Chain-pump, described, ii. 313

Chalky formation, north of Peking, ii.
367

Character, good and bad traits of,i. 252
Checks to population, of the positive
kind, ii. 413

Chemistry, practice of, ii. 288
Che-keang, province of, i. 150
Children, i. 287

Chinese compared with other races of
men, i. 264; squabbles with, near
Lintin, 126

Civil code of present dynasty, ii. 180
Clanship, prevalence of, in Canton and
Fokien, ii. 14

Classification of objects in nature, ii.
327

Climate and meteorology, ii. 379
Coal, near Poyang Lake, ii. 369; at
Canton, 372; its use described by
Marco Polo, ibid.

Coasting trade, restrictions on, ii. 415
Cochin-China, mission to, i. 81
Coin of base metal, ii. 431; its incon-
veniences, 433; of silver not adopted,

434

Comets, ii. 302

Commerce, internal, ii. 441; foreign, at
Canton, 445

Company's trade, termination of, i. 128
Compass, early knowledge of, ii. 232;

said to point south, 234; variation of
at Peking long known, 235
Concubinage, legalized, effects of, i. 280
Conduct is fate, tale in proof, ii. 136
Confucius, his era, i. 175; hereditary
honours of his descendants, 276;
birth of, ii. 41; character of his ethics,
42

Contrariety of usages to our own, i. 307
Costumes described, i. 345
Cotton, mode of cleaning, ii. 242
Council of state, i. 219

Critique on penal code, from Edinburgh
Review, i. 248

Croton Sebiferum, candles made from,
ii. 242; tree described, 357
Cultivation, principal objects of, ii. 389
Cycle of sixty years, ii. 306

Debtor and creditor, law of, i. 247
Diet of poor indiscriminate, i. 334
Diet and regimen, essay on, ii. 275
Difficulties of language over-rated, ii.

148

Dinner, invitation to, i. 319; forms at-
tending, 320; description of one, 321
Diplomatic forms, i. 317
Discussions in 1829, i. 114
Dispensary at Macao, ii. 293
Divination, mode of, ii. 146

Division of labour, its advantages ex-
plained by Mencius, ii. 58; an argu-
ment for different orders in society,

59

Doctor at Canton, ii. 281

Dog, described by White of Selborne, ii.
337

Doris, H. M. Ship in China, i. 93
Drama described, ii. 185

Drawing and painting, ii. 263
Drinking games, i. 338
Drug-shops, ii. 276

Drury, Admiral, at Canton, i. 89
Ducks reared in boats, i. 335

Dutch settle on Formosa, i. 36; their
contests with the Chinese, 37; are ex-
pelled by force, 41; embassy suffered
by performing the ko-tow, 97
Dwarf trees, ii. 362
Dwellings described, i. 360.
Eclipses, ii, 302

Education, influence of, i. 210; very
general, 289; process of, 290
Embassy of Earl Macartney, i. 74; of
Lord Amherst, 95; from China to
Khan of Tourgouths, ii. 176.

Emperor is worshipped with divine
honours, i. 217; has absolute dis-
posal of succession, 218; is high
priest of heaven, 219

English, first visit of, i. 43; trade at
Formosa, 47; confined by Tartar
dynasty to Canton, 48

Entertainment, imperial, described, i.

319

Ethics of Chinese fairly considered, ii.
164

Eunuchs, former power of, i. 181
Examinations, public, i. 293

Expedition to Macao, from Lord Wel-
lesley in 1802, i.80; from Lord Minto
in 1808, 88

Factory, defended by guns, i. 119; in-
vaded by Chinese, 120

Factories at Canton, ii. 22; subject to
floods, 23

Fashions, not liable to sudden vicissi-
tudes, i. 352

Fatalism of the Chinese, ii. 135; some
superior to it, 136

Feast conferred by Emperor, i. 318
Festivals, i. 309; meeting the spring,
ibid.; imperial ploughing, 310; of silk-
worms and weaving, 311; of dragou-
boats, 312; for the dead, ibid.
Fine arts, ii. 262

