of Popish introduction into the Church, you should never have reaped this harvest of misery. For my part, I was eagle-winged, and as soon as I perceived that lime twigs were laid for me, I did erect myself, and by the expansion of my nimble wings escaped those snares into which you are fallen. But I beseech you, Sir, let me recall our inveterate Counsel by the fresh recordation of memory: What, does your Chapel retain its former ornaments? Does the Crucifix remain? and do the Pictures and graven Images adorn it still, as in my time? Does the Altar stand still? and do not nefarious persons wish you sacrificed thereon? Does the Triple Crown which you erected in St. Mary's illustrate still the vulgar speculation? Sir, if the tumultuary imprecations of the vulgar do oppose you, yet macerate not yourself, neither let passion conquer your captive thoughts; for it is a true Apologization, Quod tibi facere non vis, alteri ne feceris. But you did contaminate that sentence too much, by the unjust exulceration of ecclesiastical innovations. Remember me to the Archbishop, and desire him to put my good counsel in execution, that he shall excommunicate both Houses, before they divorce him from his Spouse; but (alas) I fear his Canons do recoil and his Founders miscarry, therefore let them be new cast. member me likewise to Bishop Wren, and bid him strain for it, for he will be made to sing a note above Elie. . . . But, loving Dr., perhaps my pen do seem too remiss, wherefore I will contract myself in a compendiary Epitome of my thanks unto you, for all your favours shown me since the last time I was at the University, for letting me kiss the Virgin Mary's picture, and the Pope's head, and for innumerable other courtesies ... the few admonitions and salu

Re

brity of counsel which I devove unto you briefly shall be these: First, That whithersoever the tempestuous wind hurrieth, you would remember to keep your head warm. Secondly, Although you climbed up to that honour upon other men's necks, have a great care that you come down with your own.'

Yet another similar attack may be quoted from the lampoon in doggerel verse called Lambeth Fair, wherein you have all the Bishops' Trinkets set to sale (1641); the following lines are thought to refer to Cosin :

"It now beginning to grow towards night,
Comes a grave Doctor running in with might;
His courage stout was somewhat now abated,
He brings his golden slippers consecrated,

And cries, Come buy these slippers here of mine,
They are emboss'd with holiness divine.'"

Employment and means of subsistence being now impossible in England, the religious system of the Church he loved so dearly being in abeyance, and having no guarantee that his liberty would be respected, nothing was left for Cosin but flight. It is to be hoped that he was spared the sight of the desecration wrought at Peterborough and at Peterhouse.

In Peterborough Cathedral a troop of Parliamentarians, with Cromwell's son in command, busied themselves daily for a fortnight in destroying the stained-glass, the choir-stalls, and the altar-screen (riddling with shot a painting of our Lord in glory), in breaking down the organs ("with such a strange, furious, and

frantic zeal as cannot be well conceived but by them that saw it "), and in tearing up the Prayer Books and the lectern Bible with the Apocrypha.' Peterhouse Chapel suffered no less: William Dowsing, who left a journal of his sacrilegious exploits, says:

"We went to Peterhouse with officers and soldiers; and . . we pulled down two mighty great Angels with wings, and divers other Angels, and the four Evangelists, and Peter with the keys over the Chapel-door, and about a hundred Cherubims and Angels, and divers superstitious letters in gold. Above the walls was written, in Latin, We praise Thee ever ; and on some of the images was written, Sanctus, Sanctus, Sanctus; on other, Gloria Dei et Gloria Patri, etc., and all Non nobis Domine, etc., and six Angels in the windows."

It is, indeed, a heart-rending picture of a divided Church and nation. On the one hand, the fanatical, self-opinionated Puritans, exulting in the thought that they were vindicating God's honour-" Confounded be all they that worship carved images and that delight in vain gods. O ye that love the Lord, see that ye hate the thing which is evil"; and, on the other hand, the puzzled Anglicans, equally convinced that stately ceremonial, elaborate decorations, and beautiful music were acceptable to God and desirable helps to worship, but yet with a vague misgiving that there must be some disciplinary purpose in the fate which was befalling their

1 Gunton's Hist. of Peterborough.

well-loved Church-" O God, wherefore art Thou absent from us so long? Why is Thy wrath so hot against the sheep of Thy pasture? Thine adversaries roar in the midst of Thy congregations and set up their banners for tokens. He that hewed timber afore out of the thick trees, was known to bring it to an excellent work; but now they break down all the carved work thereof with axes and hammers; they have set fire upon Thy holy places, and have defiled the dwelling-place of Thy Name."

Even those of us who find it utterly impossible to sympathise with Puritanism must concede that, in their determination that all things should be done according to their own ideas of decency and order, Laud and his followers had shown far too little consideration for those to whom all ceremonies were dark and dumb and unedifying. Both sides, whatever they may have said or even believed, in act and in effect violated that highest of all rules: "Whatsoever ye do, do all to the glory of God."

CHAPTER V

IN EXILE: CONFRONTING NEW FOES

"We are troubled on every side, yet not distressed; we are perplexed, but not in despair; persecuted, but not forsaken; cast down, but not destroyed."-2 Cor. iv. 8, 9.

IN the struggle with Puritanism Cosin had been decisively defeated and driven ignominiously off the field; but hostilities were not to cease, so far as he was concerned. The seat of war was changed, and the assailants were different; but the battle was as keen as ever, and his foes abroad were in a position to make his life nearly as unbearable as the enemy at home had done. The seventeen years of his exile involved one ceaseless fight for the Faith, as held by the Church of England, against the Romanising efforts of Queen Henrietta Maria and the Court of France. In this long campaign he displayed a courage and dexterity which roused the special rancour of the enemy and the heartiest admiration of his co-religionists. Thus the diarist, Evelyn, speaks of him as "one who in this time of temptation and apostacy held and confirmed many to our Church." Whilst Fuller (in his Church History), after blaming him, as already recorded, for his behaviour to Smart,' commends 1 See p. 77 below.