2 Kings 23. 9; 2 Chron. 8. 13; 30. 13; 30. 21; Ezra 6. 22; Ezek. 45. 21. It is translated unleavened cake' or 'cakes' in Numb. 6. 19; Josh. 5. 11; Judg. 6. 19; 6. 20; 6. 21 (twice). It is translated unleavened' in connection with other Hebrew words translated ‘cakes,' bread,' 'wafers,' or 'fine flour,' in Exod. 12. 39; 29. 2 (thrice); Lev. 2. 4; 2. 5; 7. 12 (twice); 8. 26; Numb. 6. 19; 1 Chron. 23. 29. It is translated without leaven' in Lev. 10. 12. 6 IV. HEBREW WORDS TRANSLATED DRUNKEN, DRUNKENNESS, AND DRUNKARD. 23. 33; 39. 19 [where the A. V. has 'till ye be drunken,'-literally, to drunkenness']. In Josh. 15. 11 Shikron appears as the name of a town, Shicron.' 1. SHAKRAH, 'fulness,' occurs in | Hag. 1. 6, ain lě-shakrah, rendered in the A. V. 'ye are not filled with drink'; literally, not to fulness' (or repletion). 2. SHAHKAK-connected as root or derivative with shakar, 'sweet drink'strictly implies, as Gesenius states, to drink to the full,' generally with an implied sweetness of the article consumed, whether the sweet juice of the grape or other fruits. Whenever the juice had fermented, or had become intoxicating by drugs, this plentiful use would lead to intoxication, and give to the verb the secondary sense of inebriation in the drinker. Inebriation, however, must not be inferred unless the context suggests such a condition. It is translated 'drunk,' 'drunken,' 'drunken man,' or 'drunkard,' in the A. V. in Gen. 9. 21; Deut. 32. 42; 1 Sam. 1. 14; 25. 36; 2 Sam. 11. 13; Job 12. 25; Psa. 107. 27; Prov. 26. 9; Isa. 19. 14; 24. 20; 28. 1; 28. 3; 29.9; 49. 26; 51. 21; 63. 6; Jer. 23. 9; 25. 27; 48. 26; 51. 7; 51. 39; 51. 57; Lam. 4. 21; Joel 1. 5; Nah. 3. 11; Hab. 2. 15. It is translated 'were merry' in Gen. 43. 34; 'drink abundantly' in Cant. 5. 1. [In Psa. 69. 12, where the A. V. gives 'drunkards,' the Hebrew is 'drinkers of shakar.'] 3. SHIKKOR (fem. shikkorah), 'drunk,' occurs in I Sam. 1. 13; 1 Kings 16. 9; 20. 16. 4. SHIKKAHRON, or SHIKKRON, 'drunkenness,' occurs Jer. 13. 13; Ezek. V. 5. RAHVAH signifies 'to drink largely,' 'to be filled with drink,' without the reference contained in shahkar to the sweetness of the liquid imbibed. In the A. V. it is rendered 'made drunk' in Jer. 46. 10 and Lam. 3. 15; but other renderings, expressive of simple abundance, are given in Psa. 23. 5; 36. 8; 65. 10['abundantly']; 66. 12 ['wealthy']; Prov. 5. 19 ['satisfy ']; 7. 18; 11. 15 (twice); Isa. 16. 9; 34. 5 [‘bathed’]; 34. 7; 43. 24; 55. 10; Jer. 31. 14; 31. 25. the 6. RAHVEH.-This adjective is rendered 'drunkenness '- margin, drunken'-in Deut. 29.'19,-drink-hard: 'watered' in Isa. 58. 11; Jer. 31. 12. 7. RI (an abbreviation of REVI) is rendered 'watering' in Job 37. 11. 8. SAHVAH (connected with SOVEH) signifies to suck up,' 'to soak.' In the A. V. it is rendered drunkard,' Deut. 21. 20; 'bibbers,' Prov. 23. 10 ['winebibbers' — sovai-yayin, soakers - ofwine']; ‘drunkard,' Prov. 23. 21; we will fill ourselves with,' Isa. 56. 12; 'Sabeans'—margin, ‘drunkards,'-Ezek. 23. 42; 'drunken' and 'drunkards' in Nah. I. IO. 6 9. SHETHI (from shahthah, 'to drink') is translated ‘drunkenness' in Eccles. 10. 17, where the sense seems to require some general term, such as 'carousing' or 'revelry.' HEBREW WORDS DESCRIPTIVE OF THE NATURE AND EFFECTS OF Avoi, sorrow. Prov. 23. 29, 'who hath sorrow?' Bahla, to swallow down. Isa. 28. 7, 'they are swallowed up of wine.' Bogad, deceiving, defrauding. Hab. 2. 