Fire of Canton in 1822, i. 110
Fire-works, i. 306
Fishing-birds, ii. 346

Five canonical works, ii. 59
Flint, seizure and imprisonment of Mr.,
i. 62

Flowers, described, ii. 365

FŎ, or Budha, temple of, near Canton,
ii. 85; Chinese objections to his doc-
trines, 89; Paradise and Hell, 104
Fokien province, i. 151

Food and drink, i. 331

Foreign intercourse, Chinese maxim re-
garding, i. 66

Forensic medicine, practice of, ii. 279
Formosa, island described, i. 161
Forts near Canton, armament of, ii. 36;
forced by frigates, 37

Fortunate Union, a romance, outline of,
ii. 212

Four Books, notices of, ii. 48
Freemasonry, ii. 17

French, contests with English at Can-
tou, i. 59; consul delivers up a man,
who is strangled, 65

Fruits described, ii. 361; trees planted
on banks of rivers, 395
Funeral rites, i. 295

Furniture of apartments, i. 367
Gambling, 1. 337

Games and amusements, i. 339
Gardening, ornamental, ii. 264

Garments, for winter and summer, i.
348

General, duties of one, ii. 35

Geographical sketch of empire, i. 129
Geography, science of, ii. 299

Geological notices, from Peking to
Canton, ii. 366

Ghosts, belief in, ii. 139

Glauber's salt, ancient knowledge of, ii.
295

Governor-General's despatch to Canton,
i. 122

Grain-junks on canal, vast number of,
ii. 421

Grammar of language very limited, ii.

155

Granite islands about Canton, ii. 373
Grapes, mode of cultivating, ii. 363
Gratitude, instance of, i. 254
Great Wall described, i. 140
Gunner, unhappy case of, i. 71.
Gunpowder, early knowledge of its com-
position, ii. 229; not at first applied
to gunnery, 230

Gypsum, or alabaster, abundance of,
ii. 371; used in colouring spurious
green teas, 467

Hae-nân, island of, i. 162
Hân, dynasty of, i. 177

Hand-maids; are domestic slaves, i. 288
Heir in Old Age, a play, analysis of, ii.

193

Hell of Budhists, ii. 105

Hereditary rank of imperial kindred,

i. 272; of the descendants of Confu-
cius, i. 276
Hieroglyphics, Egyptian, unlike Chi-
nese characters, i. 266
Histories, voluminous, ii. 172
Homicide, law of, i. 246; note on, at
Cauton, 414

Hong merchants, intrigues of, i. 57;
debts to Europeans recovered, 68;
failure of two, 112; their value to the

government, ii. 446; answerable for
foreigners, 448

Honours to just magistrates, i. 357
Hoo-kuang, province of, i. 152
Houses of rich described, i. 362
Humoral pathology in medicine, ii. 374;
Hundred plays, collection of, ii. 193
Hunting expeditions of Tartar court, i.
340

Husbandry, great economy in, ii. 400
Ice, use of, i. 330

Imogene and Andromache, H. M. ships,
force the batteries, ii. 37

Imperial despatch delivered to Lord
Amherst and Commissioners, i. 103
Infanticide, i. 261; arguments against,

ii. 30

Ingenuity in arts, i. 241; examples of,
262

Ink, called Indian, how made, ii. 228
Innate moral sense, creed of the Chinese
ii. 70

Insects, ii. 349; producing wax,350
Instruments of music, ii. 267

Interest of money, high rate of, ii. 439;
causes of this, 440

Internal trade, ii. 441

Irrigation of lands, machines for, ii. 313;
simple mode, 396

Japan, Chinese expedition against, i.
166

Jews, very early in the country, i. 16
Jones, Sir William, his paraphrase of
Chinese verses, i. 284

Junks described, ii. 237; mode of navi-
gating, 238; want of discipline, 240;
trade in, 442

Kang-hy, a great monarch; reigned
sixty years, i. 192

Kao-lin, what substance, ii. 254
Keang-nan, province of, i. 147
Keang-sy, province of, i. 148
Kidnapping children, ii. 31
Kien-loong, grandson of Kang-hy,
reigned sixty years, i. 193
Kindred, regard to, i. 260.

