pileus and stem dark æruginous green. The Rev. M. J. Berkeley says the tint of green is so dark that it is nearly black.

On the ground. Not edible.

Name-xλwpós, green, kɛpaλǹ, a head.
Hampshire (Miss Broadwood).

Form Stevensoni. Berk.

Short, densely caespitose; pileus and stem green. B. and Br., "Ann. Nat. Hist.," No. 1827. Steven., Myco. Scot.," p. 297.

On damp ground in woods.

Name

After the Rev. John Stevenson.

Glamis, Hunter's Hill (Rev. J. Stevenson).

B. CUDONIA. Fries.

3. Leotia circinans. Pers.

Gregarious, somewhat caespitose, or arranged in circles; pileus fleshy, convex, afterwards undulate; margin involute, nerves underneath running down into the stem; stem fistulose, somewhat powdery; asei clavate; sporidia 8, linear, cylindrical, or clavate, straight or curved, multi-guttulate, 50-60 × 3μ; paraphyses filiform, curved at the apices. (Plate II. fig. 5.)

Leotia circinans-Pers., "Comm.," p. 31; "Icon. et Descr.," p. 16, t. 5, figs. 5-7; Fries, "Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 27; Steven., "Myco. Scot.," p. 297; Cooke, "Mycogr.," f. 172. Cudonia circinans-Fckl., "Symb. Myco.," 332; Karst., "Myco. Fenn.," p. 25. Leotia gracilis Pers., "Myco. Eur.," i. 198. Helot circinans-Swartz, "Vet. Ac. Handl.," 1812, p. 15. Helvella revoluta-Wahl., " Ups.," p. 464. Leotia lutea-Peck (sub. Vibrissea) in "Reports New York Museum"; Cooke in "Bullet. Buff. S. N. Sc.," 1875. Cudonia circinans-Quelet, "Champ.," pt. ii. p. 380.,

Exs.-Karst., "Fung. Fenn.," 153; Rabh., "Fung. Eur.," 38, 312; Fckl., " F. Rh.," No. 1139.

On the ground in fir woods. Autumn. Not edible. Named from its habit of growing in circles. The pileus is of a soft fleshy consistence, somewhat rotund, at times much undulated, variable in colour with age and dryness, pallid-yellow, sometimes with a fleshy tinge; stem 1 to 2 inches high, of an inch thick, crooked, often sulcate, solid or fistulose, expanding upwards into the pileus.

Name-Circino, to make round; from growing in

rings.

Forres, Scotland! (Rev. Dr. Keith). Aviemore, Scotland! (Mr. C. B. Plowright). Glamis, Crane's Hill, Scotland! (Rev. J. Stevenson). Menmuir, Scotland (Rev. M. J. Berkeley).

4. Leotia acicularis. Pers.

Gregarious or scattered, small, milk-white; pileus waxy, fragile, undulate-convex, margin straight, under side granulose; stem simple or branched, becoming crooked, discoloured; asci clavate; sporidia 8, fusiform, biguttulate, becoming pseudo-uniseptate, 25-28 × 4μ; paraphyses filiform.

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Leotia acicularis-Pers., "Obs.," ii. p. 20, t. 5, fig. 1; t. 6, figs. 1, 2. Fungus minimus-Ray., "Syn.," p. 12 Hist.," iii. p. 24. Helvella acicularis-Bull., “ Champ., p. 296, t. 473, f. 1. Helvella agariciformis-Bolt., " Fung.," t. 98, f. 1; Sow., "Fung.," t. 57. Helotium acicularePers., "Syn. Fung.," 677; "Myco. Eur.," 343; Fries, "Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 156; A. and S., 349. Peziza acicularis"Eng. Flo," v. p. 208; Berk., "Outl.," 371; Cooke, Handbk.," No. 2129; Steven., "Myco. Scot.," p. 328. Cudonia Queletii-Fries, “Icon. Select.," fas. vi. ; Quelet, "Champ.," pt. i. p. 380; Gill., " Champ.," p. 23, c. i. Leotia Queletii-Cooke, "Mycogr.," fig. 369.

Exs.-Cooke, “Fung. Brit.," No. 400; Roumg., " Fung. Gal.," 1210.

On decayed stumps of trees, near the ground. Autumn.

Varying from an inch to 1 inch or more high,

white, pallid, or rufescent; the pileus at first plane, with a slight depression in the centre, then convex, the margin sometimes undulating, but generally straight; the stem slender, bent, occasionally branched.

Name-Acicula, a small pin; from its form.

Near Halifax (Bolton). Pophills (Mrs. Rufford). Appin (Capt. Carmichael). Homstock Wood, King's Lynn! (Mr. C. B. Plowright). Attingham Park, Salop! Almond Park, Salop! Ercall Hill, Salop!

Doubtful Species.

Leotia nána-With. (dwarf Leotia). Small; pileus lobed, rugose, white, even beneath, and brown; stem stuffed, cylindrical, white.

Fries, "Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 28; With., iv.
Amongst moss, on a shady bank.

Pendarvis, Cornwall (Mr. Stackhouse).

p. 296.

"Pileus snowy-white, leathery, hard, crumpled and deflected in various forms, smooth and brown underneath, about of an inch over; stem white, solid, smooth, not at all wrinkled, of an inch high, thick as a crow-quill" (With., l. c.).

This was included in Berkeley's “Outlines," but excluded from Cooke's "Handbook." It is placed here on the chance of some plant being discovered answering to the description.

GENUS VI.-MITRULA. Fries.

