opment, protection, administration, and utilization of the public lands resources under his control, distinguishing it from:

The term "public lands highways” means main highways through unappropriated or unreserved public lands, nontaxable Indian land, or other Federal reservations.

Now, in the report on the bill 2 years ago, as to public lands development roads and trails, the last paragraph on page 8, commented as follows:

Inclusion of road needs of the Bureau of Land Management within this highway legislation will provide needed support for the public land resource program in so far as roads are concerned and will afford a basis for timely and orderly development of these roads.

In that legislation, we appropriated $2 million for 1964 and $4 million for 1965.

Now, the recommendation that you gentlemen are making is for $2 million for each of fiscal years 1966 and 1967, a cutback of 50 percent from the amount authorized for fiscal year 1965. Is that consistent with "the timely and orderly development of these roads?"

Mr. ZUMWALT. Yes, sir, it is at the present time, in our program development.

Mr. CRAMER. In other words, you can go forward with a timely and orderly development of the roads, even with a 50 percent cutback?

Mr. ZUMWALT. Under the limitations of our other program accomplishments, we feel that this would meet the need so far as the roads go, which are for the purpose of the management of the resources themselves.

Mr. CRAMER. Than why did you need $4 million? Why did you ask for $4 million authorization for 1965?

Mr. ZUMWALT. The public land resource management program is developing gradually. We cannot put into good management all the lands at once, so that gradually we need more money for roads, which would come in this orderly development.

Mr. CRAMER. Well, I do not know whether that is responsive to my question or not.

For the first year of authorization, there was requested $2 million, and this is a new program. The second year authorization-for 1965, there was requested $4 million "for the timely and orderly development of these roads."

I would like to know why, after you requested $4 million for 1965, you are now requesting a 50 percent cutback for 1966 and 1967.

Mr. ZUMWALT. I was a little confused by the years, there.

I can readily see your question. The 1966 and 1967 requests are in keeping with the President's budget.

Mr. CRAMER. That is right. In other words, this is one of the cutbacks proposed in the President's budget.

Mr. ZUMWALT. Yes, sir.

Mr. CRAMER. All right. Because there has been a lot of interest expressed in how the cutback came about, and I think when we get down to specifics, we can understand how it came about.

Now, what was the recommendation of your department to the Bureau of the Budget relative to this item? How much did you recommend in order to accomplish the "timely and orderly development?" Mr. ZUMWALT. Our recommendation to the Bureau of the Budget, sir, was $8 million and $14 million for 1966 and 1967, respectively.

Mr. CRAMER. That is about what I would contemplate. That is the usual history of the new programs.

You wanted to double it this year, or for fiscal 1966, and you wanted to quadruple it-to how many million?

Mr. ZUMWALT. $14 million for 1967, sir.

Mr. CRAMER. Or nearly quadruple it for 1967.

So that the point I was getting at was your acceptance now apparently of $2 million is based on the Bureau of the Budget request, and the cutback orders of the President, and not on the basis of whether more money is needed to do the job as suggested in the report when this new program was set up 2 years ago.

Mr. ZUMWALT. That is correct, sir.

Mr. CRAMER. So this in effect is $2 million in 1965 and 1966, and $2 million in 1967, a total of $4 million, as compared with your request of $8 million, plus $14 million, or $22 million. So here is a cut amounting to $18 million over the 2-year period. Is that correct?

Mr. ZUMWALT. Based upon what we asked the Bureau of the Budget. Mr. CRAMER. Is it your testimony now that you can conform to the objectives of the Congress as set out in the 1962 act of the timely and orderly development of these roads with $2 million per year?

Mr. ZUMWALT. Well, sir, we can gage our activities in an orderly fashion to the amount of funds available. There is always more work than can be done.

For example, under the accelerated public works program, we constructed some additional roads, which were very helpful, which came,

you see, as an extra amount of

money.

And we can always, of course, use more money in the resource management of the public lands, but we can gage it in an orderly fashion, depending upon what funds become available,

Mr. CRAMER. That is very interesting. In other words, if accelerated public works additional authorizations were passed, you would expect to get additional money out of that. Is that right? Pick up some of the slack?

Mr. ZUMWALT. Those are helpful, and it also put a lot of people to work and achieved, I believe, the purpose for which it was set up. Mr. CRAMER. That is all, Mr. Chairman.

