FUTURE. mara jya chahna to be about to be beaten. PARTICIPLE S. PERFECT. beaten. mara jata PRESENT. being مارا جاتا مارا گیا mara gya ,beaten مار اجایا جاتا mara jya jata مار آ جایا mara jya Negatives are so easily prefixed to the various tenfes, as hardly to require any further notice here than my barely mentioning that nu may precede every part of a verb, nubeen any but the imperative, and mut this last only. مارتا .I do not beat مین نهمین مار تاهون Myn nubeen marta hoon Nubeen, &c. by the wonderful pliability of the Hindoostanee may occupy any place in fuch fentences without detriment to the fenfe, though their stations, emphafis, and the tone they are expreffed in, as with us, must often determine their meaning to be negative by affertion, or inter- ' rogatively; nay, they may thus become inverfe affirmatives. But this mode of speaking will be better attained from practice than a grammar. SECTION II. OF MOODS AND TENSES. I SHALL not explain very minutely here the deduction of every part of the verb from the infinitive, as that hath already been attended to, while we were exhibiting the various tenfes in the preceding pages; but rest satisfied with attempting to illuftrate the application, power, and properties, of each, by a series of examples best adapted to the prefent purpose; that the promifcuous ufage alfo of one tenfe for another, may become as evident as poffible, even before the learner has proceeded fo far as the fyntax, to which for more ample information he muft of courfe refer. The analogy between the present here, and our language, is too confpicuous to escape notice; though it cannot be expected this will always hold good in the particular ufe and energy of the auxiliary or participial form of both; the verb kurna to do, being lefs pliable as a mere emphatic sign than our's, however much it be qualified to fupply the place of another, affift with nouns in the compofition of verbs, or form with, moft preterites, an extenfive clafs, which greatly refemble the Latin frequentatives, as will hereafter appear in the next fections. Lae̟a nuheen hy mere likhe ka juwab ah Murta hoon intizar men qafid ko kea hooa Maloom myй kee,a tere rone fe ae Fighan FIGHAN. و يا نہين ہي مري لكسبی کا جواب آہ لا قاصد کو کیا ہوا مر تا هون انتظار مین معلوم میں گيا تيري روني سي اي مغان تو خانمان خراب کہیں مبتلا ہوا Alas, I am pining in fufpenfe! What is become of the messenger, that he hath not yet brought an answer to my letter; O Fighan! I perceived by thy wailing that thou, unhappy man, waft fomewhere bewitched. الفت کا چراغ Hum to ub mirte by our boojhta hy ool fut ka chiragh ہم تواب مرتی ہیں اور سمجھتا ہی دیکھیں پهر کب ہووي روشن محبت کا چراغ Dekhee phir kab howe roulhan mohabat ka chiragh بھی مجہتی اور سورج بھی ہوتا ہی غروب Ag bhee bey bte by our fooraj bhee hota hy ghoroob رات دن جلتا ہی یکسان داغ حسرت کا چراغ Rate din june by clair daghi hafrat ka chiragh آگ بي نگاه کرم رہتا ہی میرا باطن سیاه Be nigah i gurm ruhta by mera batin feah Hoofn ka fhola hy mere dil kee khilwut ka chiragh Jae kub meree yih furgurmee kifoo kee suee fe حسن کات ملا ہي ميري دلگي خلوت کا چراغ ھائی یہ کب میري سرگرمي كو كي سي سي کب حسد کی آگ سی بجھتا ہی دولت کا چراغ Kub bufad ke ag fe baghlia by doulat ka chiragh Yuqeer se boîjbia خاندان در دمجهه سي گيون نه روشن ہو یقین Khandani durd mjh se keun na roufhun bo ہی میرا ہر داغ سینه مین مصیبت کا چراغ is mera hue dagh foene me moofebut ka chiragh Hy mõõseebut 4 YUQEEN. 6 So then I die, and the lamp of affection expires; ah, fay when will it be lighted again? Even fire goes out, and the very fun becomes obfcure, while the flame of defire doth glow both night and day. Without a cheering look, my foul continues in darkness, the luftre of beauty being the only luminary in my heart's recefs. How can my ardour decay by any one's counfel, and when will the smiles of fortune ceafe for envy's frowns. Why may not the houfe of mourning be illuminated by me, O Yuqeen! whofe breaft ftill blazes with the bolts of affliction? 9 8 Etna jo japon japon kurte ho to fidharo Is dil pu kul jo hogee so ajhee woh ho le. Since you SOUDA. اتنا جو جاؤن جا ن کر تی ہو تو سد با رو اس دل پہ کل جو ہو گی سو آج بي و هولي do thus repeat, I am going, I shall go, pray depart, and let that betide me to-day, which must happen to-morrow. Ugur woh yar fou fou galee,an moojh ko deca kurta اگر وہ یا رسوسو گالیان مجکو دیا کرتا مين عوض ان گلیونکی اسکی حق مین میں دعا کرتا Ewuz in galeeon ke cos ke huq met myit dha kurta do,a Though my beloved should make å practice of calling me a hundred names, I would, in lieu thereof pray for her welfare. Sujun fukare jat by nyn murenge re Bidhna yfee ryn kur ki bhor kubhoo nu hoe. ANONYM. سجن سكاري جات بين نين مري نگي بد ہونا ايسي دين لرکی بہور کب رونہ ہو My lover will depart with the morn, and thefe eyes fireaming must set in tears; therefore, O Creator! make such a night that the dawn may may never appear. The above may fuffice to fhow that the prefent of both the indicative and subjunctive moods, have the power alfo of the future tenfe, besides their use as potentials, which a little practice in the language will foon make familiar to all who have properly studied the conjugations. The prefent of the indicative does not always require the auxiliary fign boon, and without it, is just the present participle, which as fuch more strictly, or as a verbal attributive, is fubject to the rules for vocables ending in a, being often found inflected to e, particularly in what is called the abfolute cafe; but the explication of this belongs rather to the fyntax. The learner may form at pleasure the part of the verb now difcuffed, by fubftituting for n of the infinitive; and like this, it is fubject to contraction, with the difference, however, of a reduplication thereof, as the fubfe quent |