Matthews, William, a Quaker preacher, was | born in Stafford Co., Va., in 1732. His parents died when he was quite young. He entered the ministry at twenty-three years of age, and gave convincing evidence of a heavenly call. Matthews was a man of sound judgment and great Christian piety. He spent several years in ministerial work in England, Ireland, Scotland, and Wales. The exact date of his death is not known. See Janney, Hist. of Friends, iii, 398.

Matthew's (Sr.) Day, a festal day observed in the Roman Catholic and the Anglican churches on Sept. 21, and in the Greek churches on Nov. 16, is mentioned in St. Jerome's Comes, and was first generally observed in the 11th century.-Walcott, Sac. Archæol. s. V.

Matthiä, JOHANN, a noted Swedish prelate, was born in Ostrogothia in 1592, and after enjoying the best educational advantages of his country, entered the ministry. After filling several important positions, he became court preacher and almoner to Gustavus Adolphus. He was next appointed preceptor to Christina, the daughter of that monarch, and was created bishop of Strengnäs in 1643. He died in 1670. Matthiä wrote several moral and theological works, the most important of which are, Opuscula Theologica (Strengnäs, 1661, 8vo):-Sacræ Disquisitiones ad refutandos Epicureos, atheos et fanaticos (Stockholm, 1669, 4to). See Hoefer, Nour. Biog. Gen. vol. xxxiii, s. v.

We

serm. 2)" (Smith). It would seem, however, that Paul was the divine appointee to fill the vacancy in the college of the apostles. Monographs in Latin on his election have been written by Scharff (Viteb. 1652), Bittelmaier (ib. 1676), and Hammerschmid (Prag. 1760).

MATTHIAS is likewise the name of one person mentioned in the Apocrypha (Marradiaç) and of several in Josephus (Mardiac), especially as Jewish highpriests.

1. Given (1 Esdr. ix, 33) in place of the Heb. MATTATHIAH (Ezra x, 33).

2. A son of Ananus, made high-priest by Agrippa (soon after the appointment of Petronius as president of Syria), in place of Simon Cantheras, after that honor had been declined by Jonathan as a second term (Josephus, Ant. xix, 6, 4).

3. Son of Theophilus of Jerusalem, made high-priest by Herod in place of Simon, son of Boethius (Ant. xvii, 4, 2); removed again by Herod to make room for Joaza (ib, 6, 4, where Josephus relates his temporary disqualification on the day of annual atonement), and again reinstated by Agrippa in place of Jesus, son of Gamaliel (ib. xx, 9, 7).

Josephus likewise mentions Matthias, son of Boethius, as "one of the high-priests" betrayed by Simon during the last siege of Jerusalem (War, v, 3, 1), but it does not appear whether he was one of the above. See

HIGH-PRIEST.

Matthi'as (Mardiac, a contraction of Matithiah Matthias, a religious impostor whose real name or Matthew, a form frequently met with in Josephus was Robert Matthews, was born in Washington County, [see below]), one of the constant attendants from the N. Y., about 1790. He kept a country-store, but failed first upon our Lord's ministry, who was chosen by lot, in 1816, and went to New York City. In 1827 he rein preference to Joseph Barsabas, into the number of the moved to Albany, where he became much excited by apostles, to supply the vacancy caused by the treachery the preaching of Messrs. Kirk and Finney; made himand suicide of Judas (Acts i, 23-26). A.D. 29. may accept as probable the opinion which is shared by ceived a revelation, and began street-preaching; failing self active in the temperance cause; claimed to have reEusebius (H. E. lib. i, 12) and Epiphanius (i, 20) that he was one of the seventy disciples. He is said to have fled secretly to New York City, where he was tried and to convert Albany, he prophesied its destruction, and preached the Gospel in Ethiopia (Niceph. ii, 40; ac- acquitted on the charge of poisoning a wealthy disciple cording to Sophronius, "in altera Ethiopia," i. e. Col-in whose family he had lived. His impositions exposed, chis; comp. Cellar. Notit. ii, 309), or Cappadocia accord- he soon disappeared from public view. See Matthias ing to Cave, and to have at last suffered martyrdom and his Impostures, by W. L. Stone (New York, 1835); (comp. Menalog. Græc. iii, 198). According to another tradition, he preached in Judæa, and was stoned to death Drake, Dict. Amer. Biog. s. v. by the Jews (see Prionii Vita Apostol. p. 178; Acta Sanctorum, Feb. 24; comp. Augusti, Denkwürdigk. iii, 241). There was early an apocryphal gospel bearing his name (Eusebius, H. E. iii, 25, 3; Clemens Alex. Strom. ii, 163; vii, 318; Grabii Spicileg. patr. ii, 1, p. 117; Fabric. Cod. apocr. N. T. i, 782 sq.).

