anything without the priest, labours in vain. And as Uzziah the king, who was not a priest, and yet would exercise the functions of the priests, was smitten with leprosy for his transgression, so every lay person shall not be unpunished who despises God, and is so mad as to affront his priests, and unjustly to snatch that honour to himself; not imitating Christ, "who glorified not himself to be made an high-priest," but waited till he heard from his Father, "The Lord sware, and will not repent, thou art a priest for ever after the order of Melchisedeck." If therefore Christ did not glorify himself without God the Father, how dare any man thrust himself into the priesthood, who has not received that dignity from his superior, and do such things which it is lawful only for the priests to do? Were not the followers of Corah, even though they were of the tribe of Levi, consumed with fire, because they rose up against Moses and Aaron, and meddled with such things as did not belong to them? And Dathan and Abiram went down quick into hell; and the rod that budded put a stop to the madness of the multitude, and demonstrated who was the high-priest ordained by God. You ought therefore, brethren, to bring your sacrifices and your oblations to the bishop, as to your high-priest, either by yourselves, or by the deacons, and do you bring not those only, but also your first fruits, and your tithes, and your free-will offerings to him; for he knows who they are that are in affliction, and gives to every one as is convenient, that so one may not receive alms twice or oftener the same day, or the same week, while another has nothing at all. For it is reasonable rather to supply the wants of those who really are in distress, than of those who only appear to be so.

If any determine to invite elder women to an entertainment of love, or, "a feast," as our Saviour calls it, let them most frequently send to such an one whom the deacons know to be in distress. But let what is the pastor's due-I mean the first fruits-be set apart in the feast for him, even though he be not at the entertainment, as being your priest, and in honour of that God who has entrusted him with the priesthood. But as much as is given to every one of the elder women, let double so much be given to the deacons, in honour of Christ. Let also a double portion be set apart for the presbyters, as for such who labour about the word and doctrine, upon the account of the apostles of our Lord, whose place they sustain as the counsellors of the bishop, and the crown of the church; for they are the Sanhedrim and senate of the church. If there be a reader there, let him receive a single portion, in honour of the prophets, and let the singer and the porter have as much. Let the laity therefore pay proper honours in their presents, and utmost marks of respect to each distinct order. But let them not on all occasions trouble their governors, but let them signify their desires by those who minister to him, that is, by the deacons, with whom they may be more free. For neither may we address ourselves to almighty God, but only by Christ. In the same manner, therefore, let the laity make known all their desires

to the bishop by their deacon, and accordingly let them act as he shall direct them for there was no holy thing offered or done in the temple formerly without the priest: "for the priest's lips shall keep knowledge, and they shall seek the law at his mouth," as the prophet somewhere says. For he is the messenger of the Lord almighty: for if the worshippers of demons in their hateful, abominable, and impure performances till this very day imitate the sacred rules (it is a wide comparison indeed, and there is a vast distance between their abominations and God's sacred worship, however) in their ludicrous worship they neither offer nor do anything without their pretended priest, but esteem him as the very mouth of their idols of stone, waiting to see what commands he will lay upon them. And whatsoever he commands them, that they do; and without him they do nothing: and they honour him their pretended priest, and esteem his name as venerable in honour of lifeless statues, and in order to the worship of wicked spirits. If these heathens, therefore, who give glory to lying vanities, and place their hope upon nothing that is firm, endeavour to imitate the sacred rules, how much more reasonable is it that you, who have a most certain faith and undoubted hope, and who expect glorious, and eternal, and never-failing promises, should honour God in those set over you, and esteem your bishop to be the mouth of God?

CHAP. XXIX. For if Aaron, because he declared to Pharaoh the words of God from Moses, is called a prophet; and Moses himself is called a God to Pharaoh, on account of his being at once a king and a high-priest, as God says to him, "I have made thee a God to Pharaoh, and Aaron thy brother shall be thy prophet;"-why do not ye also esteem the mediators of the word to be prophets, and reverence them as gods?

CHAP. XXX. For now the deacon is to you Aaron, and the bishop Moses. If, therefore, Moses was called a god by the Lord, let the bishop be honoured among you as a god, and the deacon as his prophet; for as Christ does nothing without his Father, so neither does the deacon do anything without his bishop; and as the Son without his Father is nothing, so is the deacon nothing without his bishop; and as the Son is subject to his Father, so is every deacon subject to his bishop; and as the Son is the messenger and prophet of the Father, so is the deacon the messenger and prophet of his bishop. Wherefore let all things that he is to do with any one be made known to the bishop, and be finally ordered by him.

