"Handbk.," 1980; "Mycogr.," f. 242; Pat., p. 169, f. 373. Helvella vesiculosa-Bolt., t. 175. Peziza lycoperdioides -D. C., "Flo. Fr.," ii. 87 (partly). Pustularia vesiculosa -Fckl., "Symb. Myco.," p. 329; Sacc., " Myco. Ven. Sp.," p. 167. Aleuria vesiculosa-Gill., "Champ.," p. 45. c. i. Exs.-Karst., " Fung. Fenn.," 818; Phil., “Elv. Brit.," 13; "Erb. Crit. Ital.," 773; Sacc., "Myco. Ven.," 733.

On the ground, rich soil, manure heaps, rotten leaves, etc. Spring and autumn.

Cup 1 to 3 inches broad, often cæspitose, sometimes repand. The base of the cup is very fleshy, and frequently projected into a short thick stem, covered with abundant white mycelium; the hymenium has a tendency to separate itself from the flesh of the cup at the bottom. Name Vesicula, a little bladder.

Fulham

Midlands (Purton). Bungay (D. Stock). (Herb. Kew). Northamptonshire (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). Paddington (Herb. Kew). Pen-y-gwyrd, North Wales! Church Stretton! Minsterley, Salop! on manure in my garden! Carlisle (Dr. Carlyle). Near Bristol (Mr. Spencer Perceval).

42. Peziza cerea. Sow.

Cups large, gregarious, cæspitose, infundibuliform, repand, fleshy, very fragile; hymenium yellowish; externally furfuraceous, whitish, with a villous stem-like base; asci cylindrical; sporidia 8, elliptic, smooth, 20 × 9μ; paraphyses linear, enlarged upwards.

Peziza cerea-Sow., "Fung.," t. 3; Fries, "Sys. Myco.," ii. 52; "Eng. Flo.," v. 188; Berk., "Outl.,” p. 363 ; Price, fig. 80; Cooke, "Handbk.," 1979; "Mycogr.,” 244; Karst., Myco. Fenn.," p. 54; Bull., "Champ.," t. 44; Weinm., "Hym.," 117; Kickx., "Crypt. Flan.," p. 495. Plicaria cerea-Fckl., "Symb. Myco.," p. 327. Peziza vesiculosa, var. cerea-Rehm., "Asco.," 201. Aleuria cerea-Gill., “Champ.," p. 44.

Exs.-Fckl., "F. Rh.," 1225; Rehm., "Asco.," No. 201. On tan beds, on the ground amongst leaves, etc. Spring,

Cup 1 to 3 inches broad. It resembles Peziza vesiculosa, from which it differs in its more fragile texture, and rather smaller sporidia.

Name-Cereus, like wax; from the beeswax colour.

Uffington; Coed Coch (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). Twycross (Rev. A. Bloxam). Glamis (Rev. J. Stevenson). Forres (Rev. Dr. Keith). On tan, North Wootton! (Mr. C. B. Plowright). Ludlow, on tan (Mrs. Price).

43. Peziza bufonia. Pers.

Cup hemispherical, often fragile; hymenium bright brown, externally warty, of the same colour; margin entire or laterally incised; stem short, rooting, becoming pallid; asci cylindrical; sporidia 8, elliptic, smooth, 20-24 × 10-12u; paraphyses filiform, clavate apices.

Peziza bufonia-Pers., "Myco. Eur.," p. 225; Fries, "Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 54; Berk., Gard. Chron., Jan. 13, 1866; B. and Br., "Ann. Nat. Hist.," No. 1154, t. 3, f. 12; Cooke, "Handbk.," No. 1982; "Micogr.," fig. 292.

In moist woods, and on rubbish heaps. Autumn. A fine species, agreeing in size and colour with Peziza umbrina; externally rough with conical warts, opaque, and of a dingy earth-colour, somewhat resembling P. vesculosa, but distinguished by the brown hymenium and verrucose cup. Sporidia 00075-0008 inches (B. and Br.).

Name-Bufo, a toad; warted like a toad.
Grantham (Mr. W. Summerby).

SUBGENUS VIII.-GEOSCYPHA.

Cooke.

Cup entire, or lobed, sessile, externally even, subpruinose, sometimes quite smooth. (Plate IV. fig. 18.) Name-yn, the earth, oxupos, a cup.

KEY TO THE SPECIES.

1.

2.

(Hymenium livid-purple; sporidia oblong-elliptic;
paraphyses linear

Hymenium livid-purple; sporidia elliptic; para-
physes clavate

...

Hymenium purplish-blue; sporidia elliptic; para-
physes slender, subclavate

Hymenium varying from yellowish to purple;
sporidia elliptic; paraphyses stout, clavate
(Hymenium pale ochraceous; paraphyses linear
Hymenium pale ochraceous; paraphyses clavate
Hymenium ochraceous; paraphyses subclavate; grow-
ing on wood..

3. Hymenium cinnamon; paraphyses linear ..
Hymenium blackish-brown; paraphyses clavate, not
branched

Hymenium blackish-brown; paraphyses pyriform
and branched

brunneo-atra.

lividula.

1

cribrosa.
subrepanda.