Matthias CORVĪNUS, king of Hungary, second son of John Hunyady (q. v.), was born in 1443, and came to the throne in 1458. His accession was hailed with the utmost enthusiasm over the whole country. But the Hungarian crown at this time was no chaplet of roses; two sovereigns, alike formidable, the one, Mohammed "Different opinions have prevailed as to the manner II, from his military talents and immense resources, the of the election of Matthias. The most natural con- other, Frederick III, from his intriguing policy, were struction of the words of Scripture seems to be this: busily conspiring against the boy-king. To meet these After the address of Peter, the whole assembled body of dangers Matthias rapidly carried out his measures of the brethren, amounting in number to about 120 (Acts defence, and, scarcely prepared, fell on the Turks, who i, 15), proceeded to nominate two, namely, Joseph, sur- had ravaged the country as far as Temesvar, inflicted named Barsabas, and Matthias, who answered the re- upon them a bloody defeat, pursued them as far as Bosquirements of an apostle: the subsequent selection be- nia, took the stronghold Jaieza, there liberated 10,000 tween the two was referred in prayer to him who, know- Christian prisoners, and then returned to Weisenberg, ing the hearts of men, knew which of them was the fitter to be crowned with the sacred crown of St. Stephen, in to be his witness and apostle. The brethren then, un- 1464. He next suppressed the disorders of Wallachia der the heavenly guidance which they had invoked, and Moldavia; but feeling that his plans were counterproceeded to give forth their lots, probably by each acted by the intrigues of the emperor Frederick III to writing the name of one of the candidates on a tablet, gain possession of Hungary, Matthias besought the asand casting it into the urn. The urn was then shaken, sistance of pope Pius II, but to no purpose. After a and the name that first came out decided the election. second successful campaign against the Turks, he turned Lightfoot (Hor. Heb. Luc. i, 9) describes another way of his attention to the encouragement of arts and letters, casting lots which was used in assigning to the priests and adorned his capital with the works of renowned their several parts in the service of the Temple. The sculptors, in addition to a library of 50,000 volumes. apostles, it will be remembered, had not yet received the He sent a large staff of literary men to Italy for the purgift of the Holy Ghost, and this solemn mode of casting pose of obtaining copies of valuable MSS. (even now the lots, in accordance with a practice enjoined in the the Collectio Corvina is celebrated), and adorned his Levitical law (Lev. xvi, 8), is to be regarded as a way court by the presence of the most eminent men of Italy of referring the decision to God (comp. Prov. xvi, 33). and Germany. He was himself an author of no mean Chrysostom remarks that it was never repeated after ability, and possessed a delicate appreciation of the fine the descent of the Holy Spirit. The election of Mat-arts. At the same time the affairs of government were thias is discussed by bishop Beveridge (Works, vol. i, not neglected. The finances were brought into a flour