Receptacle globose or oval, even, immarginate, concrete with the stem; substance fleshy; asci cylindrical, or somewhat clavate; sporidia 8, fusiform, hyaline. (Plate II. fig. 6.)

Small slender plants, of which there are but six species (now that Dr. Cooke has created the genus Leploglossum), four of which are British, and are distinguished from Leotia by having no decided margin to the receptacle, from Leptoglossum by the broader and shorter capitulum, and from Spathularia by the capitulum not being compressed.

On decaying vegetable matter on the ground in damp places. Spring and autumn. Whether edible or not is

unknown.

Name-Diminutive of μírpa, a little mitre.

Three species

1-3

Totally white

KEY TO THE SPECIES.

alba.

paludosa.
cucullata.

Stem paler than the pileus

Stem as dark or darker than the pileus

1. Mitrula cucullata (Batsch). Fries.

Head ovate or conical, even, nearly ferruginous; stem filiform, flexuous, brown, approaching black, glabrous, or tomentose downwards; asci cylindraceo-clavate; sporidia 8, narrowly fusiform, bi- or tri-guttulate, 12 × 3μ; paraphyses filiform.

Elvella cucullata-Batsch., "El.," f. 152. Mitrula cucullata-Fries, "Summa Veg. Scan.," 347; Berk., Outl.," 360; Cooke, "Handbk.," 1951; Karst., "Myco. Fenn.," p. 28; Fckl., "Symb. Myco.," p. 332; Cooke, "Mycogr.," fig. 176; Quelet, "Champ.," pt. 1, p. 378; Gill., "Champ.," p. 27, c. i. Mitrula (Heyderia) abietis— Fries, "Sys. Myco.," i. p. 493. M. Heyderi-Pers., "Disp.," 56, t. 3, f. 12; "Flo. Dan.," t. 1670, f. 2. M. Pusilla-Fries, "Sys. Myco.," i. p. 493. Sys. Myco.," i. p. 493. Leotia mitrula -Pers., "Syn. Fung.," 611;"Myco. Eur.," i. p. 199; A. and S., 295; Grev., "Flo. Edin.," p. 416; "Sc. Crypt. Flo.," t. 81. L. pusilla-Nees," Sys.," p. 173, t. 17, f. 160. Geoglossum cucullatum-Fries, "Elench.," i. 233; "Eng. Flo.," v. 179. Clavaria ferruginea-Sow., t. 84.

Exs.-Desm., "Crypt. Fr.," i. 1155; "Erb. Crit. Ital.," i. 466; Rabh., "Fung. Eur.," 37, 669; Kze. and Schm., 98; Fckl., "F. Rh.," 1237; Wartm. and Sch., 431; Cooke, Fung. Brit.," 233; Berk., "Brit. Fung.," 254; Phil., “Elv. Brit.," No. 53; Karst., "Fung. Fenn.," 447; Roumg., "Fung. Gal.," 713.

On decaying pine-leaves. Autumn.

A small plant, not more than 2 inches high, very slender, gregarious. The head varies in form, being ovate,

globose, subclavate, or conical, of a yellowish red or pale cinnamon colour, and fleshy texture; the stem is rather firm, darker in colour than the head, even, solid, and flexuous.

Name-Cucullus, a hood; from the shape of the

pileus.

Balmuto, Scotland (Miss Boswell). Near Norwich (Sowerby). Bungay (D. Stock). Wiltshire (Mr. C. E. Broome). Castle Rising, Norfolk! (Mr. C. B. Plowright). Joydens Wood (Mr. F. Currey). Linlithgow; Hunslow, Middlesex (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). Wrekin, Salop! Penicuick, near Edinburgh!

2. Mitrula paludosa. Fries.

Head ovate, obtuse, inflated, even, yellow or orange yellow; stem rather slender, straight or flexous, hollow, paler than the head; asci subcylindrical; sporidia 8, nearly fusiform, 12-14 x 3'5μ; paraphyses. filiform. (Plate II. fig. 6.)

Mitrula paludosa-Fries, "Sys. Myco.," i. 491; "Summa Veg. Scan.," 346; "Eng. Bot.," v. p. 180; Berk., "Outl.," p. 360; Cooke, "Handbk.," No. 1952; Huss., Myco.," i. t. 9; Karst., "Myco. Fenn.," p. 28; Fckl., Symb. Myco.," 332; Kickx., “Flo. Flan.," i. 501; Crouan, Flo. Fin.," 58; Cooke, "Mycogr.," fig. 175; Quelet, Champ.," pt. i. p. 378; Gill., “Champ.," p. 27, c. i.; Pat., p. 39, f. 97 (spor. bad). Clavaria phalloides_Bull., Champ.," t. 465, f. 3. C. epiphylla—Dicks., Crypt.," t. 3, f. 10. Leotia Ludwigii-Pers., "Syn. Fung.," t. 3, f. 13. L. Dicksonii, L. Bulliardi, L. laricina-Pers., Syn. Fung.," 612. L. uliginosa Grev., "Sc. Crypt. Flo.," t. 312; Pers., "Myco. Eur.," i. 200.

66

Exs.-Klotzsch, "H. M.,” 238; Desm., “Crypt. Fr.,” i. 606; Rabh., "Herb. Myco.," 132; Fckl., “F. Rh.,” 1236; Berk., "Brit. Fung.," 278; Phil., “Elv. Brit.," 2; Karst., "Fung. Fenn.," 24; Winter, "Fungi Eur.," 2844; Rehm., "Asco.," 601; Ellis, "N. A. Fungi," 433.

On decaying leaves in wet places. autumn. Qualities unknown.

Spring to