clearly goes on to state "but the rights of citizenship shall not descend to children whose fathers never resided in the United States." With the request that the State Department will favor this legation with its opinion as to the political status of Mr. Lippitt and his sons, under the within representation of facts, I have, etc., Mr. Blaine to Mr. Grant. JOHN J. CHEW. No. 179.] DEPARTMENT OF STATE, Washington, January 25, 1892. SIR: Mr. Chew's dispatch No. 218 of the 23d ultimo, relative to the application of Mr. R. G. W. Lippitt for a passport, has been received. Mr. Lippitt, by virtue of section 1993 of the Revised Statutes, was born a citizen of the United States, but he does not appear to have resided in this country in such a sense as to entitle his children to American citizenship. As Mr. Lippitt is now nearly 34 years of age, and during his whole life has resided abroad, having had, since his arriving at majority, a permanent domicile in Austria, the country of his birth, it may be fairly presumed that he has no definite intention of returning to this country within a reasonable time to perform the duties of American citizenship. Unless it is made to appear to your satisfaction that such is his intention, his application for a passport should properly be denied. I am, etc., JAMES G. BLAINE. Mr. Grant to Mr. Wharton. [Extract.] No. 284.] LEGATION OF THE UNITED STATES, Vienna, July 1, 1892. (Received July 16.) SIR: I have the honor to inclose herewith a full copy of the correspondence which has passed between this legation and the imperial and royal ministry of foreign affairs here, concerning the intended expulsion from the Austro-Hungarian monarchy of Leon Spitzer, a nat uralized citizen of the United States, of Austrian birth. Mr. Spitzer's case is similar to many others which have been, and are now, continually being brought to the notice of this legation, many of which cases have already been reported to the State Department at Washington. In view of these continued expulsions of naturalized American citizens, it would seem that the time has come when the Government of the United States should take a firm stand in this matter in order to retain the proper respect of foreigners for our great nation and to secure protection for the citizens of the United States in this monarchy. I therefore ask for instructions and beg to bring to your especial consideration in connection with this subject the case of Leon Spitzer. I have, etc., FREDERICK D. GRANT. [Inclosure 1 in No. 284.] Mr. Grant to Count Kalnoky. LEGATION OF THE UNITED STATES, YOUR EXCELLENCY: I have the honor to place before your excellency the case of Mr. Leon Spitzer, a naturalized American citizen of Austrian birth, who has received notice from the commissary of police of the seventh district of this city of his expulsion from Austria. Mr. Spitzer called at this legation this morning and showed me a legal notification which he had received March 4, directing him to appear before the police magistrate of the seventh district the following day. Mr. Spitzer states that he did as he was directed, and that upon appearing before the police magistrate he was informed that he had been expelled from Austria under article 2, paragraph 5, of the law of the 27th of July, 1871, Mr. Spitzer also told me that he had been informed at the same time that it was his right to appeal his case to the "Statthalterei," which privilege he had availed himself of March 9, through his attorney, Dr. Carl Ritter Schierl von Moorburg. I inclose herewith, for your excellency's information, a copy of an affidavit sworn to this day by Mr. Spitzer, many of the facts contained therein being verified by documents which Mr. Spitzer carried upon his person. From his affidavit it appears that Mr. Spitzer emigrated to the United States when he was less than 15 years old, before he could possibly have been called upon in any way to perform military duty, and it is stated in Mr. Spitzer's affidavit, and this statement is verified by his naturalization certificate, that he resided in the United States uninterruptedly for five years or longer. These facts indicate that all the provisions of the treaty between the United States and Austria-Hungary of September 20, 1870, were complied with and none of them transgressed. It would appear, therefore, that should the police carry out their decree in expelling Mr. Spitzer, they would be violating the said treaty, a condition which, I am sure, the the Imperial and Royal Government of Austria-Hungary would be slow to sanction. Placing the statement and the affidavit of Mr. Spitzer before your excellency, I most respectfully request that his case be investigated, and, should the facts as stated in his affidavit not be proven false, that the imperial and royal authorities will cause that protection to be extended to this citizen of the United States which is guaranteed by the treaty of September 20, 1870. While awaiting a reply, I avail, etc., FREDERICK D. GRANT. [Inclosure to inclosure 1 in No. 284.] Affidarit of Leon Spitzer. VIENNA, AUSTRIA, March 11, 1892. I solemnly swear that I was born at Vienna, Austria, on or about the 28th day of January, 1867; that I emigrated to the United States, sailing on board the Labrador, from Havre, France, on or about the day of February, 1882; that I resided six and a half years uninterruptedly in the United States, from 1882 to 1889, at New York City; that I was naturalized as a citizen of the United States before the superior court of New York at New York City, on the 7th day of January, 1889; that I am domiciled in the United States, my permanent residence therein being at New York City, in the State of New York, where I follow the occupation of ** manufacturer;" that I last left the United States on the day of November or December, 1889, on board the Ems, arriving at Bremen the latter part of 1889; that I have resided at Vienna since July, 1890; that I am now temporarily residing in Vienna; and that I intend to return to the United States within two years with the purpose of residing and performing the duties of citizenship therein. Further, I do solemnly swear that I will support and defend the Constitution of the United States against all enemies, foreign and domestic; that I will hear true faith and allegiance to the same; and that I take this obligation freely, without any mental reservation or purpose of evasion. So help me God. LEON SPITZER. [Inclosure 2 in No. 284.