2

3

purpurascens.

exidiiformis.

violacea.

undata.

tectoria.
viridaria.

mellea.
ampliata.

sepiatia.

sterigmatizans.

Cup obconical, becoming expanded, at length applanate, fleshy, glabrous, livid-purple or fuliginous; margin entire; hymenium convex, undulating; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic, asperate, 18-20 × 10μ; paraphyses septate, clavate at the apices. (Plate IV. fig. 18.)

Peziza lividula-Phil. in Cooke's "Mycogr.," fig. 277.
On the ground in damp spots. Autumn.

Name-Lividus, lead-colour; somewhat lead-colour.
Near Shrewsbury!

45. Peziza brunneo-atra. Desm.

Cup sessile, solitary, largish, nearly plane, entire, fleshy, fragile, smooth, brown-black; asci cylindrical; sporidia 8, ovate, subhyaline, minutely asperate, 20 × 10μ ; paraphyses clavate at the apices.

Peziza brunneo-atra-Desm., “Crypt. Fr.," i. 826;

"Ann. Sc. Nat.," 1836, iii. 244; B. and Br., " Ann. Nat. Hist.," No. 1157, t. 4, f. 18; Cooke, "Handbk.," No. 2006; Aleuria brunneo-atra-Gill.,

Mycogr.," fig. 78.

Champ.," p. 53, c. i.

Exs.-Desm., " Crypt. Fr.," i. 826, ii. 26.

On the ground. Spring.

Name-Brunneus, deep brown, and ater, black. Leigh Woods, near Bristol! (Mr. C. E. Broome and Mr. Spencer Perceval).

B. SPORIDIA ELLIPTIC, SMOOTH.

46. Peziza purpurascens. Pers.

Cup sessile, campanulate, then expanded, conically attenuated to the base, livid-purple, glabrous; asci cylindrical; sporidia 8, elongate-elliptic, biguttulate, smooth, 20-22 × 7·5μ; paraphyses filiform, thickened upwards.

Peziza purpurascens Pers., "Myco. Eur.," p. 242, t. 12, f. 10; Fries, "Sys. Myco.," ii. 65; Gonn. and Rabh., "Myco. Eur.," t. 3, f. 3; Cooke, "Grevillea," v. p. 60; Mycogr.," fig. 276. Aleuria purpurascens Gill., Champ.," p. 48, c. i.

Exs.-Cooke, "Fung. Brit.," ii. 543.

On the ground. Autumn.

Cup to 1 inch broad. The sporidia are fusiform.
Name- Purpuracens, inclining to purple.
Shrewsbury! King's Lynn! (Mr. C. B. Plowright).

47. Peziza tectoria. Cooke.

Cup sessile or substipitate, globose, afterwards expanded, applanate; hymenium plane, subumbilicate, pallidochraceous; externally whitish, furfuraceous, becoming smooth; asci cylindrical; sporidia 8, elliptic, smooth, 18-20 × 9-10μ; paraphyses filiform.

Peziza tectoria-Cooke in "Grevillea," iii. p. 119; "Mycogr.," fig. 263; Phil., "Trans. Woolhope Club," 1876, p. 224, with figure.

On damp plaster walls. Summer and autumn.

At first appearing as a small white furfuraceous ball, seated on a white mycelium, of an inch broad; when old becoming irregular, 12 inches broad, margin split and jagged.

Name-Tectus, the roof; from its habitat.

Dwelling-house, Shrewsbury! Union Workhouse, Shrewsbury! Herefordshire County Asylum! (Dr. Chapman). Edinburgh, on timber in a house that had been burnt down (Dr. M. C. Cooke). Botanical Gardens, Edinburgh; and Epping (Dr. M. C. Cooke). Marlborough (Dr. M. C. Cooke).

48. Peziza ampliata. Pers.

Cup sessile, fleshy, fragile, thin, expanding directly from the base, nearly cinnamon, externally pallid, nearly smooth; asci cylindrical; sporidia 8, elliptic, smooth, 18 × 19μ; paraphyses linear, slightly thickened upwards. Peziza ampliata-Pers., “Icon. et Descr.," p. 31, t. 3, f. 4; Fries, "Sys. Myco.," ii. 76; Cooke, "Mycogr.,' fig. 384. Aleuria ampliata-Gill., Champ.," p. 47. On rotting wood and bark of oak, poplar, etc. Autumn and winter.

Cup an inch to 1 inch or more broad.

Name-Amplio, to enlarge; widened out.

Near Hereford! Guildford! (Mr. Thomas Howse). Cawdor Castle, N.B.! Hanham Woods, near Bristol; Kew Gardens (Dr. M. C. Cooke).

49. Peziza mellea. Cooke and Plow.

Cup solitary, sessile, hemispherical, glabrous, becoming applanate, ochraceous; margin incurved; hymenium honey-coloured; asci cylindrical; sporidia 8, elliptic, smooth, 20 × 11u; paraphyses slightly clavate at the apices.

Peziza mellea-Cooke and Plow., " Grevillea," v. 119; Cooke, "Mycogr.," fig. 383.

On decaying ash.

Cup about 6 lines broad; the margin of the cups