to convene in London next week. Meanwhile my Government and the Governments of Greece and Turkey trust that the measures taken will assure a return to law and order in Cyprus and prevent further acts of violence. It will be clear to Your Excellency, however, that the steps already taken have largely succeeded in their immediate objective of alleviating the situation for the time being and have contributed towards obviating the very real and grave dangers which were inherent in recent developments in Cyprus. I avail myself etc.

R. W. JACKLING

FINLAND

IV-81

FINNISH-UNITED STATES "EXCHANGE OF VIEWS ON THE INTERNATIONAL SITUATION": Joint Press Statement Issued at Helsinki by the President of Finland (Kekkonen) and the Vice President of the United States (Johnson), September 10, 1963 32

During his visit to Finland, Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson had two meetings with President Kekkonen. During their meetings the President and Mr. Johnson had an exchange of views on the international situation as well as on relations between Finland and the United States. President Kekkonen and the Vice President agreed that the treaty on a partial nuclear test ban 33 was a hopeful first step toward the lessening of world tensions and toward general disarmament. They agreed that the United Nations is a vital force for maintaining world peace. While expressing awareness of the obstacles that still lie in the way of securing peace, they reaffirmed their conviction that all disputes between nations must be solved by peaceful means in accord with the principles of the U.N. Charter. In this connection President Kekkonen paid tribute to the efforts made by the President of the United States on behalf of international peace and cooperation.

President Kekkonen and Vice President Johnson noted with satisfaction that relations between the United States and Finland are not burdened by any outstanding political problems and that the traditional ties of friendship between the two countries had been further strengthened. They also discussed a number of matters relating to trade between Finland and the United States. They agreed that both nations had a vital interest in increasing trade between themselves as well as in promoting the further development of international trade.

"Department of State Bulletin, Oct. 14, 1963, pp. 587-588. For the text of Vice President Johnson's address of Sept. 7 before the Finnish-American Society, Helsinki, see ibid., pp. 585–587. For his itinerary, see footnote 85 to title IV-59, ante.

Post, doc. X-69.

FRANCE

[NOTE: For documents relating to France, see Section A, "The Atlantic Community and Western Europe," and Section B, "The Challenge of European Regionalism to the Development of the Atlantic Community," of this part.]

THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY

[NOTE: Because, for 1963, many of the problems of Germany and Berlin were primarily issues in Soviet-American relations, see also Part VI, "The Soviet Union."]

IV-82

GERMAN-UNITED STATES "EXCHANGE OF VIEWS ON A VARIETY OF SUBJECTS OF MUTUAL INTEREST": Joint Statement Issued at Washington by the Departments of State and Defense, February 27, 1963 34

The Minister of Defense of the Federal Republic of Germany, Kai Uwe von Hassel, today [February 27] completed 3 days of meetings with United States officials, including a call on the President, discussions with Secretary Rusk, Secretary McNamara, and other officials of the Departments of State and Defense. Included also was a visit with Secretary McNamara to Headquarters of the Strategic Air Command at Omaha.

35

Minister von Hassel's visit came just 7 weeks after he assumed his present position and follows the visit to Bonn earlier this month of Deputy Secretary of Defense Roswell Gilpatric. This exchange of visits emphasizes the importance both countries place on maintaining and strengthening the close working relationships which have developed between them.

Minister von Hassel's visit provided an excellent opportunity for an informal exchange of views on a variety of subjects of mutual interest, including NATO strategy, the proposed multilateral sea-based MRBM force, and U.S.-FRG cooperative logistics arrangements. The discussions were aimed primarily at giving the Minister the opportunity to meet and become acquainted with United States officials, and no major policy decisions were sought.

Minister von Hassel and Secretary of State Rusk discussed in general a broad range of Atlantic policy matters. The Secretary reiterated the importance which the United States attaches to both Atlantic partnership and NATO, and Minister von Hassel affirmed the Federal

34 Department of State press release No. 108 (text as printed in the Department of State Bulletin, Mar. 25, 1963, pp. 444-445). German Defense Minister von Hassel arrived in New York Feb. 24, visited Washington Feb. 24-28, Omaha Feb. 26, West Point Feb. 28, and New York Feb. 28-Mar. 2, 1963.

35 Feb. 13-14, 1963.

Republic's wholehearted support of both concepts. Topics discussed included the proposed multilateral sea-based MRBM force, the Franco-German treaty of friendship, and German purchases of defense materials in the United States.

36

Secretary Rusk noted certain other current problems, such as Laos 3 and Cuba, with which the United States is presently concerned. Minister von Hassel and Secretary McNamara agreed that a strong NATO is essential to the defense of both Europe and North America, and their talks were devoted largely to ways and means of strengthening the alliance. The discussions covered the proposed NATO nuclear force including the multilateral force, questions of NATO strategy, and the progress of the German defense effort.

In the Department of State, Minister von Hassel also talked with Under Secretary Ball and Assistant Secretary for European Affairs Tyler and discussed the proposed multilateral nuclear sea-based MRBM force with senior officials, including Chairman of the Policy Planning Council, Counselor Walt W. Rostow, and Admiral Claude Ricketts, Vice Chief of Naval Operations. The Minister indicated that he was looking forward to an opportunity to discuss this subject further with Ambassador Merchant and his team when they arrive in Bonn next week.39

Minister von Hassel met separately with Deputy Secretary of Defense Gilpatric to continue their discussions of U.S.-FRG cooperative logistics, which began earlier in Bonn. The German Defense Minister stated that the Federal Republic will continue, as in the past, to make major purchases of military equipment, supplies, and services from the United States. These purchases have been largely responsible for offsetting United States defense expenditures in Germany. These discussions included plans for German pilot training in the United States, the provision of procurement services, utilization of United States maintenance facilities in Germany, and joint United States-German research and development activities.