King's evidence, species of, in penal
jurisdiction, i. 242

Knowledge, threefold distribution of, ii.
279

Ko-tow, or prostration, impolicy of per-
forming, i. 96; real import of, 98; con-
sequences to the Dutch of performing
it, 97

Kuân-yin, idol of Chinese Budhists, ii.
108

Kuâng-sy, province of, i. 152

Kuang-tung, or Canton province, i. 149
Lackered ware, whence obtained, ii. 261
Ladrones, Chinese pirates, account of,
i. 83

Land-tax, ii. 417

Landscape-gardening, ii. 265
Language and literature, ii. 147

Laurus camphora, a timber tree, ii. 355
Law, Chinese, contrasted with Japanese,
i. 250

Letters rank above arms, i. 224

Linois, Admiral, repulsed by Company's
fleet, i. 82

Lintin, smuggling traffic at, i. 123; ii.
451

Literary habits, ii. 161

Locusts, ravages of, ii. 385

London, Chinese poem on, ii. 207
Loo-choo tributary to China, i. 164
Lunar year, ii. 307

Luu-yu, conversations of Confucius, ii.
51

Macao, condition of, i. 27

Macartney, Earl, mission of, i. 74
Machinery of government, i. 216
Magic, practice of, ii. 117

Mahomedan creed tolerated, i. 15

Male offspring indispensable to Chinese
felicity, i. 287
Mammalia, ii. 837

Man considered a microcosm, ii. 282
Manchow Tartars limit trade to Can-
ton, i. 20; country of, 157; conquer
China, 189

Manures, different kinds in husbandry,
ii. 393

Manuscript account of present dynasty,
ii. 175

Marco Polo, the Venetian, i. 19; his
correct account of junks, ii. 238; of
the use of coal, 372; of paper cur-
rency, 436

Marcus Antoninus, embassy from, i.
11

Marriage, i. 281; ceremonies of, 283

Masses for the dead in Budhism, ii. 95
M'Clary, a ship-master, daring act of,
i. 66
Meaou-tse, independent mountaineers,
i. 152; successful against Emperor's
troops, 154

Mechanics and machinery, ii. 309
Mencius, a sage next in rank to Con-
fucius, ii. 54; his writings, 56
Mercurial preparations, ii. 288
Merits and demerits weighed together,

ii. 91

Modelling, ii, 265

Mongol Tartars, i. 158; first possession
of China, 184; expelled by Chinese,
186

Morals, rules of, ii. 163
Mountains of China, i. 131
Mourning, periods of, i. 299

Moxa, or cautery, extolled by Sir W.
Temple, ii. 277

Mulberry, cultivation of, for silk-worms,
ii. 250

Music, art of, ii. 266

Mythological ages, i. 171

Nanking, occurrence at, in last em-
bassy, ii. 2; deserted state of, 4
National pride and ignorance, i 257
Natural history and productions, ii.
325; researches in, by Europeans, 331
Navigateur, French ship, remarkable
history of, i. 409

Navigation, art of, ii. 236
Nestorian Christians, i, 12
New year, i. 303

Nobility, species of hereditary, i. 215
Numbers, science of, ii. 295

Oaths, not admitted in judicial proceed-
ings, i. 242

Old age, most honoured, next to learn-
ing, i. 249

Omens, lucky and unlucky, ii. 143
Opium, smuggling trade in, ii. 453; ra.
pid growth of, 454; new law against,
456; has exceeded value of tea-trade,
457; mode of smoking, 458
Optics, science of, ii. 271

Oral language, differences in, ii. 152
Oranges, three distinct kinds, ii. 360
Orders of Chinese community, four, i.
271

Ornithology, ii. 343

Ostentation, absence of, i. 277
Pagan and Romish ceremonies alike,
ii. 95

Paper, invention of, ii. 226; manufac-
ture described, 227

Paper-currency of Mongols, described
by Ibn Batuta, i. 15; by Marco Polo,
ii. 436

Paradise of Budhists, ii. 104
Parallelism, a constant property of
Chinese poetry, ii. 205

