cent of all official bilateral Japanese assistance was disbursed to Asian countries. Japan has engaged in various cooperative ventures with other Asian countries for the development of their resources for their mutual benefit. These ventures include, for example, the Orissa ironore project in India, involving Japanese assistance to the development of Indian iron-ore deposits and related transport facilities.

While Japanese experience has worldwide application, it is a particular example for Asia. Thus Japanese rice-growing techniques have been widely adopted in Asia, and Japanese handicraft industry methods are also being introduced. Japanese technology is being transferred through technical cooperation programs. In 1962, 269 Japanese experts were sent abroad and 434 trainees were received by Japan. In addition more third-country training under United States assistance programs has been done in Japan than in any other country in Asia.

Many of Japan's relations with other Asian nations are, like its relations with the industrial nations of the West, organized on a bilateral basis. But it also plays an important role in collaborating with these countries through such regional bodies and activities as ECAFE [U.N. Economic Commission for Asia and the Far East], the Colombo Plan,12 and the Asian Productivity Organization 12a and through supporting the work of the Mekong River development program.13

Bilateral relations between the United States and Japan are a part of Japan's role as a Pacific power, for, as I mentioned earlier, the United States too is a Pacific power. I have already spoken at some length of our trading relationship, of particular interest to this meeting, and have mentioned in passing our military security relationship. Each of these is a vital element in what we have come to call the United States-Japan partnership, for no other word describes the relationship better. The third link in this partnership chain is the flow of people and ideas. Person-to-person business, intellectual, cultural, scientific, and just plain tourist contacts have grown by leaps and bounds. At the official level, members of our two Cabinets concerned with economic affairs meet together once a year to review our economic relations.14 We also have committees of distinguished scientific and cultural leaders of the two countries who meet periodically to recommend ways of developing further our relations in these areas.

At the level of the individual it is difficult to estimate exactly, but well over 2 million Americans have visited or lived in Japan since the war. These include government officials, military personnel and their dependents, technicians, businessmen, students, intellectuals, and increasing numbers of tourists. The Olympics of 1964 will bring a

12 See ante, doc. IX-6.

12a

An international and intergroup organization with headquarters in Tokyo whose purpose is to assist national productivity organizations in improving manufacturing techniques of small and medium scale enterprises.

13 See footnote 22 to doc. IX-1, ante.

14 The third meeting of the Joint U.S.-Japan Committee on Trade and Economic Affairs, which was originally scheduled to be held in Tokyo, Nov. 1963, was rescheduled and held there Jan. 27-28, 1964.

fresh new wave of tourists to Japan. Approximately 225,000 Japanese visitors have been to the United States in the period since the war. If the restrictions on expenditures by Japanese touring abroad are eased, as expected in the near future, these numbers should increase.

The effects of these contacts on Japan have been considerable. They are reflected in all aspects of Japanese urban culture, in the role of Japanese women, in the greatly increased use of English as a second language and even in the adoption of wide-scale advertising and installment buying. Japan has had, in return, its impact on the United States in the area of taste and of thought. It ranges from an influence upon American movies to a deeper and more lasting influence upon art and architecture.

We and Europe must make it possible for Japan to play that increasing role as a major nation of the world and the Pacific that it seeks for itself. At the official government level this will involve Japan's increasingly active participation in a wide range of international organizations-known in the international alphabet lingo as GATT, OÈCD, ECAFE, ECOSOC,15 UNICEF,16 FAO," to name only a few-and finally, in plain English, the Colombo Plan. There should be increasingly close bilateral partnership relations with the United States, Canada, Western Europe, and with the developing nations. The United States places a special value on its partnership with Japan, and we are confident that this partnership will also continue to hold a special place in Japanese policy. In addition there should continue to develop on the personal level, in the business, academic, and scientific communities, as well as among just plain people, thousands of formal and informal relationships so well exemplified by this meeting today.

When I first went to Japan almost 30 years ago, it was a land that was still strange and exotic to most Americans and America was very remote to most Japanese. Then we were thrown together in the traumatic experience of war, in which our sons died by the thousands. Having won victory, we sought not revenge but what the statesmen of both of our political parties properly called a "peace of reconciliation.” Japan responded with statesmanship. Today we find our present well-being and our future bound together as few nations in historycertainly as no two nations so far separated by distance and background. With equal statesmanship in the United States, Europe, and Japan for the future we can be confident that these three pillars of the free world will increasingly be able to withstand the stress of the enemies of freedom and provide the foundation on which a better world can be built for all.

