DRAWING, CONSTRUCTIVE WORK, AND SHOP WORK

Freehand representation of objects; memory or imaginative drawings; simple composition. Construction drawing; constructive design. Ornament; decorative design and its application. Color. Study of pictures and other works of art.

SHOP WORK (Boys).—Nature and application of mortise and dovetail joint. Characteristics of common woods. The construction of useful articles from individual plans. Application of appropriate decorations. Communal exercises related to interests of school.

Or, in schools in which shops are not provided, constructive work from patterns, working drawings, or designs.

SEWING*

Drafting and making garments; applied design.

COOKING*

The preparation of simple breakfasts, luncheons and dinners. Comparative values of foods. Dietaries. Nursing. Marketing. Laundering. Removal of stains. Home sanitation.

MUSIC

Study and writing of triads on the second, third and sixth degrees, and of the dominant chord of the seventh with its resolution; choral singing.

* NOTE-Advanced Sewing will be pursued by girls in schools not provided with kitchens.

TIME SCHEDULE ON THE BASIS OF 1500 MINUTES PER WEEK.

ADOPTED BY THE BOARD OF SUPERINTENDENTS IN JUNE, 1903.

NOTE. Both boys and girls are to take the work outlined under Sewing and Constructive Work in the first three years.

The figures in parentheses in the seventh and eighth years represent the number of forty-minute periods per week.

SYLLABUSES

Adopted by The Board of Superintendents in June, 1903

NATURE STUDY AND ELEMENTARY SCIENCE

INTRODUCTORY NOTE

The aim of nature study, particularly in the lower grades, is to cultivate a systematic acquaintance with nature and to develop the power of observation. To this end, the children should be brought into actual contact with the object of study whenever possible, either in or out of the classroom. The power gained by learning facts through actual observation or experiment will enable the pupils later on to picture to themselves facts which it will be feasible to make known to them only by description.

In all grades, pupils should be called upon to find resemblances and differences in the objects of study; nothing should be told by the teacher that can be found out by the pupils.

Emphasis should be placed at all times on plants and animals as living things. The phenomena of life in the world about the pupils should be made prominent. The presence in the schoolroom of birds in cages, insects in terraria, fish in aquaria, plants in boxes and pots, will not only place at the disposal of teachers facilities for properly giving instruction, but will arouse a deep interest on the part of children. Wherever possible, school gardens, however small, should be maintained, and pupils should be encouraged to plant trees, flowers, and vegetables in their own gardens and yards.

For the study of butterflies and moths, cocoons and chrysalides should be gathered in the fall and winter, and kept until the following spring, when the emergence and the eggs may be studied. The fall is a good time for the observation of caterpillars.

The presentation of the topics in elementary science in the seventh and eighth years should as far as possible be accompanied with illustrative experiments.

It should be clearly understood that no class is expected to study all of the topics in nature study that are suggested in the syllabus. The pupils may be taught to recognize and name all of the objects under each caption, but only comparatively few topics should be selected for systematic observation and study. In selecting the topic of study, it is suggested that teachers choose those objects which are near at hand-the common rather than the rare.

Classroom work should be supplemented by visits to the parks and museums, and by the use of pictures and lantern slides. Stories, fables, songs, and appropriate literature should be read and studied.

NATURE STUDY-SYLLABUS

GRADE 1A

FALL TERM

FOUR-FOOTED ANIMALS: Cat, mouse, rabbit. Recognition and name; obobservation of their characteristic movements and action; their color; parts; covering; food; uses; care of young.

Lessons on kindness to animals.

BIRDS: Canary, pigeon, English sparrow, duck. Recognition and name; color; parts; covering; food and feeding habits; movements; song or call. Children should be encouraged to feed birds and to relate in class their experi

ences.

FLOWERING PLANTS: Golden-rod, aster, burdock, geranium, chrysanthemum. Recognition and name; whole plant; parts of plant (roots, stem, leaves); color; odor.