ishing condition, industry and commerce were promoted | nales Ferdinandei; P. Santoric, Vite di Ridolfo e Mattia by wise legislation, and justice was strictly administered Imperatori (1664); Vehse, Memoirs of the Court of Assto peasant and noble alike. But the promptings of his tria, i, 240 sq.; Coxe, House of Austria, ii, 95 sq.; Kohlambition, and the pressure exercised by the Romish rausch, Hist. of Germany, p. 311 sq. See also THIRTY party, cast an indelible blot on Matthias's otherwise YEARS' WAR. spotless escutcheon; he wantonly attacked Podiebrad, his father-in-law, the Hussite king of Bohemia, to wrest from Podiebrad the sceptre which he was holding by the declared will of the people. In this action Matthias was influenced especially by pope Pius II and his successor, Paul II. See HUSSITES, vol. iv, especially p. 424, col. 2. After a bloody contest of seven years' duration between these kings, the greatest generals of the age, the Hungarian power prevailed, and Moravia, Silesia, and Lusatia were wrested from Bohemia. A third war with the Turks closed as successfully as the former two. The emperor also was humiliated by Matthias, and expiated his guilt in poverty and disgrace. Matthias was suddenly cut down in the midst of his successes at Vienna, April 5, 1490. See Butler, Eccles. Hist. ii, 165; Gieseler, Eccles. Hist. iii, 370 sq. See LADISLAUS OF POLAND;

PIUS II.

Matthias of KUNWALDE, one of the first ministers of the Ancient Moravian Brethren (q. v.), flourished in

the 16th century. He was appointed at the Synod of Lhota, in Bohemia, in 1467. On that occasion nine men, of high repute for piety, were elected by ballot. Then twelve lots were prepared, nine being blank, and three inscribed with the Bohemian word Jest (He is). Thereupon a fervent prayer was offered up beseeching God to designate of these nine nominees, either one, or two, or three, as the ministers of the Church; but, if this should not be the time which he had ordained for such a consummation, to cause all the nine to receive blanks. In this event the Brethren would have deferred further action to some future period. Nine lots having been drawn singly from a vase and given to the nominees, it appeared that Matthias of Kunwalde, Thomas of Prelouc, and Elias of Chrenovic, had each received one marked Jest. The synod rose to its feet, sang a thanksgiving hymn, composed for the occasion, and accepted these three men as the future ministers of the Church. In the same year, after the episcopacy had been secured, Matthias, although only twenty-five years of age, was consecrated a bishop, and, upon the resignation of bishop Michael, became president of the Church Council. He administered its affairs, according to the extreme views of discipline entertained by Gregory (q. v.), until 1494, when he resigned his presidency and united with the liberal party. In 1500, while on his way to a synod in Moravia, he died at Leipnik, after having, in his last will and testament, which he addressed to the Brethren, exhorted them to avoid schisms, and to preserve the unity of the Spirit in the bonds of peace. He was buried at Prerau. (E. de S.)

Matthias, John B., a Methodist Episcopal minister, was born at Germantown, Pa., Jan. 1, 1767; was converted while residing in New York, after his majority; and with excellent success as a local deacon until 1811, was there licensed to preach in 1793; preached much when he joined the itinerancy. Thereafter he labored very usefully until 1841, when loss of sight obliged him to superannuate. He died in great blessedness at Hempstead, L. I., May 27, 1848. He was educated a German Lutheran, and was by trade a ship-carpenter, but when he felt called to preach he prepared to the best of his ability, and for many years delivered regularly no less verted under these labors. He was one of the most than three sermons a week, and many souls were conhumble, pious, and loving of Christians, and the fruit of his unostentatious labors was abundant and blessed.— Minutes of Conferences, iv, 224. (G. L.T.)

