of this illuftrious father. His own engagements not permiting him, he prevailed with de la Rue, whofe abilities and learning he knew to be very fufficient for the work, to undertake it and accordingly two volumes were published by him, in 1733, folio, with proper prefaces and useful notes. A third volume was ready for the prefs, when de la Rue died in 1739; and though it was published afterwards, yet the edition of Origen was not quite compleated, fome remaining pieces, together with the Origeniana of Huetius, being intended for a fourth volume.

tom. II.

RUINART (THIERRY) a French theologian, was born at Rheims in 1657, and became a Benedictine monk in 1674. He ftudied the fcriptures, the fathers and ecclefi-, Niceron, aftic writers, in fo mafterly a way, that the learned Mabillon chofe him for a companion in his literary labours. He fhewed himself not unworthy of the good opinion Mabillon had conceived of him, when he published in 1689, Acta Primorum Martyrum Sincera, &c. 4to. meaning the martyrs of the four first centuries. In a preface to this work, he endeavours to refute a notion, which our learned Dodwell had advanced in a piece de paucitate martyrum, inferted among his Differtationes Cyprianicæ. A new edition of this work, with alterations and additions, was printed in 1713, folio. Ruinart published other learned works, and affisted Mabillon, whom he furvived, and whofe life he wrote, in the publication of the acts of the faints, and annals of their order. He gave also an edition of the works of Gregory of Tours, at Paris 1699, in folio. When Mabillon died in 1707, he was appointed to continue the work, he had jointly labored with him; upon which he travelled to Champagne, in queft of new memoirs, but died, while he was out, in 1709.

RUSHWORTH (JOHN) an English gentleman, and author of useful Historical Collections, was of an ancient family, and born in Northumberland about the year 1607, Wood's Athen, Oxon. Towards the end of James Ift's reign, he was a student in v. II. p.846. the university of Oxford; but left it foon, and entered him- edit. 1721. felf of Lincoln's Inn, where he became a barrifter. But his

humour

humour leading him more to ftate-affairs than the common law, he began early to take, in characters or short-hand, fpeeches and paffages at conferences in parliament, and from the king's own mouth what he spake to both houses; and was upon the ftage continually an eye and ear witness of the greatest tranfactions. He did alfo perfonally attend and obferve all occurrences of moment, during eleven years interval of parliament from 1630 to 1640, in the ftar chamber, court of honour, and exchequer chamber, when all the judges of England met there upon extraordinary cafes; and at the council table, when great caufes were tried before the king and council. And when matters were agitated at a great distance, he was there alfo; and went on purpose out of curiofity to see and obferve what was doing, at the camp at Berwick, at the fight at Newborn, at the treaty at Rippon, and at the great council at York.

In 1640, he was chofen an affiftant to Henry Elfynge, efq; clerk of the house of commons; by which means he became acquainted with the debates in the house, and privy to their proceedings. The house reposed such confidence in him, that they entrusted him with their weightiest affairs; particularly, in conveying meffages and addreffes to the king while at York: between which place and London, though 150 computed miles, he is faid to have rode frequently in twentyfour hours. In 1643, he took the covenant; and, when fir Thomas Fairfax, who was his near relation, was appointed general of the parliament-forces, he was made his fecretary in which office he did great fervices to his mafter. In 1649, attending lord Fairfax to Oxford, he was created mafter of arts, as a member of Queen's college; and at the same time was made one of the delegates, to take into confideration the affairs, depending between the citizens of Oxford and the members of that univerfity. Upon lord Fairfax's laying down his commiffion of general, Mr. Rushworth went and refided for fome time in Lincoln's Inn; and being in much efteem with the prevailing powers, he was appointed one of the committee in January 1651-2, to consult about the reformation of the common law. In 1658, he was chosen one of the burgeffes for Berwick upon Tweed, to ferve in the protector Richard's parliament: and was

again chofen for the fame place in the healing parliament, which met April the 25th, 1660.

After the restoration he prefented to the king several of the privy council's books, which he had preserved from ruin during the late distractions; but does not appear to have re-, ceived any other reward than thanks, which was given him by the clerk of the council in his majesty's name. Sir Orlando, Bridgman, lord keeper of the great seal, appointed him his se-, cretary in 1677, and continued him in that office, as long as he kept the feals. In 1678, he was a third time elected, burgefs for Berwick, as he was in the fucceeding parliament in. 1679, and afterwards for the Oxford parliament. Upon the diffolution of this, he lived in the utmost retirement and obfcu-. rity in Westminster. He had had many opportunities of en-, riching himself, at least of obtaining a comfortable fubfiftence; but, either thro' carelessness or extravagance, he never became mafter of any confiderable poffeffions. At length being arrefted for debt, he was committed to the King's Bench prifon in Southwark, where he dragged on the laft fix years of his life in a miferable condition; having greatly loft the ufe of his understanding and memory, partly by age, and partly by drinking strong liquors to keep up his fpirits. Death released him the 12th of May, 1690. He had feveral daughters, one of whom was married to Sir Francis Vane.