FRUITS: Apple, pear, peach, plum, chestnut, peanut, acorn. Color; odor; taste; parts; uses.

VEGETABLES: Potato, onion, carrot, turnip, sweet potato, pumpkin, corn. Color; parts; uses.

SPRING TERM

FOUR-FOOTED ANIMALS: Dog, squirrel, monkey. Recognition and name; observation of their characteristic movements and action; their color; parts; covering; food; uses; care of young.

Lessons on kindness to animals.

BIRDS: Chicken, parrot, goose. Recognition and name; color; parts; covering; food and feeding habits; movements; sounds or call. Children should be encouraged to feed birds and to relate in class their experiences.

SEEDS AND SEEDLINGS: Bean, pea, corn. Seeds; sprouting of seeds observed; the different ways in which the seedlings come out of the ground; parts of plant-roots, stem, leaves. Need of water should be shown by allowing plants to wilt, then supplying water. Pupils should be encouraged to raise plants from seeds at home; for example, dwarf nasturtium, bean, pea, corn.

OPENING OF BUDS: Horse-chestnut; beech; hickory; tulip tree; lilac. Color; protection of buds; unfolding of leaves.

FLOWERING PLANTS: Willow, flowering dogwood, alder, dandelion, violet, daisy, clover, hepatica, marsh marigold, arbutus, hyacinth, tulip, pansy, Easter lily, narcissus, apple, cherry, peach, strawberry. Recognition and name of flowers; color; odor.

A list of flowers studied should be kept in sight of pupils, with date of first appearance in classroom. A love for flowers should be cultivated. The importance of the preservation of wild flowers should be emphasized.

GRADE 1B

FALL TERM

FOUR-FOOTED ANIMALS: Cat, mouse, rabbit. Recognition and name; observation of their characteristic movements and actions; their color; parts; covering; food; uses; care of young.

Lessons on kindness to animals.

BIRDS: Canary, pigeon, English sparrow, duck. Recognition and name; color; parts; covering; food and feeding habits; movements; song or call. Children should be encouraged to feed birds and to relate their experiences. FLOWERING PLANTS: Golden-rod, aster, burdock, geranium, chrysanthemum. Recognition and name; whole plant; parts of plant (roots, stem, leaves); color; odor.

FRUITS: Apple, pear, peach, plum, chestnut, peanut, acorn. Color; odor; taste; parts; uses.

VEGETABLES: Potato, onion, carrot, turnip, sweet potato, pumpkin, corn. Color; parts; uses.

NATURAL PHENOMENA. Daily observation of the weather recorded in class calendar.

SPRING TERM

FOUR-FOOTED ANIMALS: Dog, squirrel, monkey. Recognition and name; observation of their characteristic movements and action; their color; parts; covering; food; uses; care of young.

Lessons on kindness to animals.

BIRDS: Chicken, parrot, goose. Recognition and name; color; parts; covering; food and feeding habits; movements; sounds or call. Children should be encouraged to feed birds and to relate in class their experiences.

SEEDS AND SEEDLINGS: Bean, pea, corn. Seeds; sprouting of seeds observed; the different ways in which the seedlings come out of the ground; parts of plants-roots, stem, leaves. The need of water should be shown by allowing plants to wilt, then supplying water. Pupils should be encouraged to raise plants from seeds at home; for example, dwarf nasturtium, bean, pea, corn.

OPENING OF BUDS: Horse-chestnut; beech; hickory; tulip tree; lilac. Color; protection of buds; unfolding of leaves.

FLOWERING PLANTS: Willow, flowering dogwood, alder, dandelion, violet; daisy, clover, hepatica, marsh marigold, arbutus, hyacinth, tulip, pansy, Easter lily, narcissus, apple, cherry, peach, strawberry. Recognition and name of flowers; color; odor.

A list of flowers studied should be kept in sight of pupils, with date of first appearance in classroom. A love for flowers should be cultivated. The importance of preservation of wild flowers should be emphasized.

NATURAL PHENOMENA. Daily observation of the weather recorded in class calendar.