CHAP. XXXI. Let him not do anything at all without his bishop, nor give anything without his consent; for if he gives to any one as to a person in distress, without the bishop's knowledge, he gives it so that it must tend to the reproach of the bishop, and he accuses him as careless of the distressed. But he that casts reproach on his bishop, either by word or deed, opposes God, not hearkening to what he says, "Thou shalt not speak evil of the gods." For he did not make that law concerning deities of wood

and of stone, which are abominable, because they are falsely called gods; but concerning the priests and the judges, to whom God also said, “Ye are gods, and children of the Most High."

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CHAP. XXXII. If, therefore, O deacon, thou knowest any one to be in distress, put the bishop in mind of him, and so give to him, but do nothing in a clandestine way, so as may tend to his reproach, lest thou raise a murmur against him; for the murmur will not be against him, but against the Lord God: and the deacon, with the rest, will hear what Aaron and Miriam heard, when they spake against Moses, "How is it that ye were not afraid to speak against my servant Moses?" And again, Moses says to those who rose up against him, "Your murmuring is not against us, but against the Lord our God;" for if he that calls one of the laity Raka, or fool," shall not be unpunished, as doing injury to the name of Christ, how dare any man speak against his bishop, by whom the Lord gave the Holy Spirit among you upon the laying on of his hands, by whom ye have learned the sacred doctrines, and have known God, and have believed in Christ, by whom ye were known of God, by whom ye were sealed with the oil of gladness and the ointment of understanding, by whom ye were declared to be the children of light, by whom the Lord in your illumination testified by the imposition of the bishop's hands, and sent out his sacred voice upon every one of you, saying, "Thou art my Son, this day have I begotten thee." By thy bishop, O man, God adopts thee for his child. Acknowledge, O son, that right hand which was a mother to thee. Love him who, after God, is become a father to thee, and honour him.

CHAP. XXXIII. For if the divine oracle says concerning our parents, according to the flesh, "Honour thy father and thy mother, that it may be well with thee;" and, "He that curseth his father or his mother, let him die the death;"-how much more should the word exhort you to honour your spiritual parents, and to love them as your benefactors and ambassadors with God, who have regenerated you by water, and endued you with the fulness of the Holy Spirit, who have fed you with the word as with milk, who have nourished you with doctrine, who have confirmed you by their admonitions, who have imparted to you the saving body and precious blood of Christ, who have loosed you from your sins, who have made you partakers of the holy and sacred Eucharist, who have admitted you to be partakers and fellow heirs of the promise of God; reverence these, and honour them with all kinds of honour; for they have obtained from God the power of life and death, in their judging of sinners, and condemning them to the death of eternal fire, as also of loosing returning sinners from their sins, and of restoring them to a new life.

CHAP. XXXIV. Account these worthy to be esteemed your rulers and your kings, and bring them tribute, as to kings; for by you they and their families ought to be maintained, as Samuel made constitutions for the people concerning a king, in the first book of Kings, and Moses did so concerning priests in Leviticus. So do we also make constitutions for you concerning bishops; for

if there the multitude distributed the inferior services in proportion to so great a king, ought not therefore the bishop much more now to receive of you those things which are determined by God for the sustenance of himself and of the rest of the clergy belonging to him; but if we may add somewhat farther, let the bishop receive more than the other received of old: for he only managed the affairs of the soldiery, being entrusted with war and peace for the preservation of men's bodies; but the other is entrusted with the exercise of the priestly office in relation to God, in order to preserve both body and soul from dangers. By how much, therefore, the soul is more valuable than the body, so much the priestly office is beyond the kingly; for it binds and looses those that are worthy of punishment or of remission. Wherefore you ought to love the bishop as your father, and fear him as your king, and honour him as your lord, bringing to him your fruits and the works of your hands, for a blessing upon you, giving to him your first-fruits and your tithes, and your oblations, and your gifts, as to the priest of God; the first-fruits of your wheat, and wine, and oil, and autumnal fruits, and wool, and all things which the Lord God gives you ; and thy offering shall be accepted as a savour of a sweet smell to the Lord thy God; and the Lord will bless the works of thy hands, and will multiply the good things of thy land, "For a blessing is upon the head of him that giveth."

