ON THE SENSES, INSTINCTS, AND INTELLIGENCE OF ANIMALS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO INSECTS BY SIR JOHN LUBBOCK,/BART. M.P., F.R.S., D.C.L., LL.D. PRINCIPAL OF THE LONDON WORKING MEN'S COLLEGE WITH OVER ONE HUNDRED ILLUSTRATIONS SECOND EDITION LONDON KEGAN PAUL, TRENCH & CO., 1, PATERNOSTER SQUARE 1889 PREFACE. In the present volume I have collected together some of my recent observations on the senses and intelligence of animals, and especially of insects. While attempting to understand the manners and customs, habits and behaviour, of animals, as well as for the purpose of devising test experiments, I have found it necessary to make myself acquainted as far as possible with the mechanism of the senses, and the organs by means of which sensations are transmitted. With this object I had to look up a great number of memoirs, in various languages, and scattered through many different periodicals; and it seemed to me that it might be interesting, and save others some of the labour I had to undergo myself, if I were to bring together the notes I had made, and give a list of the principal memoirs consulted. I have accordingly attempted to give, very briefly, some idea of the organs of sense, commencing in each case with those of man himself. Mr. John Evans, Dr. M. Foster, and my brother, Dr. Lubbock, have been so kind as to read through the proofs, and I have to thank them for many valuable suggestions. Lord Rayleigh also has been so good as to look at the chapters on Hearing. HIGH ELMS, Down, Kent. CONTENTS. Introductory remarks-Difficulty of the subject-The life of a The sense of taste-Taste-organs of man-Mammalia-Birds- Reptiles-Taste-organs of the lower animals-Crustacea- Insects-Sense of taste in insects-Organs of taste in -- The sense of smell-Protozoa and Colenterata-Worms-Mollusca -Insects-Seat of the sense of smell--Different theories as to the seat of the sense of smell in Insects-Experiments with Dinetus - Hydaticus - Silpha-Stag-beetle — Ants— Seat of the sense of smell partly in the palpi, partly in antennæ-Organs of smell-Leydig's olfactory cones- Organs of smell in Crustacea-Centipedes-Olfactory cones in insects-Olfactory hairs-Olfactory pits-Ol- factory organs of fly-Antenna of Ichneumon-Olfactory 22 |