meous; stem enlarged upwards, stuffed, then hollow, smooth, often here and there irregularly lacunose, pallid, slightly villous; asci cylindrical; sporidia 8, elliptic, 23-25 × 12μ; paraphyses clavate at the apices, brown.

Helvella infula-Schæff., t. 159; Pers., "Syn. Fung.,” f. 617; A. and S., p. 300; Karst., "Myco. Fenn.,” p. 34; Fries, "Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 17 (part); Barla, t. 43, f. 14-16 Lenz, f. 61; Quelet, " Champ.," pt. i. p. 383; "Scott. Nat.,'

vi. 122.

Exs.-Karst., "Fung. Fenn.," 445; "Erb. Crit. Ital.," i. 330; Roumg., "Fung. Gal.," 1208. Phil., “Elv. Brit.," 151. On the ground in woods. Autumn.

The Brandon specimens were very variable in form and size: pileus sometimes nearly globose, bullate, and wrinkled, at others expanded, and unequally lobed at the margin; the stem attenuated upwards or in the centre; varying in height from 3 to 7 inches; the paraphyses branched, septate, pyriform at the apices; sporidia furnished with two large guttulæ, 18-22 × 8μ. Probably esculent.

Name-Infula, fillet; from the shape of the pileus. Rothimurchus, Scotland, and Brandon, Norfolk! (Mr. C. B. Plowright).

6. Helvella monachella. Fries.

Pileus deflexed, lobate, adnate, even, subspadiceous; stem hollow, even, glabrous, white; asci cylindrical; sporidia 8, elliptic, 18 × 10μ; paraphyses clavate, and brown apices.

Helvella monachella-Fries, "Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 18 Kromb., t. xix. f. 22-26; Lenz, fig. 62; Cooke, "Mycogr., fig. 335; Quelet, " Champ.," pt. i. p. 383; Gill., “Champ.,' p. 10, c. i. M. monacella-" Port. Hist.," x. c. 70. Fungoides-Mich., "Gen.," t. 86, f. 8. Boletus albus— Batt., t. 2, f. H. Phallus monachella-Scop., p. 476. B. Helvella spadicea-Schaeff., t. 283; Pers.," Comm.," p. 113. H. grandis-Cum., "Act. Tur.," t. 2.

Exs.-Thum., "Fung. Aus.," No. 11.

On sandy ground in mountain woods. Spring and autumn. Esculent (?).

Nearest to the preceding, but well distinguished by the adduced forms and vernal growth. Stem 1 to 2 inches long, attenuated upwards, scarcely an inch thick; at first round, then subcompressed, marked towards the base by a lacuna. Pileus at length crisped and undulate; variable in colour-brown spadiceous, violaceous, nigresceous, etc. (Fries, l. c.).

Name-Monachus, a monk; diminutive.

Old Roar Wood, St. Leonard's (Mr. F. Currey, in "Kew Herb.").

7. Helvella guepinioides. Berk. and Cooke.

Pileus entire, deflexed, free, ochraceous; stem elongated, equal, even, hollow, whitish; asci cylindrical; sporidia 8, elliptic, 20 × 11μ; paraphyses clavate at the apices.

Helvella guepinioides. Berk. and Cooke in "Herb Berk."; "Mycogr.," fig. 337; Gill., " Champ.,” p. 12, c. i. On the ground. Edible (?).

"A very singular species, resembling a Guepinia; hence the name " (Cooke).

Name-Guepinia, a genus of fungi, sidoç, likeness ; Guepinia-like.

C. STEM SLENDER, EVEN.

(a) Externally pruinose, furfuraceous, or glabrous. 8. Helvella elastica. Bull.

Pileus free, even, inflated, at length acutely lobed; stem elongated, slender, attenuated upwards, pruinose; asci cylindrical; sporidia 8, elliptic, 20 × 10—11μ; paraphyses filiform, slightly enlarged above.

Helvella elastica-Bull., "Champ.," p. 289, t. 242; Fries, "Sys. Myco.," ii. 21; Cooke, "Handbk.," No. 1947; Mycogr.," fig. 163; Kromb., t. 21, f. 21; Karst., "Myco. Fenn.," p. 35; Fckl., "Symb. Myco.," p. 333; Quelet,

Champ.," pt. i. p. 384; Gill., “ Champ.," p. 13, c. i.; Pat., p. 40, f. 100. H. lævis-Berg., " Phyt.,” t. 149. a. albida H. albida-Pers. "Syn. Fung.," p. 616; "Obs. Myco.," i. p. 71; Schum., "Saell.," ii. p. 411. b. pallide fuliginea. H. fuliginosa Dicks., "Crypt.," ii. p. 25; Sow., t. 154; With., "Arr.," iv. p. 341; Schæff., t. 220. c. fuscaBull., l. c.

Exs.-"Erb. Crit. Ital.," 233; Desm., " Crypt., Fr.,” i. 425; Berk., "Brit. Fung.," 266; Cooke, "Fung. Brit.," i. 233; Fckl., “F. Rh.,” 137.

Slender, 3 to 4 inches high, elastic, pellucid. Stem when young stuffed, becoming fistulose, base incrassated, often irregularly lacunose. Pileus hardly an inch broad, 2 to 3 lobed, frequently orbicular (Fries, l. c.).

Much resembling in some of its forms Peziza macropus. On the ground in moist places in shady woods. Summer and autumn.