CHAP. XXXV. Now you ought to know that although the Lord has delivered you from the additional bonds, and has brought you out of them to your refreshment, and does not permit you to sacrifice irrational creatures for sin-offerings, and purifications, and scape-goats, and continual washings, and sprinklings, yet has he no where freed you from those oblations which you owe to the priests, nor from doing good to the poor; for the Lord says to you in the Gospel," Unless your righteousness abound more than that of the Scribes and Pharisees, ye shall by no means enter into the kingdom of heaven." Now herein will your righteousness exceed theirs, if you take greater care of the priests, the orphans, and the widows as it is written, "He hath scattered abroad, he hath given to the poor, his righteousness remaineth for ever." And again, "By acts of righteousness and faith, iniquities are purged." And again, "Every bountiful soul is blessed." So, therefore, shalt thou do as the Lord has appointed, and shalt give to the priest what things are due to him, the first fruits of thy floor, and of thy winepress, and sin-offerings, as to the mediator betweed God and such as stand in need of purgation and forgiveness; for it is thy duty to give, and his to administer, as being the administrator and disposer of ecclesiastical affairs. Yet shalt thou not call thy bishop to account, nor watch his administration, how he does it, when, or to whom, or where, or whether he do it well or ill, or indifferently; for he has one who will call him to an account, the Lord God, who put this administration into his hands, and thought him worthy of the priesthood of so great dignity.

CHAP. XXXVI. Have before thine eyes the fear of God, and always remember the Ten Commandments of God. To love the

one and only Lord God with all thy strength, to give no heed to idols, or any other beings, as being lifeless gods, or irrational beings, or demons. Consider the manifold workmanship of God, which received its beginning through Christ. Thou shalt observe the Sabbath, on accouut of him who ceased from his work of creation, but ceased not from his work of providence. It is a rest for meditation of the law, not for idleness of the hands. Reject every unlawful lust, everything destructive to men, and all anger. Honour thy parents, as the authors of thy being. Love thy neighbour as thyself. Communicate the necessaries of life to the needy. Avoid swearing falsely, and swearing often, and in vain, for thou shalt not be held guiltless. Do not appear before the priests empty, and offer thy free-will offerings continually. Moreover, do not leave the church of Christ, but go thither in the morning before all thy work, and again meet there in the evening, to return thanks to God that he has preserved thy life. Be diligent and constant, and laborious in thy calling. Offer to the Lord thy free-will offerings; for, says he, "Honour the Lord with the fruit of thy honest labours." If thou art not able to cast anything considerable into the Corban, yet at least bestow upon the strangers one or two or five mites, "Lay up to thyself heavenly treasure, which neither the moth nor thieves can destroy." And in doing this, do not judge thy bishop, or any of thy neighbours among the laity; for if thou judge thy brother thou becomest a judge without being constituted such by any body; for the priests are only intrusted with the power of judging. For to them it is said, "Judge righteous judgment;" and again, " Approve yourselves to be exact money-changers," for to you this is not intrusted. For, on the contrary, it is said to those who are not of the dignity of magistrates or ministers, "Judge not, and ye shall not be judged."

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CHAP. XXXVII. But 'tis the duty of the bishop to judge rightly. As it is written, "judge righteous judgment;" and elsewhere, "why do ye not even of yourselves judge what is right?" ye therefore as skilful dealers in money; for as these reject bad money, but take to themselves what is current, in the same manner 'tis the bishop's duty to retain the unblameable, but either to heal, or, if they be past cure, to cast off those that are blameworthy, so as not to be hasty in cutting off, nor to believe all accusations; for it sometimes happens that some, either through passion or envy, do insist on a false accusation against a brother, as did the two elders in the case of Susanna in Babylon, and the Egyptian woman in the case of Joseph. Do thou, therefore, as a man of God, not rashly receive such accusations, lest thou take away the innocent and slay the righteous; for he that will receive such accusations is the author of anger rather than of peace. But where there is anger there the Lord is not. For that anger, which is the friend of Satan-I mean that which is excited unjustly by the means of false brethren-never suffers unanimity to be in the Church. Wherefore, when you know such persons to be foolish, quarrelsome, passionate, and such as delight in mischief, do not give credit to them, but observe such as they are when you hear