Matthias, John J., a minister of the Methodist

Episcopal Church, was born at New York Jan. 17, 1796. His childhood and early youth were spent with his parents in Tarrytown. At a suitable age he went to Brooklyn to learn the art of printing, but, brought to a knowledge of converting grace, and persuaded in his own Christ, he determined to prepare for the work. He enmind that he was called of God to preach the Gospel of tered the ministry when twenty-one years old, in the New York Conference at Goshen Circuit. In 1818 he was appointed to Pittsfield Circuit; in 1819 to Stow; in 1820 to Leyden; in 1821 and 1822 to Cortlandt; in 1823 to Middlebury, Vt.; in 1824 to St. Albans; in 1825 to Pittsfield; in 1826 to Cortlandt. He was stationed in the city of New York in 1827 and 1828, and in the city of Albany in 1829 and 1830; was transferred to the Philadelphia Conference in 1831, and stationed in the city the East Jersey District; in 1836 he was stationed at of Newark, N. J. In 1833, 1834, and 1835 he travelled the Nazareth Church, in the city of Philadelphia. His health failing, he took a superannuated relation, and continued to hold it until 1841. While sustaining this relation to his Conference, the Pennsylvania and New Bassa Cove, on the West Coast of Africa. He was in York Colonization Societies appointed him governor of Africa about a year, but, subjected to severe suffering by the African fever, he returned to the States. In 1842 he was retransferred to the New York Conference, and stationed at Flushing, L. I.; in 1843 at Rockaway; in 1844 to 1847 was presiding elder of the Long Island District; in 1848 and 1849 was stationed in Williamsburgh; in 1850 and 1851 in the Twenty-seventh Street Church, New York; in 1852 was supernumerary at Hempstead, I.; but was given an effective relation in 1853, and stationed at Jamaica. In 1854 he was obliged again to superannuate, but his relation was changed to effective at the ensuing Conference, and in 1851 to 1857 served as chaplain to the Seamen's Friend Retreat on Staten Island. "He was held in high esteem by the managers and officers of that institution. At the bedside of the sick and in his chapel services he was felt to be well adapted to the duties of his office." The tax upon his sympathies and the labors of the position were more than his enfeebled health could sustain, and in 1858 he resigned the chaplaincy, and received a superannuated relation. He retired to a quiet and comfortable residence in Tarrytown, where he resided until the day of his decease, Sept. 25, 1861. "Few ministers have a longer or more worthy record than this. Some of these fields of labor were very arduous, others of them very responsible. In all of them he was faithful and useful. He was a high-minded, intelligent, and honorable man, His tastes were refined, his feelings delicate, his conversation chaste, and his manners dignified but affable. His

Matthias I, emperor of Germany, son of Maxi-L. milian II and Mary, daughter of Charles V, deserves a place here because of his relation to one of the most eventful periods in the earliest stages of modern history. He was born in 1557. In 1578 he was invited by the Romanists of the Netherlands to assume the government of that country, but he held the position only a short time. He was appointed stadtholder of Austria in 1595, and in 1611 was invited by the Bohemians to become their ruler. On the death of his brother Rudolf, emperor of Germany, in 1612, he succeeded to the throne, and was called upon to sit in judgment between Protestant and Romanist in the ensuing contest between these two factions of his empire. He pursued a vacillating policy, and, while striving to direct, made himself distrusted by both. He concluded a disadvantageous treaty with the Turks, then in possession of Hungary (1615), and soon after caused his cousin Ferdinand to be proclaimed king of Bohemia and Hungary. In the midst of the dissensions which preceded the Thirty Years' War he died, in 1619. See Khevenhuller, An

Christian reputation is without blemish. He possessed | American and Foreign Christian Union as its secretary. the disciplinary attributes of a minister-" gifts, grace, The fertility of his pen was amazing. Believing strongand usefulness." His preaching was practical and ex-ly in the power of the press for good or evil, he made perimental. He sought assiduously and successfully to lead the members of his Church to a higher spiritual state, and a holy, active, religious life. As a pastor he had few superiors. Gentle, affectionate, and sympathetic in his manners, his pastoral visits were highly prized by the people of his care. He fostered the Sabbath-school, and fed the lambs of the flock, a good minister of Jesus Christ" (bishop Janes, in the N. Y. Christian Advocate, Jan. 9, 1862). See also Smith, Memorials of the N. Y. and N. Y. East Conferences, p. 11.

Matthias's (Sr.) Day, a festival observed on the 24th of February in the Church of Rome, with a provision that in leap-year it should be observed on the 25th. In the Church of England it is usually observed on the 24th of February, even in leap-years. In the Greek Church St. Matthias's day is held on the 9th of August. The date of the introduction of this festival is involved in obscurity. Some suppose it was first established in the 11th century, others in the 8th. See Farrar, Eccles. Dict. s. v.; Eadie, Eccles. Dict. s. v.; Broughton, Biblioth. Hist. Sac. ii, 76.