Parental authority, model of Chinese
rule, i. 201; very consistently main.
tained, 202; effect of, on stability of
government, 205; inculcated by Con-
fucius, 206

Pastures, no lands cultivated as, ii. 390.
Pawnbroking, ii. 435; under strict re-
gulations, 438

Pearson, introduction of vaccination by
Mr., ii. 293; his account of mercurial
preparations, 285

Peking, extent of walls, i. 387; interior
aspect, 399; Tartarian city, 393; po-
pulation, 395; Chinese city, 396; dan-
gers of Emperor, 399

Peking Gazette, nature of, i. 218
Penal Code, character of, i. 233; its de-
fects, 234; arrangement lucid, 237;
practical effects, 249

Peopling of China, conjectures on, i. 265
Persecution of Roman Catholics, i. 200
Personal appearance, i.267

Pe-tsae, a favourite vegetable, i. 332
Pe-tun-tse, what substance, ii. 255
Philosopher and his Wife, a tale, ii. 119
Physical characteristics, i. 263
Physics, Chinese, scheme of, ii. 274
Pirates condemned, i. 411
Plants, small proportion arrived in Eng-
land, ii. 336

Plays, character of, ii. 191; compared
with Greek drama, 192
Ploughing, modes of, ii. 397
Poem on London, ii. 207
Poetry, account of its progress, ii. 202;

its structure, 205; specimens of, 206
Police of Peking, i. 407; efficiency of,
in China, 408

Politeness, odd specimen of, i. 329
Pootala, monastery of Budhists, de-
scribed, ii. 109

Pope, first mission from, i. 18
Popery, resemblance to Chinese Bud-
hism, ii. 83

Population, ii. 401; causes of excessive

amount, 402; statements concerning
examined, 407

Porcelain manufacture, ii. 253; ingre-
dients of, 254; origin of name, ibid.;
bottles found in Egyptian tombs, 259
Ports and harbours on coast, ii. 472
Portuguese first appear at Canton, i.
21; established at Macao as tenants-
at-will, 27; intrigue against English,
49; deliver an Englishman to be
strangled, 64

Posts for government expresses, i. 373
Prayer of the Emperor, ii. 76
Presents at new year, i. 305
Primitive features, i. 271
Primogeniture, i. 301

Principals and accessaries, law of, i.
243

Printing, early knowledge of, ii. 222;
process in, 224
Prisons, severe, i, 241
Privileged classes, i. 242

Provinces of China, eighteen, i. 129;
described, 146

Provincial governments, i. 221

Prussian blue, used in colouring spu-
rious green teas, ii. 467
Public expenditure, ii. 425

Public opinion exercises some influence,
i. 209

Pulse, doctrine of the, ii. 281
Punishments, mistake regarding, i. 238';
bamboo, or bastinade, allotted as
measure of crimes, ibid.
Quarrels punishable, i. 247
Queen of Heaven, supposed to be adopt
ed from Romish idols of the Virgin
ii. 95

Raw produce more in demand than fo-
reign manufactures, ii. 442

Red Book, or Court Kalendar, printed
quarterly, i. 222

Relatives of Emperor, condition of, i. 405
Relics worshipped by Budhists, ii. 83
Report of Captain Horsburgh to Foreign
Office, ii. 472

Reptiles, few venomous, ii. 348
Restrictions on coasting-trade, ii. 415
Revenues-land-tax, ii. 417; partly in
kind, 419; salt-tax, 423; duties on
tea and alum, ibid.; on transit, and
on imports and exports, 425; inade-
quate to expenditure, 427

Rice, predilection for, i. 333; cultiva
tion of, ii. 397

Rice-paper, vulgar name for a species
of pith, ii. 359.

