Judicial power of the United States. The judges of the Supreme and inferior courts
shall hold their offices during good behavior.

Their compensation shall not be diminished during their continuance in office
It shall extend to all cases in law and equity arising under the Constitution, laws, and
treaties of the United States. ...

To all cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers, and consuls.

To all cases of admiralty and maritime jurisdiction.

To controversies to which the United States shall be a party

To controversies between two or more States

To controversies between a State and citizens of another State

To controversies between citizens of different States.

To citizens of the same State claiming lands under grants of different States.

To controversies between a State or its citizens and foreign states, citizens, or subjects.
In all cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls, and those in which
a State shall be a party, the Supreme Court shall have original jurisdiction
In all other cases before mentioned, it shall have appellate jurisdiction, both as to law
and fact, with such exceptions and under such regulations as Congress shall make.
The trial of all crimes, except in cases of impeachment, shall be by jury.
The trial shall be held in the State where the crimes shall have been committed
But when not committed in a State, the trial shall be at such place or places as Congress
may by law have directed.

The judicial power of the United States shall not be held to extend to any suit in law or
equity commenced or prosecuted against one of the United States by citizens of another
State, or by citizens or subjects of any foreign State. [Amendments].

Judicial proceedings of every other State. Full faith and credit shall be given in each State to the acts, records, and.

Congress shall prescribe the manner of proving such acts, records, and proceedings. Judicial and executive officers of the United States and of the several States shall be bound by an oath to support the Constitution.

Judiciary. The Supreme Court shall have original jurisdiction in all cases affecting ambas
sadors, other public ministers and consuls, and those in which a State may be a party.
The Supreme Court shall have appellate jurisdiction both as to law and fact, with such
exceptions and regulations as Congress may make.

Junction of two or more States or parts of States without the consent of the legislatures and of
Congress. No State shall be formed by the.

Jurisdiction of another State. No new State shall, without the consent of Congress, be formed
or erected within the.

In all criminal prosecutions the accused shall have a speedy and public trial by. [Amend-
ments]. . . . .

18

All suits at common law, where the value exceeds twenty dollars, shall be tried by.
[Amendments].

Where a fact has been tried by a jury it shall not be re-examined except by the rules of
the common law. [Amendments].

Just compensation. Private property shall not be taken for public use without. [Amendments].

Justice, insure domestic tranquility, etc. To establish. [Preamble].

7

Jurisdiction, both as to law and fact, with such exceptions and under such regulations as Congress may make. The Supreme Court shall have appellate.

Jurisdiction. In all cases affecting ambassadors and other public ministers and consuls, and in cases where a State is a party, the Supreme Court shall have original.

Jury. The trial of all crimes, except in cases of impeachment, shall be by

L.

Labor, in one State escaping into another State shall be delivered up to the party to whom
such service or labor may be due. Fugitives from service or . . .
Land and naval forces. Congress shall make rules for the government and regulation of the
Law and fact, with exceptions and under regulations to be made by Congress. The Supreme
Court shall have appellate jurisdiction as to.

Law of the land. The Constitution, the laws made in pursuance thereof, and treaties of the
United States, shall be the supreme.

The judges in every State shall be bound thereby

6

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16

Law of nations. Congress shall provide for punishing offenses against the

Laws. Congress shall provide for calling forth the militia to suppress insurrection, repel invasion, and to execute the

Laws and treaties of the United States. The judicial power shall extend to all cases in law and equity arising under the Constitution, or the.

Laws necessary to carry into execution the powers vested in the government, or in any
department or officer of the United States. Congress shall make all .
Legal tender in payment of debts. No State shall make anything but gold and silver coin a
Legislation in all cases over such district as may become the seat of government. Congress
shall exercise exclusive.

Over all places purchased for the erection of forts, magazines, arsenals, dock-yards, and
other needful buildings. Congress shall exercise exclusive.

Legislation. Congress shall have power to make all laws necessary and proper for carrying into execution all the powers vested by the Constitution in the Government of the United States, or in any department or officer thereof.

Congress shall have power to enforce article xiii, prohibiting slavery, by appropriate. [Amendments].

Congress shall have power to enforce the fourteenth amendment by appropriate. [Amendments]

Congress shall have power to enforce the fifteenth amendment by appropriate. [Amendments]

Legislative powers herein granted shall be vested in Congress. All.

Legislature, or the Executive (when the legislature cannot be convened). The United States shall protect each State against invasion and domestic violence, on the application of the.