Matthieists. See MUNSTER, ANABAPTISTS IN.
Matthieson. See ANABAPTISTS.

free and constant use of it to aid the one and oppose the
other. His publications embraced a range from the lit-
tle Sunday-school card to the stately volume, all in-
tended to aid the public movement in favor of temper-
ance, and in opposition to slavery and Romanism. There
was too much in the life and character of Dr. Mattison
to admit of a summing up in the space allotted to this
brief sketch. We need only say that to know him, es-
pecially to know him well, was to admire, esteem, and
love him as a man, a friend, a scholar, a minister, a hero,
a Christian. Bishop Thomson, in his introduction to the
writer's memoir of Dr. Mattison's life (see below), thus
delineates him: "Before the world he stood as the able
preacher, the gifted writer, the stern controversionalist,
the unsparing antagonist; but he was not without the
gentler and more attractive elements of character. He
was an amiable, communicative, entertaining compan-
ion, a generous friend, and loving husband and father.
'From his rough heart a babe could press
Soft milk of human tenderness.'

On all the storms of his life were rainbows, but only his
intimate friends were in position to see them." His
first book was A Scriptural Defence of the Doctrine of
the Trinity, a small volume issued in 1843, and to which
multum in parvo was peculiarly applicable. In the same

Mattison, Hiram, D.D., a prominent divine of the Methodist Episcopal Church, was born at Norway, Her-year he began his publication of Tracts for the Times, kimer County, N.Y., Feb. 8, 1811. Three years afterwards his parents, who were natives of New England, removed to Oswego County, and settled near the present city of Oswego. His mother, besides rearing her own twelve children, became the foster-mother of ten others who had not homes for themselves. The first years of his early manhood were devoted to teaching, but his conversion at the age of twenty-three turned his thoughts towards the ministry, which soon after became his lifework. He entered the Black River Conference in 1836, and filled successively several of the most important appointments in that body. In 1842 and 1843 he was stationed at Watertown; in 1844 and 1845 at Rome; in 1846 he became superannuated; the next year supernumerary; the next two years he was superannuated; in 1850 he was made secretary of the Conference, and his relation changed to effective. During this and the following year he served, by appointment of the bishop, as professor in Falley Seminary. In 1852 he was elected secretary of Conference for the third time, and his relation was changed to superannuated. This same year, on account of ill-health and a tendency to pulmonary difficulties, he removed to New York City for the benefit of the sea air, and was pastor of John Street Church (left vacant by the death of Rev. W. K. Stopford), and afterwards of Trinity Methodist Episcopal Church in Thirty-fourth Street, which he organized, and under his administration the present church edifice was erected. His preaching was both popular and effective, being distinguished by great clearness of statement, force of argument, aptness of illustration, and earnestness of appeal. His sermon at the camp-meeting held near Morristown, N. J., in 1866, may be very justly pronounced one of the most eloquent and powerful discourses of modern times. Dr. Mattison labored with great zeal to secure action by the General Conference (of which he was a member in 1848, 1852, and 1856) against all slaveholding in the Church, but at length, despairing of success, he formally withdrew from the Methodist Episcopal Church, Nov. 1, 1861. He became the pastor of an Independent Methodist Church, for which a house of worship was built under his supervision in Forty-first Street. This church he continued to serve till 1865, when he returned to the Methodist Episcopal Church, and was appointed to the Trinity Methodist Church in Jersey City, having been admitted a member of the Newark (N. J.) Conference, in the fellowship of which he continued till death. The last year of his life was devoted to the service of the