15 United Nations Economic and Social Council.

16 United Nations Children's Fund.

"Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations; see ante, docs. II-64-65.

IX-45

JAPANESE-UNITED STATES AGREEMENT ON PROVIDING JAPAN WITH EQUIPMENT FOR SURFACE-TO-AIR MISSILE BATTALIONS ON A COST-SHARING BASIS, Effected by Notes Exchanged at Tokyo by the American Ambassador (Reischauer) and the Japanese Foreign Minister (Ohira), April 26, 1963 1

18

IX-46

JAPANESE-UNITED STATES ARRANGEMENT CONCERNING TRADE IN COTTON TEXTILES, 1963-1965: Joint Announcement Issued at Washington by Representatives of the United States and Japanese Governments, August 27, 1963 19

The Governments of the United States and Japan on August 27 announced the conclusion of a bilateral arrangement covering trade in cotton textiles between Japan and the United States for the period 1963 through 1965. The purpose of this arrangement is to provide for the orderly development of trade in cotton textiles between Japan and the United States. The notes effecting the arrangement,20 which was negotiated under article 4 of the Geneva Long-Term Arrangements Regarding International Trade in Cotton Textiles of February 9, 1962,21 were exchanged on August 27 by Ambassador Ryuji Takeuchi and Assistant Secretary of State for Economic Affairs G. Griffith Johnson. Representatives of the Departments of State, Commerce, and Labor participated in the negotiations with the Embassy of Japan and with other representatives of the Japanese Government. Principal features of the bilateral arrangement are as follows:

1. For calendar year 1963 the level of Japanese exports of cotton textiles to the United States, as listed in annex A to the arrangement,22 is 287.5 million square yards equivalent. Within this aggregate limit, limits or ceilings are also provided for particular categories and groups of textiles.

2. The overall limit, and the limits or ceilings on groups and categories, will be increased by 3 percent for calendar year 1964, and these levels will be increased by 5 percent for calendar year 1965.

3. The two Governments will exchange such statistical data on cotton textiles as are required for the effective implementation of the arrangement. A set of conversion factors is specified in annex C of

18

1 TIAS 5347; 14 UST 490. This agreement referred to the Japanese-United States Mutual Defense Assistance Agreement of Mar. 8, 1954; text in American Foreign Policy, 1950–1955: Basic Documents, vol. II, pp. 2437-2441.

19 Department of State press release No. 441, Aug. 26, for release Aug. 27, 1963 (text as printed in the Department of State Bulletin, Sept. 16, 1963, p. 440).

20 TIAS 5408; 14 UST 1078. This arrangement was operative retroactively from Jan. 1, 1963.

"TIAS 5240; 13 UST 2672; see American Foreign Policy: Current Documents, 1962, pp. 1411-1412.

22 14 UST 1081.

the arrangement 23 to express various categories of cotton textiles in terms of a square yard equivalent.

4. The two Governments agree on procedures that would be applied in the event that an excessive concentration of Japanese exports of any particular product of cotton textiles, for which no limit or ceiling is specified, or of end items made from a particular type of fabric, should cause or threaten to cause disruption of the United States market.

5. The two Governments also agree on procedures which would be applied in the event that questions should arise concerning certain items not included in annex A of the arrangement.

6. The two Governments also agree to consult on any problem that may arise during the term of the arrangement.

Except as otherwise provided by the arrangement, the terms and provisions of the Long-Term Arrangements will continue to be applicable to the trade between Japan and the United States in cotton textiles.