Legislatures of two-thirds of the States, Congress shall call a convention for proposing amendments to the Constitution. On the application of the

Letters of marque and reprisal. Congress shall have power to grant

No State shall grant

Liberty to ourselves and our posterity, &c. T secure the blessings of. [Preamble].
Life, liberty, and property without due process of law. No person shall be compelled in any
criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of. [Amendments).
No State shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States, nor
deprive any person of. [Amendments].

Life or limb for the same offense. No person shall be twice put in jeopardy of. [Amend-
ments]

Loss or emancipation of any slave shall be held illegal and void. Claims for the. [Amendments]

M.

Magazines, arsenals, dock-yards, and other needful buildings. Congress shall have exclusive
authority over all places purchased for the erection of.
Majority of each House shall constitute a quorum to do business.

Α

But a smaller number may adjourn from day to day and may be authorized to compel the attendance of absent members

Majority of all the States shall be necessary to a choice. When the choice of a President shall devolve on the House of Representatives, a quorum shall consist of a member or members from two-thirds of the States; but a. [Amendments]

When the choice of a Vice-President shall devolve on the Senate, a quorum shall con-
sist of two-thirds of the whole number of Senators, and a majority of the whole num-
ber shall be necessary to a choice. [Amendments]

Maritime jurisdiction. The judicial power shall extend to all cases of admiralty and
Marque and reprisal. Congress shall have power to grant letters of .

Meeting of Congress. The Congress shall assemble at least once in every year, and such meeting shall be on the first Monday in December, unless they shall by law appoint a different day

Members of Congress and of State legislatures shall be bound by oath or affirmation to support the Constitution

Militia to execute the laws, suppress insurrections, and repel invasions. Congress shall provide for calling forth the

I

Congress shall provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining the Militia to execute the laws, suppress insurrections, and repel invasions. Congress shall provide for governing such part of them as may be employed by the United States Reserving to the States the appointment of the officers and the right to train the militia according to the discipline prescribed by Congress

1

A well-regulated militia being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed. [Amendments] Misdemeanors. The President, Vice-President, and all civil officers shall be removed on

impeachment for and conviction of treason, bribery, or other high crimes and.

Money on the credit of the United States. Congress shall have power to borrow

Regulate the value thereof and of foreign coin. Congress shall have power to coin.
Shall be drawn from the Treasury but in consequence of appropriations made by law. No.
Shall be published from time to time. A regular statement and account of receipts and
expenditures of public

257

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For raising and supporting armies. No appropriation of money shall be for a longer term than two years

N.

Nations. Congress shall have power to regulate commerce with foreign.
Congress shall provide for punishing offences against the law of
Natural-born citizen, or a citizen at the adoption of the Constitution, shall be eligible to the
office of President. No person except a

Naturalization. Congress shall have power to establish a uniform rule of
Naturalized in the United States, and subject to their jurisdiction, shall be citizens of the
United States and of the States in which they reside. All persons born, or. [Amend-
ments]

Navy. Congress shall have power to provide and maintain a

New Hampshire entitled to three Representatives in the first Congress

Naval forces. Congress shall make rules and regulations for the government and regulation of the land and.

But no new State shall be formed within the jurisdiction of another State without the
consent of Congress

Nor shall any State be formed by the junction of two or more States or parts of States,
without the consent of the legislatures and of Congress.

New York entitled to six Representatives in the first Congress
Nobility shall be granted by the United States. No title of

No State shall grant any title of .

Nominations for office by the President. The President shall nominate, and, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, shall appoint ambassadors and other public officers. He may grant commissions to fill vacancies that happen in the recess of the Senate, which shall expire at the end of their next session

North Carolina entitled to five Representatives in the first Congress

Number of electors for President and Vice-President in each State shall be equal to the number of Senators and Representatives to which such State may be entitled in Congress.

Oath or affirmation to support the Constitution. Senators and Representatives, members of State legislatures, executive and judicial officers of the United States and of the several States, shall be bound by

But no religious test shall ever be required as a qualification for office.

The Senators when sitting to try impeachment shall be on

Objections. If he shall not approve it, the President shall return the bill to the House in which it originated with his

Obligation of contracts. No State shall pass any ex post facto law, or law impairing the. Obligations incurred in aid of insurrection or rebellion against the United States to be held illegal and void. All debts or. [Amendments].

Offense. No person shall be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb for the same. [Amendments]

Offenses against the law of nations. Congress shall provide for punishing .

Against the United States, except in cases of impeachment. The President may grant reprieves or pardons for Office under the United States. No person shall be a member of either House while holding any civil.