Right-angled triangle, properties of its
sides represented, ii. 298
Rites, ancient book of, ii. 63
Rivers of China, i. 131
Robbery, punishment of, i. 245
Rodent animals, ii. 341

Romances and novels, ii. 209; best pic-
tures of society, 210; outline of one,
212

Romish and Pagan observances, resem-
blance between, ii. 95

Roots, or radical characters, elements
of a philosophic system, ii. 151
Rosaries of Budhist devotees, ii. 83
Ruminant animals, ii. 338

Russian intercourse with China, i. 41
Sailors at Canton, ii. 26
Salt-tax, ii. 423

Scene in the last embassy, i. 403
Sciences, ii. 279; despised where not
practical, 270

Scottish bagpipe, music resembling, ii.
267

Sculpture and modelling, ii. 265
Sedans, convenient, i. 371

Seditious paper found at Macao, ii. 16
Seres of ancient writers, not Chinese,
i. 10

Shantung province, i. 146

Shipping at Whampoa, expenses enor-
mous, ii. 447

Shoo-king, an ancient history, ii. 61
Siberian mammoth, notice of, ii. 340
Silk manufacture, ii, 240

Silk-worms, management of, ii. 251
Six Boards, or tribunals, i. 220
Skaiting at Peking, i. 341

Spectacles, enormous, ii. 272
Stage costumes, splendid, ii. 190
State worship described, ii. 71
Statistical works, of empire and pro-
vinces, ii. 179

Staunton, Sir G. T., negotiation by, i.
94; commissioner of embassy, 96
Steam, cooking by, ii. 292

Stewart (Dugald) on invention of print-
ing, ii. 222

Study, rules for, ii. 157
Sugar-mill, ii. 311

Sulphate of iron, how procured, ii. 293
Superstitious practices, ii. 135

Survey of harbours on coast, ii. 472
Talent, road open to, i. 275
Talismans and spells, ii. 141
Taou, sect described, ii. 114

Tartar and Chinese troops unequally
paid, i. 228

Tartars, progress of, i. 183
Taverns and eating houses, i. 336
Tea, its varieties, ii. 458; black teas,
461; green, 463; mode of prepara-
tion, 465; spurious black teas, ibid.;
damaged black coloured green, 466
Tea-plant, ii. 351; favourite soil of, 352;

allied to camellia, 353; indigenous
to Company's new territories, ibid.
Tea-trade of England, its amount, ii.
469; rapid growth of, 470; trade of
Europe, 471; of America, 472
Tea-stone, used for shading eyes, ii. 272
Theory of creation, ii. 65; compared

to Egyptian, Hindoo, and Greek cos-
mogony, 66

Thermometer, averages of, ii. 381
Three states (San-kuo), period of, i. 178
Timber trees, ii. 355

Torture, mode of, i. 242

Trade at Canton, heavy burthens on, i.
50; unsuccessful at Amoy, 52; for-
bidden at Ningpo, 61

Traders at Canton, miserable condition
of, ii. 24

Tragedy, analysis of one, ii. 198
Trap rocks, ii. 373

Travelling by land, i.371; by water, 377
Treason, law of, difference between, in
despotic and free states, i. 236
Triad society, ii. 15

Tributary countries, i. 162

Trimurti, or triad of Budhists, ii. 107
Turmeric, used in colouring spurious
green teas, ii. 466

Typhoons described, ii. 383

Union of astrology with medicine, ii.
273

Unities of the drama neglected, ii. 188
Vaccination introduced by Mr. Pearson,
ii. 283

Variation of compass, early known, ii.
234

Varnish tree, ii. 356

Victims, sacrifice of, ii. 75

Virgin, Romish idol, probably adopted
by Chinese in their Queen of Heaven,
ii. 95

Visiting, ceremonies attending, i. 215
Volcanic symptoms, ii. 374

War, art of, i. 227

Wastes, allotted to the poor, ii, 391
Water-wheel of bamboo, ii. 316

Wealth, comparatively little respected,
i. 213

Whiskey, species of, i. 330
Widows, their privileges, i. 278
Wife, but one legal, i. 279
Wild cats, a delicacy, ii. 337
Women, costume of, ii. 358

Works on China, list of, i. Introduction
Written and spoken languages, ii. 153
Yang-tse-keang, the great river, i. 132
Yaou and Shun, ancient Emperors, i. 173
Yellow River, i. 132; crossing it, 137
Yin and Yang, a sexual system of na-
ture, ii. 67

Yuen-ming-yuen, imperial gardens and
palace, i. 401

Yun-nan, province bordering on Ava,
i. 156