which at length grew into a small but piquant monthly,
called at first The Conservative, and afterwards the Prim-
itive Christian. In 1846 he published a work on As-
tronomy, with large astronomical maps-a work of rare
merit and popularity. Soon after he issued his Ele-
mentary Astronomy, and in 1850 edited a new and im-
proved edition of Burrett's Geography of the Heavens,
for which he is spoken of as "one of the most competent
astronomers in the country." In 1853 he published his
High-School Astronomy, and the same year was associ-
ated with Prof. J. B. Woodbury in bringing out a music-
book, The Lute of Zion, which, becoming widely popular,
led in a short time to an enlarged edition under the title
of New Lute of Zion. The next year his work on Spir-
it Rappings was issued, and had a large circulation. In
1856 his celebrated controversy with Dr. J. H. Perry, on
the Wesleyan Doctrine of Christian Perfection, was pub-
lished in successive pamphlets. Three years later he
issued another tune-book, Sacred Melodies, “designed
for use on all occasions of public worship;" and the same
year also sent forth his Impending Crisis, a stout pam-
phlet of pungent facts and impassioned appeals on the
slavery question. In 1864 his Minister's Pocket Manual
was published, and within the next two years followed
with the two most elaborate theological works of his
life, Immortality of the Soul, and Resurrection of the Body,
books of superior and permanent value. During 1866
he published Select Lessons from the Holy Scriptures,
and his Defence of American Methodism, and in the next
year a timely treatise on Popular Amusements.
year 1868, the last of his life, was perhaps the busiest,
and the most prolific of results in the line of authorship.
Besides editing and bringing through the press the work
on Perfect Love, he wrote and published Mary Ann
Smith, and a surprising number of other works on Ro-
manism, from the tract of a few pages to the heavy
pamphlet. He left an unfinished treatise on Depravity
in its Relation to Entire Sanctification, and the outlines
of several other theological works. His contributions
to the periodical press were abundant and able. He
was the author of several poems of decided merit, and
among his issues from the press were various Church
and Sunday-school requisites. He composed with re-
markable ease and rapidity, and seldom rewrote a sen-
tence or even a word. His busy life suddenly closed at
his residence, Jersey City, N.J., in a signally triumphant
death, Nov. 24, 1868. See Minutes of Conferences, 1869,
p. 55 sq.; also Work Here, Rest Hereafter, or the Life

The

and Character of Rev. Hiram Mattison, D.D., by Rev. N. | hook or hoe; (machareshah', 1 Sam. xiii, 20) Vansant, with an Introduction by bishop Thomson (New and (machare'sheth, "share," 1 Sam. xiii, 20) York, 1870, 8vo). (N.V.)

are the names of two agricultural cutting instruments Mattison, Seth, a Methodist Episcopal minister, (for they were sharpened with a file), one of which is was born at Shaftesbury, Vt., Feb. 22, 1788; joined the perhaps the plough-share and the other the coulter (from Methodist Church in 1805; entered the Genesee Con-, to scrape; but the plur. of both is, ma ference in 1810; and died Oct. 18, 1845, having preached chareshoth", "mattocks," 1 Sam. xiii, 21). See PLOUGH with eminent usefulness and great holiness the Gospel of Christ for thirty-four years.-Minutes of Conferences, iii, 643.

Mattison, Spencer, A.M., a Methodist Episcopal minister and educator, was born at Plainfield, N. Y., Aug. 2, 1808; was converted in 1825; graduated, with first honors, at Middlebury College, Vt., in 1830; joined Troy Conference the same year, but on his second charge his health failed, and he went to Georgia. On recovery he spent five years there as principal of Vineville Academy, and then rejoined the Troy Conference in 1842. In 1846 he was elected professor of ancient languages and literature in M'Kendree College, Illinois, where he spent six years, and then resigned and re-entered the regular work of the ministry, but at the close of a year he accepted the principalship of Rock River Seminary, Mount Morris, Ill. His health again failed, and he died about the end of October, 1853. Professor Mattison was an excellent linguist and instructor, and greatly beloved by his pupils. He was a minister of fine talents and uniform piety, and a most accomplished Christian gentleman. Minutes of Conferences, v, 455. (G. L. T.)

nnn, gift of

Mattithi'ah (Heb. Mattithyah', Jehovah, compare Oɛódoroç, Theodore; also in the prolonged form Mattithya'hu, 2, 1 Chron. xv, 18,

21; xxv, 3, 21; Sept. Marradiaç, but in Ezra x, 43 Μαθαθίας ν. r. Ματθανίας; so also Ματταθίας, 1 Macc. ii, 1; Luke iii, 25, 26) the name of three or four men in the Old Test, and of one or two (Auth. Vers. "Mattathias") in the New. See also MATTATHAH; MATTHEW; MATTHIAS, etc.; and especially MATTA

THIAS.