Mr. FALLON. Thank you very much, Mr. Zumwalt.

Mr. ZUMWALT. Thank you, Mr. Chairman.

Mr. FALLON. Mr. Holmes, on behalf of the committee, I want to thank you for appearing here this morning. You may go right ahead.

STATEMENT OF GRAHAM E. HOLMES, ASSISTANT COMMISSIONER FOR LEGISLATION, BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS

Mr. HOLMES. No, sir. Our testimony will follow very closely the report that has been submitted by the Secretary of the Interior and we will be available, of course, for questions or for any assistance the committee might desire.

We are primarily interested in the section on Indian affairs. We are from the Bureau of Indian Affairs.

Of the pending bills, we would prefer 10055. In 10055, there is an authorization for $18 million for the years 1966 and 1967. At least

one of the other bills has a $16 million-$18 million authorization in it. We prefer the $18-$18 million.

This is not an increase in our present program. We had $18 million for the year 1965. We had an $18 million authorization.

Our program, as the commitee probably knows, is in the Indian country, and historically the Bureau of Indian Affairs has provided the road system for the Indian reservations. We also provide the schools, the law and order, and perform other governmental functions for Indians that are performed by other governmental agencies off the Indian reservations.

The last 2 or 3 years, we have provided an intensive program in reservation development; that is, bringing industry and jobs that will raise the economic standards of the Indians in the Indian country. Also, as you know, we have increased our school system, and we have also encouraged Indian children going to the public school and in many cases have transferred our children to the public school systems. This ordinarily encourages improvement in the roads, because school buses are very often required.

So all in all, we feel that the $18 million which will carry on the program in approximately the same manner in which we are now carrying it will provide the development that is badly needed in the Indian country.

If the committee has any questions, we would be very happy to try to answer them.

Mr. FALLON. Mr. Holmes, this $18 million each year for the 2 years is that money all spent on highway construction and bridges? Mr. HOLMES. Yes, sir.

Mr. FALLON. None of it is used for any other purpose?

Mr. HOLMES. No, sir; it is all road money.

Mr. FALLON. So you are asking that you be increased $2 million above the amount that was in the 1962 act?

Mr. HOLMES. The 1962 act had $16 million for the year 1964 and $18 million for the year 1965. We are asking that the $18 million be continued for the next 2 years.

Mr. FALLON. Any questions?

Mr. BALDWIN. Mr. Chairman, I have a comment, at least.

Mr. Holmes, I am very sympathetic with this request, because I have spent considerable time on various occasions going back to California on the Navajo Indian Reservation, and there is a big difference between this kind of road system and something like these public lands highways.

There is nobody living, as a whole, on these public lands, just people that want to get across them, but in the case of the Indians, they are living within the reservation, and this is their means of economic livelihood and their means of getting wherever they live, their schools, their place of work, or whatever it might be.

And so it seems to me that there would be considerable merit in the committee considering favorably your request that we be permitted to continue this at the level which was established for the fiscal year 1965. I think it would be of benefit to many Indian areas, and I notice in those areas that their road systems are quite limited at the present time.

Mr. HOLMES. There is nothing that develops an area or helps to develop it, or the people living there, like a good transportation or communication or road system. This has been brought out very dramatically in the Navajo Reservation that you spoke of.

This program we think is absolutely necessary, if we are going to develop these areas at all.

Mr. FALLON. Thank you again, Mr. Holmes, for appearing here this morning.

Mr. FALLON. Mr. Stratton?

Mr. Stratton, on behalf of the committee, I would like to welcome you here this morning. I appreciate your taking time to come before the committee.

So if you have a statement to make, you go right ahead.

STATEMENT OF A. CLARK STRATTON, ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR, NATIONAL PARK SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

Mr. STRATTON. Thank you, Mr. Chairman.

We are very appreciative of the opportunity to come up and appear before you.

We have a prepared statement, which, with your permission, sir, I would like to make a part of the record, and in the interest of time, I will make just a few oral remarks in regard to it.

Mr. FALLON. Go right ahead, Mr. Stratton.

(Statement referred to follows:)

STATEMENT OF A. CLARK STRATTON, ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR, NATIONAL PARK SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

Mr. Chairman, I am Clark Stratton, Associate Director of the National Park Service. The Department's report on this legislation sets forth the general purposes of H.R. 10055, and in my statement I shall treat in more detail the effect of the bill on the National Park Service.