No Senator or Representative shall be appointed to any office under the United States
which shall have been created, or its emoluments increased, during the term for which
he is elected

Or title of any kind from any king, prince, or foreign State, without the consent of Con-
gress. No person holding any office under the United States shall accept of any pres-
ent, emolument

Office of President, in case of his removal, death, resignation, or inability, shall devolve on the
Vice-President. The powers and duties of the.

During the term of four years. The President and Vice-President shall hold

Of trust or profit under the United States shall be an elector for President and Vice-
President. No person holding an

Civil or military under the United States, or any State, who had taken an oath as a legisla-
tive, executive, or judicial officer of the United States, or of any State, and afterward
engaged in insurrection or rebellion. No person shall be a Senator, Representative, or
Presidential elector, or hold any. [Amendments] .

Officers in the President alone, in the courts of law, or in the heads of Departments. Congress
may vest the appointment of inferior..

Of the United States shall be removed on impeachment for and conviction of treason,
bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanors. The President, Vice-President, and
all civil

The House of Representatives shall choose their Speaker and other.

The Senate, in the absence of the Vice-President, shall choose a President pro tempore,
and also their other

Offices becoming vacant in the recess of the Senate may be filled by the President, the commissions to expire at the end of the next session

One-fifth of the members present, be entered on the journal of each House. The yeas and nays shall, at the desire of

Opinion of the principal officers in each of the Executive Departments on any subject relating to their duties. The President may require the written

Order, resolution, or vote (except on a question of adjournment) requiring the concurrence of the two Houses, shall be presented to the President. Every

Original jurisdiction, in all cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers, and consuls,
and in which a State may be a party. The Supreme Court shall have.
Overt act, or on confession in open court. Conviction of treason shall be on the testimony of two
witnesses to the

P.

Pardons, except in cases of impeachment. The President may grant reprieves and
Patent rights to inventors. Congress may pass laws for securing

Peace. Members of Congress shall not be privileged from arrest for treason, felony, and breach
of the .

No State shall, without the consent of Congress, keep troops or ships of war in time of. No soldier shall be quartered in any house without the consent of the owner in time of. [Amendments]

Pensions and bounties shall not be questioned. The validity of the public debt incurred in suppressing insurrection and rebellion against the United States, including the debt for. [Amendments]

Pennsylvania entitled to eight Representatives in the first Congress.

People, peaceably to assemble and petition for redress of grievances, shall not be abridged by
Congress. The right of the. [Amendments]

To keep and bear arms shall not be infringed. A well-regulated militia being necessary to
the security of a free State, the right of the. [Amendments].

To be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures shall not be violated. The right of the. [Amendments].

People. The enumeration of certain rights in the Constitution shall not be held to deny or disparage others retained by the. [Amendments].

People. Powers not delegated to the United States, nor prohibited to the States, are reserved to the States or to the. [Amendments] .

Perfect Union, &c. To establish a more. [Preamble].

7

Persons, houses, papers, and effects against unreasonable searches and seizures. The people shall be secured in their. [Amendments].

18

migration or importation of such

Persons, as any State may think proper to admit, shall not be prohibited prior to 1808.

But a tax or duty of ten dollars shall be imposed on the importation of each of such Petition for the redress of grievances. Congress shall make no law abridging the right of the people peaceably to assemble and to. [Amendments].

Piracies and felonies committed on the high seas. Congress shall define and punish
Place than that in which the two Houses shall be sitting. Neither House during the session
shall, without the consent of the other, adjourn for more than three days, nor to any
other

Places of choosing Senators. Congress may by law make or alter regulations for the election of
Senators and Representatives, except as to the

Ports of one State over those of another. Preference shall not be given by any regulation of commerce or revenue to the

Powers herein granted shall be vested in Congress. All legislative

I

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7

Powers vested by the Constitution in the Government or in any Department or officer of the
United States. Congress shall make all laws necessary to carry into execution the.
Powers and duties of the office shall devolve on the Vice-President, on the removal, death, re-
signation, or inability of the President. The.

Powers not delegated to the United States nor prohibited to the States are reserved to the States and to the people. [Amendments].

The enumeration of certain rights in this Constitution shall not be held to deny or disparage others retained by the people. [Amendments].

Preference, by any regulation of commerce or revenue, shall not be given to the ports of one
State over those of another.

Prejudice any claims of the United States or of any particular State in the territory or prop-
erty of the United States. Nothing in this Constitution shall.

Present, emolument, office, or title of any kind whatever from any king, prince, or foreign State. No person holding any office under the United States shall, without the consent of Congress, accept any.

