Niha,et turuhdar fahib jumal [w] Burus bees ekees ka fin o fal. نهایت طرح دار صاحب جمال بر بیس اکیس کا سن و سال HUSUN. Very well made and possessed of great beauty, he was about one and twenty years of age. موج نیم آج ہی آلوده گردی دل خاک ہو گيا ہي کسي بي قرار کا The gentle gales to-day feem loaded with duft, sure the heart of fome frantick (lover) has been re Well nurse, what fort of bridegroom is this, the body feems lame of a hand? Is abi zindugee fe upne marin ko jila faqee. اس آب زندگي سي اپني ما رو نکو جلا ساقي Koee toob fa doonee,a meň pyda nu hoga. جو ميري سري مين هو تير ابهالا There are, O Fighan, many poets in the world, but none will ever be found upon the earth like thee. Yih moorgh kŏŏfhtunee kub qabil i rihaee hy. فغان ریخته گو جہان مین بہت بین گوسی تجهه سا دنیا مین پیدا نہوگا یه مرغ کشتني كب قابل رہائی ہی) ایک روز شيخ جورو سي چومي کو جا ائري کہنی لگی کہ تم ہو برونکي ميري بري When can this devoted victim be worthy of freedom. Ek roz fhekh joroo fe choome ko ja uře Kuhne lugee ki toom ho buron ke mere bure. One day our fage preffed his wife for a kifs, when fhe faid, why you are older than my ancestors! [w] Compounds of this kind are almost formed at pleasure, as may be seen in 3 H page 186. Kum Kum by Nafir Ulee fe Ne,amut Khan Qos fe muth hoortur hy ifka khe,al, گم مي ناصر علي سي نعمت خان ہیں اوسی مشہور تر ہی اسکا خیال Is Ne,amut Khan inferior to Nafir Ulee? the fancy of the former is more famous than the latter's. The ufe of the poximate and remote demonftratives yih, this, wob, that, is very evident in the above lines, though I have not been able to take advantage of them as fuch, from the order of the fentence; Inferior to Nafir Ulee is Neamut Khan? than that (poet)'s fancy this (poet)'s is more famous, as it stands in Souda, being incompatible with our construction; not to mention that we cannot use that's, and this's, as the poet has done agreeably to the rules of his own language. که نه اوسی دیجیو جز آش جو مجرد بین ایمان اسیر دولت کی جنگی محکوم حکم او ر ت کي يي با تين ہوتیان تہرین تو اگلا دن جو آیا شہ پر اجل کا با دل چار دن طرف سی چہایا چاہا کہ پیوین پانی ایک بوند پهر نپایا پیاسی گان کو قسمت حجر ہوا نوالا The men here are wedded to their wealth, and obfequious to the commands of their wivess Ye baten hotee,an theen tou ugla din jo ae̟a Pesafe gule ko qifmut khunjur hooa niwalu. LXIX. While fuch observations were making, the next day arrived, and the gloomy clouds of fate lowered from all quarters on the king; he longed to drink water, but not a single drop could be procured, as the share of this throat-parched sufferer, whose last refource lay now in a dagger. See page 85 LII. RULE VII. A verb for the most part follows both of its nouns, and agrees with its fubject în gender, number, and perfon; the plural number is nevertheless used with a sin gular gular nominative, when deference, and respect, are thus paid to a fuperiour: [x] The perfect tenfes of all tranfitive verbs frequently govern their own agent in the oblique, which then affumes ne after it; and what is ftill more extraordinary, this inflected nominative, seems to lose its influence as fuch, over the verbs fo far, that the object often confers its own gender and number on the preterite, when kọ does not intervene between this and the objective cafe, though it otherwife exactly correfponds with our accufative. Ko has the power of restricting the past tenses, to the indeclinable state occafionally, and in this event, therefore, a verb in the fingular, or in the feminine gender, may occur with a plural, or mafculine nominative, and vice verfa. [y] See pages 45, 66, 126, 127, and Rule V. above. Tis [x] The infinitive as in Latin, often fupplies the place of a