As of January 1, 1964, the National Park Service was administering 201 individual national parks, monuments, recreation areas, parkways, and areas in other miscellaneous classifications. These areas include about 26 million acres of federally owned lands, and during the travel year ending December 31, 1963, visitors totalled 94,093,000, not including those in the District of Columbia.

ROADS AND TRAILS

The 192 parks and other areas, excluding the 9 parkways, contain about 7,227 miles of roads and about 8,838 miles of trails. It is the policy of the Service to construct roads to what are considered to be representative or fair assortments of interesting and distinguishing park features, or to other points of public interest, such as beaches in recreational areas. The roads are supplemented by trail systems for hikers who wish to get away from the more densely populated areas and see some of the wilderness or other scenic, scientific, or historic features of interest.

The Service does not plan for extensive additions to the roads systems in the older parks. In the newly established or authorized parks and other areas, it will be necessary to construct main circulatory roads and trail systems for both visitor use and for administration and protection purposes, such as utility roads and truck trails required for forest protection, ranger patrol, etc.

Unusually good progress has been made on constructing and improving the roads and trails systems since the beginning of the Mission 66 program starting with the 1957 fiscal year. An estimated $23 million will be needed to carry out the roads and trails construction contemplated for 1966, the last year of the Mission 66 program, and a like amount is recommended for the 1967 fiscal year.

This is the minimum amount considered necessary for construction and reconstruction in the older parks and to build new roads and trails in the 27 park areas authorized for establishment or established since the beginning of the Mission 66 program.

PARKWAYS

An authorization of $11 million is recommended to permit continuation of parkways construction for each of the 1966 and 1967 fiscal years. It is estimated that about $123,500,000 will be required to complete the nine authorized parkways beginning with the 1966 fiscal year. The nine parkways include the Blue Ridge in North Carolina and Virginia; Colonial in Virginia; George Washington Memorial in Maryland and Virginia; the Natchez Trace in Alabama, Mississippi, and Tennessee; Foothills in Tennessee; Rock Creek and Potomac in the District of Columbia; Palisades in the District of Columbia; and the Suitland and Baltimore-Washington Parkways in Maryland.

Excellent progress has been made also on parkways construction and reconstruction during the past 8 years. When completed, the parkways will have a combined length of 1,103 miles, of which about 734 were completed as of June 30, 1963, about 131 were started or financed, and about 238 remained to be started.

The $11 million recommended for authorization for the 1966 and 1967 fiscal years is the minimum with which a reasonable rate of progress can be made. This amount would not be sufficient were it not for the fact that the Blue Ridge Parkway is nearly completed; also, no further construction is planned for the Baltimore-Washington, Suitland, Colonial, and Rock Creek and Potomac beyond that already financed except that needed to keep pace with changing traffic conditions. During recent years, rights-of-way have not been donated to the Federal Government at a rate which would permit a more rapid rate of construction.

Mr. STRATTON. The National Park Service administers some 201 individual national parks, monuments, recreation areas, and parkways. These involve about 26 million acres of federally owned land.

Last year, there were in excess of 94 million visitors to the areas of the national park system.

As the committee knows, our authorizations are broken into roads and trails and into parkways.

Excluding the nine parkways, in the 192 park areas there are in excess of 7,000 miles of roads and nearly 9,000 miles of trails. It is the policy of the National Park Service to construct roads for the benefit of the visitors, as well as for administrative purposes.

The road systems are supplemented by trail systems for those who like to hike or to ride saddle horses to the wilderness areas or to scenic and historic points of interest away from the heavily developed part of the park areas.

Since the inception of our Mission 66 program in 1957, we have made excellent progress in constructing and improving the roads systems. It is our recommendation that $23 million be authorized for roads and trails construction for each of the 1966 and 1967 fiscal years.

This is a minimum amount considered necessary to complete construction and reconstruction in the older park areas and also to build new roads and trails in the 27 park areas that Congress has authorized for establishment since the beginning of the Mission 66 program.

Now, as to the parkways, there are nine parkways. We recommend an authorization of $11 million to permit construction or continuation of the construction program in the parkways for each of the fiscal years 1966 and 1967. It is estimated that to complete all of the nine parkways, it would take an expenditure of $123,500,000.