1. One of the sons of the Levite Jeduthun, appointed by David chief of the fourteenth section of the Temple musicians (1 Chron. xxv, 3, 21). B.C. 1014. He is probably the same with one of the Levitical wardens who were assigned to the performance of the sacred anthems on the removal of the sacred ark to Jerusalem (1 Chron. xv, 18, 21; xvi, 5). B.C. cir. 1043.

2. An Israelite of the "sons" (residents) of Nebo, who divorced his Gentile wife after the Babylonian exile (Ezra x, 43). B.C. 459. He was possibly identical with

No. 4.

3. The eldest son of Shallum, a Levite of the family of Korah, who had charge of the baked offerings of the Temple on the re-establishment after the exile (1 Chron. ix, 31). B.C. cir. 440.

4. One of those (apparently chief Israelites) who supported Ezra on the right hand while reading the law to the people after the captivity (Neh. viii, 4). B.C. cir. 410.

5. A person named in Luke iii, 26 as the son of Semei, among the maternal ancestors of Jesus; but as no such name appears in the parallel passages of the Old Test., and would here unduly protract the interval limited by other intimations of the generations, it is probably interpolated from No. 6. (See Strong's Harm. and Expos. of the Gospels, p. 16.)

6. The son of Amos and father of Joseph, among the maternal ancestry of Jesus after the close of the O.-Test. genealogy (Luke iii, 25). B.C. post 406.

(che'reb, 2 Chron. xxxiv, 6; elsewhere usually a "sword") signifies any sharp instrument, as a knife, dagger, chisel; and possibly a spade in the passage in question (marg. "maul"). The tool used in Arabia for l'Arabie, p. 137), answers generally to our mattock or loosening the ground, described by Niebuhr (Deser, de grubbing-axe (Loudon, Encyclop. of Gardening, p. 617; Hasselquist, Trav. p. 100), i. e. a single-headed pickaxe, the sarculus simplex, as opposed to bicornis, of Palladius (De Re Rust. i, 43). The ancient Egyptian hoe was of wood, and answered for hoe, spade, and pick. The blade was inserted in or through the handle, and the two were

Ancient Egyptian Hoes.

attached about the centre by a twisted rope. See Wilkinson, Anc. Egypt. ii, 16, 18, abridgm.; comp. Her. ii, 14. See AGRICULTURE.

Maturin, CHARLES ROBERT, an Irish divine, was born in 1782, and was educated at Trinity College, Dublin. Though popular as a pulpit orator, the income from his living the curacy of St. Peter's, in the Irish metropolis was inadequate to his support, and he turned aside to secular literary enterprises. He secured special distinction as a poet and dramatist. He died in 1825. Says a contemporary, "The genius of Maturin was great, but it was not always under the control of a pure taste." He published a collection of his Sermons, besides many secular works, several of which were first brought out under the assumed name of Dennis Jasper Murphy.

Matutinal. See MATINS.

Mauburne or Momboir, JEAN, an ascetic Belgian author, was born at Brussels about 1460. After having studied grammar and music at the cathedral school of Utrecht, he joined the regular canons of MontSaint-Agnès, a famous monastery near Zwoll, and was employed in different positions in the congregation of Windesham. The publication of his first work, Rosetum Spirituale, gave Mauburne great renown, and induced Nicholas de Hacqueville, first president of the ParlisMattock, an old English name for an agricultural ment of Paris, to invite him to France (1497), to reform implement like a pickaxe with a wide point, for grub- the regular canons of the kingdom. Mauburne gladly bing up and digging out roots and stones, is the render- heeded the call, and restored order to the abbeys of ing adopted in the Auth. Vers. for three Hebrew words. Saint-Séverin, of Cysoing, of Saint-Euvert d'Orleans, (mader', an instrument for dressing or pruning a and of Saint-Martin de Nevers; but he attached himvineyard; occurs only in Isa. vii, 25) denotes a weeding-self more particularly to that of Livri, of which he was