelton. in St. Mark, JTS v. 628. F. C. Burkitt. Domestic Affection in Saints, DR cxxxv. 296. J. Freeland. Dwarfs and Pigmies, LQR xii. 139. D. G. Whitley. EASTERN Christendom, AJT viii. 92. E. K. Mitchell. Ecclesiastes, Literary Associations, E x. 388, 432. J. Edification in Worship, PTR ii. 402. H. M. Scott. Religious, BW xxiii. 149, 194, 200, 243, 298, Edwards (Jonathan), Treasury (N.Y.) xxii. 517, C. J. Egypt, Arab Conquest, DR cxxxiv. 94. W. H. Kent. Book of the Dead, JTS vi. 53, G. St. Clair; PSBA Eleusinian Mysteries, HJ ii. 398. L. R. Farnell. England, Religious Forecast, AJT viii. 625. A. T. Innes. Eschatology, BS lxi. 517. F. H. Foster. Ethics of Christian Missions, CMI lv. 753. G. B. Blenkin. Recent Literature, AJT viii. 395. and Knowledge, IR iv. 274. G. L. Dickinson. Falashas, JQR xvii. 142. C. Singer. Fall, Modern Theory, JTS v. 481. A. J. Mason. Christ's Teaching, BS lxi. 1. C. F. Thwing. Fatherhood of God, PMQR xxvi. 134. A. A. Birchenough. Feelings in Religion, AJRPE i. 168. E. D. Starbuck. Fiscal Question, Moral Aspect, HJ ii. 433. H. Jones. of Barnabas, LW xxvi. 116. J. W. Youngson. Recent Criticism, AJT viii. 123, A. Menzies ; Witness, PTR ii. 32. W. P. Armstrong. Grail (Holy), OC xviii. 129. W. F. Johnson. Greek Religion, HJ ii. 821, L. R. Farnell; Cl.R xviii. 465, Herod, Death, BS lxi. 548. E. M. Merrins. High Church Absolutism, HJ ii. 217. H. C. Corrance. in Relation to Buddhism, BM 377. J. Ferguson. Hittite Inscriptions, PSBA xxv. 305, 347. A. H. Sayce. Holy Spirit for Witnessing, BRE i. 321. J. B. Anderson. Homiletic Use of the Bible, BW xxiii. 422. E. C. Moore. Hosea, BW xxiv. 412. W. R. Harper. Houses in Syria, PEFSt 258, 360. P. G. Baldensperger. Humour in the Pulpit, HR xlvii. 97. H. Pattison. W. G. Horder. W. L. Watkinson. A. Gardner. ICONOCLASTIC Controversy, HJ ii. 360. Idealisms, Two, HJ ii. 703. W. R. Sorley. W. E. Hezell; AJT viii. 139, S. D. M'Connell. Infinite. PTR ii. 592. W. H. Hodge. Infinity an Axiom, HJ ii. 532, C. J. Keyser; ii. 809, Inge's Faith and Knowledge, CQR lix. 232 ff. Process, BST i. 13. J. P. Sheraton. Jewish Literature, JQR xvi. 300. W. Bacher, A. Wolf, of the Middle Ages, JQR xvi. 373, 734; xvii. 148. M. Steinschneider. Persian Literature, JQR xvi. 525. W. Bacher. Sects, JQR xvi. 765. S. Poznanski. Jews and English Law, JQR xvi. 330, 623. H. S. Q. Hen- in India, CS vi. 13, 55, 117. J. H. Lord. Spain, JQR xvi. 702. R. J. H. Gottheil. Job, AJT viii. 66. E. König. Johannine Problem, HJ ii. 333. B. W. Bacon. ii. and iii. Epistles, JTS v. 357, 517. J. Chapman. Judaism in N.T. Times, PTR ii. 159, G. Vos; AJT viii. LABOUR Colonies, BF xiii. 273. P. Alden. Problems, BS lxi. 345. C. W. Eliot. AJT viii. 536, E. J. Goodspeed. Latin Christian Poetry, JTS v. 413. A. J. Mason. Levi (Eliphas), OC xviii. 145. H. R. Evans. Life and Energy, DR cxxxiv. 52. J. B. M‘Laughlin ; of the Spirit, BF xiii. 5, 35, 64, 91, 121, 147, 187. in James, Peter, and John, BW xxiii. 16. H. M. Haydn. P. Gardner; CQR lviii. Gardner; IR iii. 539, Love in Spinoza, PM xv. 393. J. Lindsay. Recent Biblical and Oriental Archaeology. BY PROFESSOR J. V. PRÁŠEK, PH.D., PRAGUE. Professor Hommel and Modern Biblical Criticism. UNDER the title Grundriss der Geographie und Iranians. I am sorry that on this point I am unable to follow my old friend, because I can discover no valid reasons for holding that the Iranians were even before the Amarna period in possession of Syria and Palestine, and that the Amorites as well as the alleged Hittites of Judæa are to be reckoned as belonging to them. I am all the less able to assent to Professor Hommel's theory, as there are weighty reasons of an archæological and ethnological nature that forbid us prior to the middle of the second millennium B.C. to differentiate this Indo-European group composed of IndoAryans and Balto-Slavs. With reference to the so-called S. Palestinian Hittites-still the focus of the discussion-I cannot help saying that the identity of the Benê Heth and the Hittim, contended for also by Professor Sayce, appears to me impossible; and this all the more, seeing that Professor Hommel himself admits in his recently published work that in the Hittite inscriptions as yet discovered Hamath is the southern boundary. I might also adduce ethnological objections to the identity in question. The Benê Heth of Genesis are contemporary with Abraham, i.e. with the reign. of Hammurabi (Amraphel), who founded the kingdom of Babylon ± 2250 B.C. It is true that there are some traces of the presence of the Benê Ḥeth also during the earlier monarchical period in Israel, but there is no sufficient evidence of their existence in Palestine during the height of the power of the Hittite Empire c. 1350 B.C., when the sharp boundary to the south was formed by the parallel of the Nahr el-Kelb. The mention of the Hittites In the opinion of Professor Hommel-an opinion reached as the result of long years of reflexion and close study of all the data-there were four families of peoples who were the makers of Ancient Eastern history till the latter was brought to a close by the conquests of Alexander the Great. These are the Semites, with whom ethnologically must be reckoned the Egyptians (whose language shows a very close affinity with Berber dialects); the so-called Alarodians, for whom Professor Hommel claims not only the peoples surrounding the Semites in a great curve from Elam to Western Asia Minor, but also the Etruscans in Italy; the Berbers of N. Africa and S. W. Europe; and the Iranians, to whom he assigns a larger place than has hitherto been usual. As far as Palestine and the neigh-in catalogues of the Canaanite tribes subdued by bouring countries are concerned, the forefront is occupied by the Semites. But as the latter, according to their own tradition, migrated there at the dawn of the historical period, it is a natural conclusion that their predecessors are to be viewed as non-Semites. Some of the older investigators held the aborigines of Palestine to have been Hamites -far too vague a term, whose inappropriateness is now universally recognized. A different course is followed by Professor Hommel, who seeks to solve the problem of the racial connexion of the original inhabitants of Palestine by calling in the the Israelites is historically worthless, for these are plainly later redactory insertions, which cannot maintain themselves alongside of the archaic diction of the genuine passages. And now, after this introduction which I have found necessary, I come to speak of Professor Hommel's standpoint with reference to the question of Pentateuchal criticism. It might have been well if he had put forward his ideas and suggestions in this matter in a separate work, for, without assuming an attitude of approval or disapproval towards them, it must be confessed that they are |