Minister von Hassel will depart on Thursday morning [February 28] for a tour of the United States Military Academy at West Point and will proceed to New York in the afternoon. He plans to return to Germany on March 2.

Post, doc. IV-89.

See post, docs. IX-69-79. 35 See ante, docs. III-10-42. "See ante, doc. IV-4.

IV-83

GERMAN-UNITED STATES "DETAILED DISCUSSIONS ON THE GENERAL INTERNATIONAL SITUATION": Joint Communiqué Issued at Bonn by the President of the United States (Kennedy) and the Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany (Adenauer), June 24, 1963 +

40

The President of the United States of America, John F. Kennedy, visited Bonn on June 23 and 24 and held talks with leaders of the Federal Republic of Germany. He had a private visit with Federal President [Heinrich] Lübke, and on June 24 met privately with Chancellor Adenauer for detailed discussions on the general international situation. The President and Chancellor were later joined by Secretary of State Rusk, Vice-Chancellor [Ludwig] Erhard and the Federal Minister of Foreign Affairs, [Gerhard] Schröder, as well as other officials and advisers of the two Governments.

President Kennedy and Chancellor Adenauer discussed European integration, relations between the European Community and other nations of Europe, progress toward the achievement of the Atlantic partnership, and the problems of Berlin and German reunification."1 In this connection, they had an exchange of views on Western policy toward the Soviet Union and the countries of Eastern Europe.

The President and the Chancellor were in agreement that the two Governments would continue their close collaboration in the task of developing genuine unity among the nations of Europe and fostering an integrated European Community in close partnership with the United States. On questions of economics and trade, both in their multilateral and bilateral aspects, the President and the Chancellor reaffirmed their agreement on basic aims; among these matters they stressed in particular the need for stronger participation in world trade by the developing countries. They agreed that the strength of the Free World rests in common policies and common aims pursued jointly by all the nations dedicated to establishing peace in freedom.

The Federal Government shares the view of the United States and other allied powers that controlled disarmament 2 and agreement on the cessation of atomic weapons tests 43 would constitute an important step toward the avoidance of a dangerous armaments race.

The exchange of views confirmed full agreement of the principle that the North Atlantic Alliance continues to be a major instrument for the maintenance of freedom, and the President and the Chancellor agreed that every effort will be made to strengthen common defense planning and joint operation of NATO defense forces."4

40 White House press release (Bonn) dated June 24, 1963 (text as printed in the Department of State Bulletin, July 22, 1963, pp. 117–118). For President Kennedy's itinerary, see footnote 80 to doc. IV-26, ante.

See post, docs. VI-15-43.

42 See post, docs X-4 et seq.

43

See post, doc. X-69.

"See ante, docs. IV-20 and 40.

The President and the Chancellor discussed the proposed multilateral seaborne MRBM [medium-range ballistic missile] force.15 The multilateral organisation is considered a good instrument for serving all members of the Alliance in combining their defense efforts. They reaffirmed their agreement to use their best efforts to bring such a force into being. They also agreed that discussions about the principal questions involved in the establishment of such a force should be pursued with other interested Governments.

They reaffirmed the commitment of their two Governments to the right of self-determination, as embodied in the United Nations Charter, and to the achievement of German reunification in peace and freedom. They agreed that the freedom of Berlin will be preserved by every necessary means, and that the two Governments would seek every opportunity to counter the inhuman effects of the Wall. They also agreed that the two Governments would continue to seek to reduce tension through international understanding.

Peace and freedom are prerequisites for overcoming the obstacles that still prevent the greater part of mankind from enjoying full participation in social and economic development. The President and the Chancellor affirmed that the Governments of the United States and the Federal Republic of Germany are determined to assume their part in these tasks in the context of the free world's strategy of peace.

The discussions took place in a spirit of frankness and cordiality. These meetings have shown full agreement between the two Governments in assessing the international situation, and have once again. demonstrated the close and friendly relations which exist between the two countries,

IV-84

GERMAN-UNITED STATES "EXTENSIVE DISCUSSIONS... ON MAJOR INTERNATIONAL ISSUES": Joint Communiqué Issued at Johnson City, Texas, by the President of the United States (Johnson) and the Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany (Erhard), December 29, 1963 40

President Johnson and Chancellor Erhard have held a series of frank and far-ranging talks at the President's ranch in Texas in the last two days. A number of their discussions were private; in other talks they were joined by Secretary Rusk, Foreign Minister Schroeder, and other advisers.

The Chancellor told the President of the deep sorrow and sense of personal loss which the German people have felt over the death of

"See ante, docs. IV-4 et seq.

"White House press release (LBJ Ranch, Johnson City, Tex.) dated Dec. 29, 1963 (text as printed in the Department of State Bulletin, Jan. 20, 1964, pp. 74-75). Chancellor Erhard visited Houston Dec. 27-28, Bergstrom Air Force Base (near Austin) Dec. 28, Johnson City Dec. 28-29, Fredericksburg and Stonewall, Tex., Dec. 29, and left Bergstrom Air Force Base for Bonn Dec. 29, 1963.