Mercury from Gold and Silver Mining: A Chemical Time Bomb? ; with 29 TablesDue to its inherent characteristics, mercury contamination from gold mining is a major environmental problem compared to past mercury contamination from industrial point sources. The worsening of social-economical conditions and increasing gold prices in the late 1970s resulted in a new rush for gold by individual entrepreneurs for whom Hg amalgamation is a cheap and easily carried out operation. Even after the present-day mining areas are exhausted, the mercury left behind will remain part of the biochemical cycle of the tropical forest. This book reviews the current information on mercury from gold mining, its cycling in the environment and its long-term ecotoxicological impact. The book is illustrated with numerous diagrams and photographs. |
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Cuprins
The Use of Mercury Amalgamation in Gold and Silver Mining | 1 |
12 PresentDay Worldwide Utilization of Mercury Amalgamation | 4 |
13 PresentDay Amalgamation Mining Techniques | 6 |
Estimating Losses of Mercury to the Environment | 15 |
22 Mercury Emissions from Historical Gold and Silver Mining | 18 |
23 The Second Gold Rush in the South | 22 |
Mercury in the Atmosphere | 29 |
Burning of Amalgam | 30 |
443 Mercury Cycling in Artificial Tropical Reservoirs | 66 |
45 Mercury Methylation | 70 |
Mercury in Biota | 79 |
52 Aquatic Macrophytes | 80 |
53 Animals Excluding Fish | 83 |
54 Fish | 85 |
541 Mercury Concentrations and Distribution in Fish | 86 |
542 MethylMercury in Fish from Gold Mining Areas | 90 |
Degassing from Contaminated Soils Waters and Tailings | 33 |
32 Mercury Concentrations in Air of Urban and Rural Areas | 35 |
33 Chemical Forms Reactivity and Fate of Hg in the Atmosphere | 36 |
34 Impacted Areas Through the Atmospheric Transport Pathway | 39 |
342 Lakes | 44 |
Mercury in Tropical Aquatic and Terrestrial Systems | 47 |
42 Leaching from Tailings | 48 |
422 Mercury Export from Tailings to Adjacent Aquatic Systems | 51 |
43 Rivers | 53 |
432 Mercury and Its Associations in River Sediments | 56 |
433 Hydrological Effects on Hg Dispersion | 58 |
434 Dispersion of Mercury in River Systems | 60 |
44 Tropical Reservoirs | 64 |
441 Atmospheric Inputs | 65 |
543 Fish Response Changes in Hg Environmental Concentrations | 91 |
55 The Atmospheric Link in the Mercury Content of Fish | 93 |
Mercury Contamination of Humans in Gold and Silver Mining Areas | 97 |
61 Exposure Characteristics to Human Groups | 98 |
62 Mercury Concentrations in Humans from Occupational Exposure | 99 |
63 Mercury Concentrations in Humans Due to Environmental Exposure | 104 |
631 Mercury Concentrations in Human Blood | 105 |
Perspectives on the Temporal Development of Mercury Inputs into the Environment | 111 |
72 The Decrease in Mercury Inputs from Industrial Point Sources | 112 |
The Second Gold Rush and Before | 117 |
Summary and Outlook | 121 |
| 125 | |
| 143 | |
Alte ediții - Afișați-le pe toate
Mercury from Gold and Silver Mining: A Chemical Time Bomb? Luiz D.de Lacerda,Wim Salomons Previzualizare limitată - 2012 |
Mercury from Gold and Silver Mining: A Chemical Time Bomb? Luiz D.de Lacerda,Wim Salomons Nu există previzualizare disponibilă - 2013 |
Termeni și expresii frecvente
activity amalgamation Amazon amount aquatic associated atmosphere background blood bottom sediments Brazilian central Brazil close collected compared contamination countries cycling decrease deposition dispersion distribution drainage ecosystems effects emissions environment environmental estimated etal example exposure factors fish forest gold and silver gold dealer gold mining gold mining areas groups hair Hg concentrations Hg2+ higher human important increase industrial inputs involved Italy Lacerda lakes less levels Madeira River major Malm measured Mercury concentrations metallic methyl-Hg methylation miners mining sites natural nearly Negro River Nriagu occurs operation organic matter particles pathway plant population present production ranging rates reach region relatively released reported reservoir samples season sediments showed significant similar soils species studies suggest surface suspended particles Table tailings tion tons total Hg transport tropical typical urban urine values vapor various
Pasaje populare
Pagina 130 - High levels of mercury in fish and human hair from the rio Negro basin (Brazilian Amazon): natural background or anthropogenic.
Pagina 138 - Pfeiffer WC, Lacerda LD, Malm O, Souza CMM, Silveira EG, Bastos WR (1989) Mercury concentrations in inland waters of Rondônia, Amazon, Brazil.
Pagina 125 - The global cycle of mercury. In: Nriagu JO (ed) The biogeochemistry of mercury in the environment.
Pagina 130 - Rudd. 1980. Measurement of mercury methylation in lake water and sediment samples. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 40: 770-776.
Pagina 125 - Akagi H, Kinjo Y, Branches F, Malm O, Harada M, Pfeiffer WC, Kato H (1994) Methylmercury pollution in Tapajos River Basin, Amazon.
Pagina 139 - A preliminary study of mercury contamination in the surface soil and river sediment of the Roscio District, Bolivar State, Venezuela KP Shrestha & X.
Pagina 140 - EM, 1991. Atmospheric deposition of mercury in Norway: temporal and spatial trends. Water Air Soil Pollut. 56, 391-404.
Referințe la această carte
Small-scale Mining, Rural Subsistence and Poverty in West Africa Gavin M. Hilson Vizualizare fragmente - 2006 |
Informații bibliografice
| Titlu | Mercury from Gold and Silver Mining: A Chemical Time Bomb? ; with 29 Tables Environmental science |
| Autori | Luiz Drude de Lacerda, Wim Salomons |
| Editor | R. Allan |
| Coautor | Wim Salomons |
| Ediție | ilustrată |
| Editor | Springer Science & Business Media, 1998 |
| ISBN | 3540617248, 9783540617242 |
| Lungime | 146 pagini |
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