5, 'he transgresseth by wine,'-rather, 'wine is a defrauder.' Dahlaq, to burn, inflame. Isa. 5. II, 'wine inflames them.' Hahmah, to rage. Prov. 20. I, 'strong drink is raging'; Zech. 9. 15, and they shall make a noise as through wine,'better, they shall rage as wine.' Gahash, to shake, reel. Jer. 25. 16, ' and they shall be moved.' Halal, to trill, sing, shout, rave. Jer. 25. 16, and they shall be mad'; Jer. 51. 7, 'the nations are mad.' Khahgag, to be giddy. Psa. 107. 27, 'they reel to and fro.' Khallah, to be sick (ill). Hos. 7. 5, 'the princes have made him sick.' See below. Khakliluth, redness, lividness. Prov. 23. 29, who hath redness of eyes?' (livid circles round the eyes). 6 Khamah, inflaming heat, such as is produced by poison, and symbolical of rage, fury. Deut. 32, 33, their wine is the poison of dragons'; Isa. 51. 17, 'the cup of his fury; Isa. 51. 22, the cup of my fury'; Isa. 63. 6, 'I will make them drunk with my anger'; Jer. 25. 15, 'take the winecup of this fury'; Jer. 51. 39, 'in their heat'; Hos. 7. 5, the princes have made him sick with bottles of wine' (should be 'with inflaming-heat of wine'); Hab. 2. 15, 'that puttest thy bottle to him' (should be 'pouring out thy inflaming-drink'). [Khamah occurs in the following other places:-Deut. 32. 24, the poison of serpents of the dust'; Job 6. 4, 'the poison drinketh up my spirit'; Psa. 58. 4, their poison is like the poison of a serpent'; Psa. 140. 3, the poison of adders is under their lips.'] 6 Tahah, to wander, to stray. Job 21. 25, 'he maketh them to stagger like a drunken man'; Isa. 19. 14, 'they have caused Egypt to err, as a drunken man staggereth in his vomit'; Isa. 28. 7, through strong drink they are out of the way; they are out of the way.' 6 Psa. Taralah, reeling, trembling. 60. 3, 'wine of astonishment'; Isa. 51. 17, 22, 'the cup of trembling.' Tziphoni, a viper. Prov. 23. 32, it stingeth like an adder (viper).' Yahgon, sorrow. Ezek. 32. 33, 'thou shalt be filled with drunkenness and sorrow.' VI. OTHER HEBREW WORDS EXPLAINED IN THE NOTES. [The figures refer to the pages of the Commentary.] Agganoth, bowls, 165. Ahmah, weariness, sorrow, 143. Ahsaph, to scrape together, to gather, 52, 56, 198. Ahval, to hang down to mourn, 165. Atereth, crown, wreath, 169. Bahsar (or vahsar), flesh, 135, 147, 212. Bari, fat, 212. Bashal, to ripen, 17. Bath, a measure equal to 7 gallons Beer (or baar), a well, 48, 87, 130. Berakhah (or verakhah), blessing, 182. Beushim, wild or vile (grapes), 158. Debash (or devash), honey, whether of Dodim, loves, 131, 150, 152. Geber, a strong man, 124, 160. Gur, to carry, to assemble, 222. Kabod, glory, 141. Karmel, Carmel, garden, 94, 99, 162. Keseph, silver, 161. Lekhem, bread, 11, 14, 76, 81, 82, 83, Mahal, to cut off, to dilute, 156. Masqeh, one who offers drink to another = Melaah, fulness, firstfruits, 31, 47, 58. Merorim, bitter herbs, 45. Nahta, to plant, 8, 51, 59, 67, 124, 232, Khag, a sacred dance = a feast, xviii, Nebel (or nevel), bottle, skin-bag, 80, 56, 76, 98, 99, 100, 101. Khak, the palate, 153. Khaklili, red, livid, or purple, 22, 136. Khamas, violence, 130. 