7. Unlawful promises are not binding, 8. Until the fact be established, the law cannot apply. 9. The burden of proof lies on the plaintiff. 10. It is a fraud to conceal a fraud. 11. Ignorance of fact, excuses; igno rance of law, does not. 12. Where the life, liberty and character of a person are at stake, every presumption is to be taken in his favor. 13. No man can be twice punished for the same crime. 14. No man is above the law, Whoever ignorantly does an injury, shall knowingly make reparation. An ambiguous instrument is to be interpreted against its maker. 23. It is the duty of the legislature to discourage litigation. 24. Where witnesses are dead, the truth of writings is decided by a jury. 25. Unusual clauses in a formal instru ment, are suspicious. 26. Contracts are judged according to the law by which they are sought to be enforced. 27. A contract against law, morality, or public policy, cannot be enforced. 31. A delegated power is not transfer able. 32. The law favors dower, it is the re ward of modesty. 33. Good laws arise from evil manners. 34. False spelling, or grammar, does not vitiate a written instrument. 35. Fictions of law do not prevail against rights. 36. The custody, disposition and opera tion of law, is not to be questioned. 37. Judgment must be given according to the laws. 38. The jury decide facts, the judges law. |