IX-47

"[THE JAPANESE-CANADIAN-UNITED STATES] DELEGATIONS DEEMED IT DIFFICULT... TO COME TO COMPLETE AGREEMENT" ON REGULATING THE NORTH PACIFIC FISHERIES: Press Release Issued by the Second Meeting of the Parties to the International Convention for the High Seas Fisheries of the North Pacific Ocean, Tokyo, October 7, 1963 24

The Kashmir QUESTION

IX-48

PAKISTANI-CHINESE COMMUNIST AGREEMENT ON THE BOUNDARY BETWEEN CHINA'S SINKIANG AND THE CONTIGUOUS AREAS, THE DEFENSE OF WHICH IS UNDER THE CONTROL OF PAKISTAN, Signed at Peiping and Entered Into Force, March 2, 1963 25

The Government of the People's Republic of China and the Government of Pakistan,

Having agreed, with a view to ensuring the prevailing peace and tranquillity on the border, formally to delimit and demarcate the boundary between China's Sinkiang and the contiguous areas, the defence of which is under the actual control of Pakistan, in a spirit of fairness, reasonableness, mutual understanding and mutual accommodation, and on the basis of Ten Principles, as enunciated in the Bandung Conference;

23 14 UST 1088.

24

26

Department of State Bulletin, Nov. 4, 1963, pp. 709-710.

25 Annex I to U.N. doc. S/5263 and Corr. 1.

26

See American Foreign Policy, 1950-1955: Basic Documents, vol. II, pp. 2344-2352.

Being convinced that this would not only give full expression to the desire of the peoples of China and Pakistan for developing good-neighbourly and friendly relations, but also help safeguard Asian and world peace;

Have resolved for this purpose to conclude the present Agreement and appointed as their respective plenipotentiaries, the following:

Marshal Chen Yi, Minister for Foreign Affairs, for the Government of the People's Republic of China,

Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto, Minister of External Affairs, for the Government of Pakistan,

Who, having mutually examined their full powers, found them to be in good and due form, have agreed upon the following:

Article One

In view of the fact that the boundary between China's Sinkiang and the contiguous areas, the defence of which is under the actual control of Pakistan, has never been formally delimited, the two Parties agree to delimit it on the basis of the traditional customary boundary line, including natural features, and in a spirit of equality, mutual benefit and friendly co-operation.

Article Two

I. In accordance with the principle expounded in Article One of the present Agreement, the two parties have fixed, as follows, the alignment of the entire boundary line between Chinese Sinkiang and the contiguous areas, the defence of which is under the actual control of Pakistan.

(1) Commencing from its north-western extremity at height 5,630 metres (a peak, the reference co-ordinates of which are approximately longitude 74°34' E and latitude 37°03′ N), the boundary line runs generally eastward and then south-eastward strictly along the main watershed between the tributaries of the Tashkurgan River of the Tarim River system on the one hand and the tributaries of the Hunza River of the Indus River system on the other hand, passing through the Kilik Daban (Dawan), the Mintaka Daban (Pass), the Kharchanai Daban (named on the Chinese map only)," the Kutejilga Daban (named on the Chinese map only), and the Parpik Pass (named on the Pakistan map only), and reaches the Khunjerab (Yutr) Daban (Pass).

27

(2) After passing through the Khunjerab (Yutr) Daban (Pass) the boundary line runs generally southward along the above-mentioned main watershed up to a mountain-top south of the Daban (Pass), where it leaves the main watershed to follow the crest of a spur lying generally in a south-easterly direction, which is the watershed between the Akujiga River (a nameless corresponding river on the Pakistan map) on the one hand, and the Taghdumbash (Oprang River) and the Keliman Su (Oprang Jilga) on the other hand. According to the map of the Chinese side, the boundary line, after leaving the southeastern extremity of this spur, runs along a small section of the middle line of the bed of the Keliman Su to reach its confluence with the Kelechin River. According to the map of the Pakistan side, the boundary line, after leaving the southeastern extremity of this spur reaches the sharp bend of the Shaksgam or Muztagh River.

(3) From the aforesaid point, the boundary line runs up the Kelechin River (Shaksgam or Muztagh River) along the middle line of its bed to its confluence (reference co-ordinates approximately longitude 76°02′ E and latitude 36°26′ N) with the Sorbulak Daris Shimshal River or Braldu River.

(4) From the confluence of the aforesaid two rivers, the boundary line, according to the map of the Chinese side, ascends the crest of a spur and runs along it to join the Karakoram Range main watershed at a mountain-top (reference co-ordinates approximately longitude 75°54' E and latitude 36°15′ N), which on this map is shown as belonging to the Shorbulak Mountain. According to the map of the Pakistan side, the boundary line from the confluence of the above-mentioned two rivers ascends the crest of a corresponding spur and runs along it, passing through height 6,520 metres (21,390 feet) until it joins the

"Not printed here.