His Hiftorical Collections of private Paffages in State, "weighty Matters in Law, remarkable Proceedings in parlia"ment," were publifhed at different times, in folio. The first part, from the year 1618 to 1629, was published in 1659. The copy had been prefented to Oliver Cromwell, when he was protector; but he, having no leifure to perufe it, recommended it to Mr. Whitelock, who running it over made fome alterations and additions. The fecond part appeared in 1680, the third in 1692; and the fourth and laft, which extends to the year 1648, in 1701. All the feven volumes were reprinted together in 1721, and the trial of the earl of Stafford, which makes the whole eight volumes. This work has been highly extolled by fome, and as much condemned by others. All, who have been averfe to king Charles I. and his measures, have highly extolled it; all, who have been favorers of that king and his caufe, have reprefented it as extremely partial,

and

Niceron,

and difcredited it as much as poffible. But the person who profeffedly fet himself to oppose it, and to ruin its credit, was Dr. John Nalfon of Cambridge; who published, by the fpecial command of king Charles II, "An impartial Collection "of the great Affairs of State, from the beginning of the "Scotch rebellion in the year 1639, to the murder of king "Charles I. wherein the firft occafions, and whole series of "the late troubles in England, Scotland, and Ireland, are "faithfully reprefented. Taken from authentic records, and "methodically digested." The title promises to bring the history down to the murder of Charles I. but Dr. Nalfon lived only to put out two volumes in folio, 1682, and 1683, which brings it no lower than January 1641-2. He profeffes in the introduction to this work, "to make it appear, that "Mr. Rushworth hath concealed truth, endeavoured to vin"dicate the prevailing detractions of the late times, as well as "their barbarous actions, and, with a kind of a rebound, to "libel the government at fecond hand :" and fo far it is certain, that his aim and defign was to decry the conduct of the court, and to favor the cause of the parliament; for which reafon it is easy to conceive, that he would be more forward to admit into his collections, what made for, than what made against that purpose. But it does not appear, nor is it pretended, that Mr. Rushworth has wilfully omitted, or mifreprefented, facts or fpeeches; or, that he has fet forth any thing but the truth, though he may not fometimes have fet forth the whole truth, as is the duty of an impartial hiftorian: fo that his collections cannot be without great use, if it be only to prefent us with one fide of the queftion.

He published alfo in 1680, "The Tryal of Thomas Earl "of Strafford, &c. to which is added a short account of fome "other matters of fact, tranfacted in both houfes of parlia❝ment, precedent, concomitant, and subsequent to the said tryal, with some special arguments in law relating to a Bill "of Attainder," folio.

RUYSCH (FREDERIC) one of the greatest anatomists, t. XXXIII. that ever appeared in Holland, was the fon of Henry Ruysch,

commiffary of the States General; and was born at the Hague, the 23d of March 1638. After he was fufficiently

grounded

grounded in proper learning at home, he went to Leyden, where he applied himself to anatomy and botany. From Leyden, he paffed to Francker; where, having finished his ftudies, he took the degree of doctor in phyfic. Then he returned to the Hague; and, marrying a wife in 1661, fettled fo heartily to the practice of his profeffion, as even to neglect every other pursuit and ftudy, which had not fome connection with, or relation to it. A piece, which he published in 1665, De vafis lymphaticis & lacteis, did him fo much honor, that he was invited the year after to be profeffor of anatomy at Amfterdam. This invitation he gladly accepted; Amfterdam being a very proper place, to gratify his paffion for perfecting himself in natural hiftory and anatomy. For this, he fpared neither pains nor expence; was continually employed in diffections; and examined every part of the human body with the moft fcrupulous exactness. He contrived new means to facilitate anatomical inquiries; and found out a particular fecret to prepare dead bodies, and to preferve them many years from putrefaction. His collection in this way was really marvellous. He had foetufes in a regular gradation, from the length of the little finger to the fize of an infant upon the point of being born; he had grown up perfons of all ages; and he had innumerable animals of all forts and countries. fhort, his cabinets were full of these and other natural curiofities. The czar Peter of Ruffia made him a visit in 17173 and was fo ftruck with his collection, that he purchafed it of him for thirty thousand florins, and fent it to Petersburg.

In

In 1685, he was made profeffor of phyfic, which post he filled with honor till 1728, when he unhappily broke his thigh by a fall in his chamber. The year before, he had the misfortune to lose his fon Henry Ruysch, doctor of phyfic: who, like his father, was an able practitioner, skilled in botany and anatomy, and was fuppofed to be very aiding to his father in his publications, experiments, and inventions. This Henry Ruysch published at Amsterdam 1718, in two volumes folio, a work with this title: Theatrum Univerfale omnium animalium, maxima cura a J. Jonftonio collectum, ac plufquam trecentis pifcibus nuperrime ex Indiis Orientalibus allatis, ac nunquam antea his terris vifis, locupletatum. This fon died, when his father wanted him most; who had now no VOL. X. body