Name From the French elastique. Near Halifax (Bolton). Birdbrooke, Essex (Mr. T. Walford). Madingley (Relham). Hirsel Woods, Berwickshire (Miss Bell). Ragley Woods, near Pophills, Alcester (Purton). Bungay (D. Stock). Milton, Northamptonshire; Reading; Coed Coch, North Wales; Linlithgow (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). Moncreiffe, Scotland (Rev. J. Stevenson). Rackheath and Colney, Norfolk (Mr. C. B. Plowright). Epping Forest (Dr. M. C. Cooke). Haw Wood, near Bristol (Mr. C. Bucknall). Blackford Bridge, Cumberland (Dr. Carlyle). Woods near Hereford! Wrekin, Salop! Sufton Court! Forrest Walk, Dolgelly! Bomere, near Shrewsbury!

9. Helvella atra. König.

Fuliginous-black; pileus deflexed, adpressed on both sides, free, even beneath; stem stuffed, furfuraceo-villous; asci cylindrical; sporidia 8, elliptic, 17 × 8μ; paraphyses slightly thickened at the apices.

Helvella atra-König., "Zoega. Flo. Isl.," 20; Fries, "Sys. Myco.," ii. 19; Holms., "Ot.," ii. t. 25; Kromb.,

"Schw.," t. 21, f. 18-20; Cooke, "Mycogr.," f. 167; "Grevillea," vi. p. 127; Quelet, "Champ.," pt. i. p. 384; Gill., "Champ.," p. 11, c. i. Helvella nigrescens-Pers., "Syn. Fung.,” p. 617; "Obs. Myco.," i. 71. Elvela atra "Flo. Dan.," t. 534, f. 1.

Exs.-Rabh., "Fung. Eur.," 236; Fckl., “ F. Rh.,” 1238.
In moist woods. Summer and autumn.

Solitary, small, similar to H. infula. Stem 1 to 2 inches long, 1 to 2 lines thick, somewhat terete, even or irregularly lacunose, black, olivaceo-cinereous at the base: Pileus deflexed even from the first, not pezizoide (as in H. Pezizoides), compressed, margin forming two lobes, even, becoming slightly repand underneath, and when dry approaching an ashy grey (Fries, l. c.).

Name Ater, black; from the black pileus.

Aviemor, Loch Killein, and Loch Laggan, Scotland (Dr. B. White).

10. Helvella pulla. Holms.

Pileus deflexed, free, lobed, undulated, fuliginous, underneath and also the middle of the stem nearly naked; asci cylindrical; sporidia 8, broadly elliptic, 16-18 x 13μ; paraphyses thickened above.

Helvella pulla-Holms., t. 26; Fries, "Sys. Myco.," ii. 20; Cooke, "Mycogr.," fig. 338. H. cinerea—Vill. 'Delph.," p. 1045. Fungoides pullum-Mich., “Gen.,” t. 86, f. 9.

On moist ground in woods; sometimes on old rotting trunks of trees. Summer and autumn. Esculent (?).

Medium size. Stem 2 inches long or a little more, terete, somewhat undulated, stuffed, but at length as usual fistulose, fuliginous, base often irregularly lacunose. Pileus 1 to 1 inches broad, lobes deflexed, kidneyshaped, broadly emarginate, when young even, compressed; at length inflated and more undulated than most of the Pezizoidea (Fries, l. c.).

Name-Pullus, blackish; from the blackish pileus.
King's Lynn! (Mr. C. B. Plowright).

C

Pileus nearly two-lobed, deflexed, membranaceous, even, opaque, brown, margin repand, even beneath, and yellowish; stem slender, subcylindrical, pale yellow, clear white within; asci cylindrical; sporidia 8, elliptic, uniguttulate, 12—14 × 6μ; paraphyses clavate, with brown apices.

Helvella Klotzschiana--Corda in Sturm., "Flo.,” iii. t. 57; Cooke, "Mycogr.," fig. 168; "Grevillea,” x. p. 51. Helvella elastica-Rabh., " Fung. Eur.," No. 130.

130.

Exs.-"Erb. Crit. Ital.," i. 137; Rabh., "Fung. Eur.,'

دو

Easily known by the yellow stem and under side of the pileus.

Name-After J. H. Klotzsch.

In the Fernery, Coed Coch, North Wales (Mrs. Lloyd Wynn).

(b) Externally villose.

12. Helvella ephippium. Lev.

Pileus deflexed, two to three lobed, free, cinereous, villose beneath; stem cylindrical, even, villose, stuffed; asci cylindrical; sporidia 8, elliptic, 18 x 10μ; paraphyses thickened and filled with brown granules in the upper part.

66

دو

Helvella ephippium-Lev., "Ann. Sc. Nat.," 1841, p. 240, t. 16, f. 7; B. and Br., "Ann. Nat. Hist.," No. 552, Cooke, Handbk." No. 1948; "Myeogr., fig. 169; Gill., “Champ.," p. 13, c. i.; Pat., p. 168, f. 370. Exs.-Winter, "Fungi Eur.," 1907.

.

Gregarious; smaller than most of the species, rarely exceeding 1 inch high; somewhat resembling H. elastica in a young state, but more velvety on the stem and under side of the pileus.

On the ground in woods. Summer and autumn. Esculent (?).