Presentment or indictment of a grand jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces,
or in the militia when in actual service. No person shall be held to answer for a capital
or otherwise infamous crime unless on a. [Amendments].

President of the United States. The Senate shall choose a President pro tempore when the
Vice-President shall exercise the office of.

The Chief Justice shall preside upon the trial of the.

Shall approve and sign all bills passed by Congress before they shall become laws.
Shall return to the House in which it originated, with his objections, any bill which he
shall not approve.

If not returned within ten days (Sundays excepted), it shall become a law, unless Congress shall adjourn before the expiration of that time.

Every order, resolution, or vote which requires the concurrence of both Houses, except on a question of adjournment, shall be presented to the.

I

If disapproved by him, shall be returned and proceeded on as in the case of a bill.
The executive power shall be vested in a..

I

2

President of the United States. He shall hold his office during the term of four years.
In case of the removal of the President from office, or of his death, resignation, or
inability to discharge the duties of his office, the Vice-President shall perform the
duties of.

Congress may declare. by law, in the case of the removal, death, resignation, or inability
of the President, what officer shall act as . .

The President shall receive a compensation which shall not be increased nor diminished
during his term, nor shall he receive any other emolument from the United States.
Before he enters upon the execution of his office he shall take an oath of office.
Shall be commander-in-chief of the Army and Navy and of the militia of the States
when called into actual service.

He may require the opinion, in writing, of the principal officer in each of the Executive
Departments..

He may grant reprieves or pardons for offenses, except in cases of impeachment.
He may make treaties by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, two-thirds of
the Senators present concurring

He may appoint, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, ambassadors, other
public ministers and consuls, judges of the Supreme Court, and all other officers whose
appointments may be authorized by law and not herein provided for.
Congress may vest the appointment of inferior officers in the

He may fill up all vacancies that may happen in the recess of the Senate by commissions
which shall expire at the end of their next session.

He shall give information to Congress of the state of the Union, and recommend

measures..

gress.

On extraordinary occasions he may convene both Houses or either House of Con

In case of disagreement between the two Houses as to the time of adjournment, he may adjourn them to such time as he may think proper.

On impeachment for, and conviction of, treason, bribery, or other high crimes and misde-
meanors, shall be removed from office. The.

No
person except a natural-born citizen, or a citizen of the United States at the adoption
of the Constitution, shall be eligible to the office of.

No person who shall not have attained the age of thirty-five years and been fourteen
years a citizen of the United States shall be eligible to the office of.

President and Vice-President Manner of choosing. Each State, by its legislature, shall appoint a number of electors equal to the whole number of Senators and Representatives to which the State may be entitled in the Congress.

No Senator or Represenative or person holding an office of trust or profit under the

United States shall be an elector.

Congress may determine the time of choosing the electors and the day on which they
shall give their votes, which day shall be the same throughout the United States.
The electors shall meet in their respective States and vote by ballot for President and
Vice-President, one of whom, at least, shall not be an inhabitant of the same State
with themselves. [Amendments].

They shall name in distinct ballots the person voted for as President and the person voted
for as Vice-President. [Amendments]. .

They shall make distinct lists of the persons voted for as President and as Vice-President, which they shall sign and certify and transmit sealed to the President of the Senate at the seat of government. [Amendments].

The President of the Senate shall, in the presence of the Senate and House of Repre-
sentatives, open all the certificates, and the votes shall then be counted. [Amend-
ments].

The person having the greatest number of votes shall be the President, if such number be
a majority of the whole number of electors appointed. [Amendments].
If no person have such majority, then from the persons having the highest numbers, not
exceeding three, on the list of those voted for as President, the House of Representa-
tives shall choose immediately, by ballot, the President. [Amendments].
In choosing the President, the votes shall be taken by States, the representation from each
State having one vote. [Amendments].

A quorum for this purpose shall consist of a member or members from two-thirds of
the States, and a majority of all the States shall be necessary to a choice. [Amend-
ments]

But if no choice shall be made before the 4th of March next following, then the Vice-Pres-
ident shall act as President, as in the case of the death or disability of the President.
[Amendments]

President of the Senate, but shall have no vote unless the Senate be equally divided. The
Vice-President shall be.

President pro tempore. In the absence of the Vice-President the Senate shall choose a

When the Vice-President shall exercise the office of President of the United States, the
Senate shall choose a . . . .

Press. Congress shall pass no law abridging the freedom of speech or of the. [Amend-
ments]

Previous condition of servitude. The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States, or by any State, on account of race, color, or. [Amendments].

Private property shall not be taken for public use without just compensation. [Amendments].