81, 82, 86, 165, 185. Nōd, bottle, skin-bag, 66, 68, 82. Nub (or nuv), to cause to grow, to thrive, Ob (or ov), bottle, 115. Oni, affliction, 142. Khameth, a bottle, 14. [In Genesis Ovad, perishing one, 143. only.] Khinnahm, for nothing, 136. Khisvomoth, inventions, devices, 148. Kohan, priest, 170, 209. Kos, a cup, 17, 118, 119, 122, 137, 176, Pahthaakh, vent, 115. Paqquoth, gourds, cucumbers, 91. Sahbah, to soak, to tope, 178. Shinnaim, teeth, 132. Shuahlim, foxes, jackals, 152. Sukkoth, booths, xvii, 156. Tapukoth, perverse things, deceits, 137. Tivuah, produce (translated 'increase'), Sahdeh, a plain, field, 62, 140, 146, 173, Tov, good, spoken of the heart when 247. Sahkar, wages, reward, 145 (foot-note), Sahr (sour), leaven, 220. Samaakh, to be joyful, to make glad, to Saph, a bowl, 247. Shenath, sleep, 200. Shethiah, the drinking, 100. excited and pleased, 75, 78, 82, 86, Tzemed, pair, yoke, acre, 159. Yahbush, to be dried up to perish, 226. 6 Yitzhar, olive-and-orchard-fruit (trans- Zahroth, strange women, 137. THE NEW TESTAMENT. I. GREEK WORDS TRANSLATED WINE, STRONg Drink, and Vinegar. OINOS, wine= the juice of the grape. MATTHEW. 9. 17 (thrice), new wine (oinos neos) not [27. 34, the received Greek text has oxos, 2. 22 (four times), new wine not to be into new ones. It occurs thirty-two times. 15. 23, myrrhed wine offered to Christ I. 15, prediction that John the Baptist 5. 37, 38 (thrice), new wine not to be put JOHN. 2. 3, wine deficient at the marriage feast at Cana. 2. 9, the ruler of the feast tasted the wine made from water. 2. 10, the practice of presenting choice wine (oinos kalos) first. 2. 10, the bridegroom charged with keeping the choice wine till the last. 4. 46, a reference to the place where the water was made wine. ROMANS. 17. 18. 2, Babylon making the people drunk with the wine of her fornication. 3, Babylon's wine of the wrath (heat) 18. 13, with food and luxuries. [In various texts oinos is understood, 14. 21, good not to drink wine when it though not actually written. 5. 18, not to be drunk (surcharged) with 3. 8, deacons not to be given to much 5. 23, Timothy to use a little wine (oligo oino) medicinally. TITUS. This is noticeably the case in Luke 5. 39, where it is thrice implied in conjunction with the adjectives 'old' and 'new.'] Of compounds into which the word OINOS enters we have the following: :Oinopotees, a wine-drinker, one addicted to wine, Matt. 11. 19, and Luke 7. 34. Paroinos, near to wine, a wine-guest, 2. 3, the older women not to be given to present at wine-parties, 1 Tim. 3. 3, and much wine. REVELATION. 6. 6, the growing wine. Titus I. 7. Oinophlugiais, to excesses of wine,' not indulged in by Christians, I Pet. 4. 2. SIKERA, strong drink, occurs once-Luke 1. 25, in the angel's prediction concerning John the Baptist's abstinence from wine and strong drink. Oxos, sour wine (oinos, wine,' understood) = vinegar, occurs Matt. 27. 28; Mark 15. 36; Luke 23. 36; John 19. 29, 30,—all referring to the vinegar presented to Jesus on the cross, and received by Him because unmixed with any stupefying wine or other drug. II. GREEK WORDS TRANSLATED Vine, Vineyard, Fruit of tHE VINE, GRAPES, AND CLUSTERS. I. AMPELOS, vine, occurs in the following connections: 2. AMPELŌNA, vineyard, occurs— MATTHEW. 20. 14, 17, 'labourers into his vineyard.' 21. 28, 'go work to-day in my vineyard.' 21. 33, a certain man planted a vine- 9. 7, 'who planteth a vineyard, and yard.' MARK. 12. I, 'a certain man planted a vine yard.' LUKE. 13. 6, 'a fig tree planted in his vineyard.' eateth not the fruit of it?" [Ampelourgos, vine-worker, Occurs Luke 13. 7, and is translated 'the dresser of his vineyard.'] |