nominative, lurna dostoň se mõõj,he pufund nuheeň hy—To dispute with friends is not agreeable to me. In fuch fentences, however, the infinitive seems rather a verbal noun, and like gerunds declinable. Mooj,he doston se lužne ka ke̟a faedu hy, of what ufe is the difputing with friends to me; which must be carefully diftinguished from-mooj, he doston ke juřne se kea faedu hy, as this last means, of what ufe is the difputing of friends to me, and would be perhaps better expreffed by, močj,he dostoň ke lučne ka, &c. : [y] Though ne appears always to require the inflection of a fingular noun, (fome of the pronouns excepted) it is otherwise in the plural; bees lurke (or lurk❤)ne kuha, twenty boys faid; humare fou sipahee (or fipahee,on) ne mara do fou doeshmun, a hundred of our foldiers killed two hundred of the enemy: But feminines are probably exceptions; ch,hokree,on - (never chhokree,a ne chuha lurke ko choomne, the girls wished to kifs the child. Souda kee ghuzlon-never ghuzleň-) ne moj,he rekhtu fik,hla,e,a, Souda's odes have taught me the Rekhtu, or mixed dialect of Hindoostan. The object as observed in Rule VII. above, with ie, after the inflected nominative of active verbs in the preterite, often reflects its own number and gender on the verb; though thefe differ never fo much from the nominative; and as this is on the whole, a very intricate part of the Hindooftanee construction, I fhall enleavour here to elucidate the fubject a little farther. In fome cafes, where there neither is an inflected norninative, nor the strange expletive ne, the object may ftill confer its gender and number on the preterite- -Myň ek lurka dek ha, I saw a boy; myň buhčt lurke dek he, I saw many boys; woh bhee dekha ek lurka,, he also saw a boy, or buhot lurke dekhe, faw many boys. Myň ek lurkee dekhee, I saw a girl; myn buhčť: lurkee,an dek,heen or buhot lurkee dek,heen, I saw many girls; the fingular of nouns in ee, often occuring for their plural in eean, but as in this example, with a plural preterite dek heen. So far thefe prove, that the inflected nominative with ne, is not absolutely neceffary to give the object of Hindooftanee verbs, the ex. traordinary power it exercises over their preterites, yet as the ne, &c. cannot often be dispensed with, it will be proper to add a good many examples with it also. We shall first take a masculine declinable subject, with an object in the feminine gender, keeping both in the fingular number:: Lurke ne lurkee choomee, a boy kiffed a girl; or lurke ne lurkee ko chooma; in which last the introduction of ko, clearly deftroys the objects effect on the verb; which naturally then reverts to its subject as in other languages, without being at all VII. Tis etnee zalimee pur ibni Zee,ad ne wuhan اتنی ظالمی پر ابن زیادنی و بان hyň Rowega upne fir ko oon ka ch,hipane wala. VIII. لم کی دو ہین سیتی اس شہر مین چہی یہان Mollim ke do they hoke is thuhr mein chhipe chain رودي گا اپنی سر کو او نگا چهپاني والا روتی ہوئی پدر کو و ي باپ موئي سچي اده موي جا چپي تهي قاضي کی ایک گہر کو قاضی نی دیگ ها دشمن سب ڈھونڈ تی ایدہ کو Qeace ne dekha dilman fab dhon lite idhar ko چ بلی پہر او نهونکو اوس شہر کی نکا لا We bap-moo,e-buche rote hoo,e pudur ko Udh mooe ja chhipe the qazee ke ek ghur ko doofhmun Pich,hle puhir oonhoйko oos fhuhr fe nikala. all affected by the inflected nominative lurke-ne, for lurka, a boy. We may now try the object only in the plural; lurke ne lurkee,an choomeeň ( and lurkee choomeen,) a boy kissed girls, or lurke ne lurkeçon ko chooma, ed in this alfo, ko has the fame confequences. When both are plural, the subject still continues inflected, becoming then (when there is no numeral) Jurkon ne lurkee,an choomeen, boys kifled