Ingredients of inference in the perception of colour as objective. 12 ESSAY IV. Attempt at defining the problem of Belief :— - Difficulties in the way of a scientific treatment of belief Belief may be conceived either as derived from more elementary states of mind, or as dependent on certain mental conditions Is belief resolvable into Association? . Or into Active impulse? Theory of Professor Bain Criticism of this theory:- (1) Belief is not involved in activity (2) And may be found in the absence of active impulse 73 The real problem of belief refers to its conditions or antecedents, (A) Intellectual conditions of belief:— These involve materials of experience, namely, Sensations. I. The primitive form of belief to be found in the transition from (b) Higher stage of belief:-the idea assumes the form of an ad- This process illustrated in the case of a revival of an idea through an association of contiguity with a present sensa- In that of a revival of an idea through a link of resemblance (b) Genesis of distinct Recollection Mental conditions of the two processes; M. Taine's theory III. Tendency of belief to diverge from experience Changes of organic structure in the idea which favour this dis- 99 (B) Emotional conditions of belief :- I. Influence of emotion on belief, as determined by the action of feel- ing on the ideas. This involves an intensification of idea, and a certain selective control of the ideas Illustrations of this double process. Influence of feeling on idea :- (b) In the recollection of a sensation (c) In emotions which attach themselves to definite objects II. Influence of feeling on belief as determined by the strength of an Emotional cast of the individual mind serves to determine the ac- (C) Volitional conditions of belief:- I. Influence of spontaneous activity in sustaining belief and in II. Influence of habits of conduct on belief PAGE The Psychological aspect of the doctrine of Free-will distinguished Definition of the doctrine (A) Hypothesis as to the primitive conceptions of volition. Looked at objectively, volition was distinguished by its apparent spon- How this conception came to be mixed up with that of freedom. (B) The conception of volition involved in the Theologic Dogma of Freedom. (C) The modern Speculative Doctrine of Free-will. I. Intellectual sources of the belief. Processes by which the belief in an abstract power of undetermined volition arose-The tendency to give objective reality to men- (b) Influence of active impulse on the conception of future volition the idea of an undetermined will IV. Forms of Language which give colour to the idea of spontaneity 137 (a) Expressions which are incomplete (b) Modes of speech which serve not as statements of a truth, but as Are there moral elements in religious self-culture which are of indepen- Possible objections to a theory of internal self-discipline The essential idea in this self-culture Intellectual processes in moral self-culture. (a) Vividness and clearness of the moral idea. (b) Persistence of the moral idea as a constant recollection (c) Rational amplification of the moral idea. Mode in which these intellectual operations subserve the external moral life. (b) Reflex effect of free expression on the moral sentiment . Question whether there is any uniform relation between internal feel- The cultivation of moral feeling always involves an element of voli- Relation of this moral self-culture to the relative and empirical conception of (d) It supplies a clear rationale of emotional self-culture Three orders of impression derivable from music, the sensuous, the in- Peculiar interest belonging to the study of the physiological conditions Subjective analysis of musical sensations. Musical sensations resolvable into tones, and their combinations in Peculiar nature of the feeling of musical concord Transformation of this theory by the discoveries of Helmholtz. PAGE 163 Theory of Helmholtz respecting the composite nature of clang: par- Bearing of these upper-tones on harmony: discord due to shocks or The theory of upper-tones applied to the explanation of the pleasure of Conclusions deducible from Helmholtz's theory: (a) Sensations of tone or clang are not ultimate feelings. The The negative and positive basis of harmony, as thus defined This theory excludes all hypotheses of occult activities of the spiritual substance in the perception of harmony. Theories of Yet it recognises the presence of phenomenal psychical activity in the feeling of harmony. The mystery of harmony. (c) The theory of upper-tones raises the pleasure of melody to the rank of a proper æsthetic appreciation of unity in variety How far physiological explanations exhaust the phenomenon of the Contrast between the immediate pleasure of tonic stimulation and the Analytical inquiry. The several elements of Musical Form. (A) The property of Measure or Time. 189 (b) As exhibited in polyphonic combination of different series. 191 II. The predominance of a certain number of units. The musical III. On absolute Time as a property of music (B) The quality of Emphasis or Accent as an ingredient in musical The geometric aspects of music Tonic Rhythm as a result of Time, distribution of Accent, and arrangement of Height and Direction of tones Law of affinity between harmonies: the progression of chords Effect of musical culture on the anticipation of harmony: the Reciprocal influences of Melody and Harmony :- (b) The addition of clearness and richness to melody by har- Synthetical inquiry. The co-ordinations of the elements of musical form in the various styles of Composition. (A) Principles of Musical Structure:- Two modes of compounding these units-the method of Parallel- Successive and simultaneous combinations of Theme and Counter- (B) Various forms of Musical Structure. (a) The several modes of Melodic or Homophonic structure: the Simple or Recurring Song, the Recitative, the Aria, the (b) The several modes of Polyphonic and Harmonic Structure: |