girls, or lurkon ne lurkee,on ko chooma; where ko, has the very fingular property of keeping the verb inert of neuter ftate, from the fubject and object entirely neither agreeing with one or other of them in gender, number, and person. I come now to a feminine fubject, and a mafculine object; kõõttee ne kootta kata, a bitch bit a dog, or koɔ̃ttee ne kõõtte ko kaša, in this laft inftance ko, fo far from affecting the verb as formerly, feems rather to confirm the object's power over it. Teen koottee ne ek kõõtta kata, or teen kootee,on-ne ek kootta kaia, three bitches big one dog, also expreffed by ék köčtte ko kaža, though kõõtise in these be a feminine plural nominative to kaža which does not even change in-teen kottee on ne do kotou ko kata, where both are plural, so very differ ent is the regimen with ko here to that in the first example, and in the following: Lurke ne buh pat chal a boy cat many leaves, or lurkce ne buhot patoň ko chaba; here again. we perceive the use of ko, and abufe, if I may fo call it in, lurkon ne buh t paton ko chaha, boys ate many leaves ; becaufe chaba i preterite, in the fingular, while the plural inflected nominative lurkon ne, boys, and the object patoň, lez feem to have no fort of concord or government with it as a verb--Whence in page 127. Mŏŏflin kosfee ne koofe meň mariala. q. v. with the other examples there. From the whole of the above, it appears that active preterites take the gender and number of their objects, when ko does not intervene, but when it does, the paft tenfes become a fort of neuter indeclinable words, that are not then acted upon, by their object or agent, whatever may be their gender, number, or perfon.-There are two exam- . ples of this in the text, ma-ne toomko keun ghur fe hy nikala, ma is a feminine nominative to nikala in the mafculine gender, and toom ko is the plural object, while the tranfitive preterite continues fingular. The other is, Baba ko ko feep ne, &c, mardala. See the next page. Notwithstanding Notwithstanding this oppreffive cruelty, the fon of Zeead told all the people there; news have reached me that Močílim's two fons are here, concealed in this city, adding "the man who harbours them, shall yet lament the lofs of his own head.” These orphan children weeping for their father, had creeped half dead with fear into the house of a Qazee, who having perceived the enemy prowling that way, had them both conveyed after midnight out of the city. See the firft line in ftanza LXIX. above, for another example of verbs in the feminine plural. اوسنی کہا کہ لر کہ تم گیدن چتر ہی ہو ہر پر نیچی اگر گروگي مر جاؤ گی مقرر Qofne kuba ki luško toom keuň churhe ha bur pur Neeche ugur giroge murjaage mooqurrur مين بهي نون اي بچو کیا کہہ پڑا ہی تم پر Ayat bhe finals are bacho kea dith prite by tum pus بچوكيا د برا اس وقت ماني تم کو گيون گہر سی ہی نکالا رسي روني بچي کہنی لگي که بي بي گیا پوچھتی ہی ہم سر بيتي ہي کيسي بيتي الالماري ايهان سی کو سون اوپر ہی . ؟ بابا كو كوفيون في كوفي مين ماردا لا نس پاس ہمکو باباتها سونپ کی سد با را اوسني سنا ہما را با با گیا ہی مار ! در گر جب اوسنی دیکھا پچھلا پہر اندام میرا مج كي ہمکو گهر سي ديانکا لا مامي XIIL XIV.. Myň foonen dook, pura toom Is wuqt ma ne toom ko keun ghurfe by nikala. Oopurse ro,e buche kuhne luge ki beebee Kea porch,htee by hum pur beeta hy kyfee beetee XV Tis pas humko baba tha sompke sid hara Durkur jub oofne dek,ha pich,hla puhir undheara Asee fumujhke hum ko ghur se dee,a nikala. She faid, O children, why have you afcended this fig tree, if you should tumble down, you will certainly be killed; may I alfo learn my little lads, what misfortune has befallen you, and why your mother at this late. hour has turned you out of doors. 31 XIV. |