-Translation.] Mr. Welserscheimb to Mr. Grant. MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS, SIR: The imperial and royal ministry of foreign affairs had the honor of receiving the esteemed note of the 11th instant, No. 114, relating to the expulsion of Leon Spitzer, a naturalized citizen of the United States, and has at once placed itself in communication with the ministry of the interior, in order that this affair might receive due investigation. Without desiring to anticipate the results of the investigations which the competent imperial and royal authorities will institute, the ministry of foreign affairs nevertheless thinks proper to direct the attention of the honorable envoy of the United States to the fact that Leon Spitzer is to be classed among those former Austrian subjects who went to America and became naturalized sometime before their liability to military service had actually commenced, but with the intention and in anticipation of the circumstances, to avoid their legal obligations at home. The expulsion of such individuals is based, as shown by reference to article 2, section 5, of the law of July 27, 1871, upon considerations of public order which is threatened to their former home by the sojourn of individuals who emigrated in "fraudem legis;" but it is by no means, as asserted in the above-mentioned esteemed note, a violation of the treaty of September 20, 1870, which would be the case only if Leon Spitzer on his return had been called upon to serve his military term, or had been called to account for nonfulfillment of his military duty, none of which has been the case. On the other hand, it must be observed, as already dwelt upon by the ministry of foreign affairs on a former occasion in the note of March 5, 1890, No. 4746, that every state has a right to expel foreigners from its territory for reasons as above stated, and that the question whether and when reasons for such expulsion exist, can be judged only by an internal point of view. The ministry of foreign affairs reserves to itself the privilege to convey to the honorable envoy of the United States the result of the investigation instituted in Leon Spitzer's case. The undersigned avails, etc., WELSERSCHEIMB, For the Minister of Foreign Affairs. [Inclosure 3 in No. 284.-Translation.] Count Welserscheimb to Mr. Grant. MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS, SIR: Supplementary to the note of March 20 last, concerning the expulsion of Leon Spitzer, a naturalized citizen of the United States, from the kingdoms and countries represented in the Reichsrath, the ministry of foreign affairs has the honor to inform the honorable envoy of the United States that a communication received from the ministry of the interior shows that the opinion expressed in the abovementioned note relative to the grounds which prompted the expulsion, as well as the statement of the steps which the authorities took in their proceedings against Spitzer, have been fully verified by the result of the investigations. The minister of the interior now makes known that Leon Spitzer was expelled forever from the countries represented in the Reichsrath by virtue of an order published by the police dated March 2, 1892, No. 16087, on the ground of paragraph 2, section 5, of the law of July 27, 1871, No. 88, for reasons of public security, which sentence was appealed to by Spitzer and now awaits the final decision of the .statthalter of Lower Austria. The sentence is based upon the following facts: Leon Spitzer, who went to America when he was 16 years old, was naturalized there in 1889, without previously having rendered his military obligations in this country, nor without first having obtained the consent to emigrate, as provided by the Austrian laws, although he was notified by the imperial royal consulate-general in New York, under date of July 16, 1887, by order of the magistrate of this city, to report within six months to the military board of examination at Vienna for the purpose of military duty. Nor have any subsequent steps been taken by Leon Spitzer, or his father (Moritz Spitzer) to justify his son's neglect or to make good his shortcomings. Not until the beginning of 1890, after having acquired naturalization in the United States, Spitzer returned to Austria and took up his permanent residence in Vienna. The above-named having, therefore, by avoiding to render his military duty, and by taking up his domicile here, given a stimulus to actions tending to weaken the armed force of the monarchy. The ministry of the interior adds that the dispositions made regarding Spitzer are fully based upon the provisions of the law and of Article II of the treaty of September 20, 1870, because the expulsion of Spitzer, whose name was struck from the conscription rolls after his American citizenship had become evident, was not decreed as a punishment for nonfulfilment of military duty, but rather as a measure adopted by the authorities for the protection and in the interest of public order. This alone must be regarded as a justifiable and legal act, irrespective of the fact that Spitzer, during his stay and since his return, was sentenced by decree of the court at Hietzing, dated August 26, 1891, for forging a public document, and fined 15 florins for assault and battery. His expulsion for these reasons was perfectly legal, and was demanded by public order and security. In view of all these facts, the ministry of the interior deck; res to be in no position to oppose the confirmation of the decree of expulsion intended by the Statthalter of Lower Austria, but has complied with suggestions made by the ministry of foreign affairs, and has ordered that a sufficient length of time be granted to Spitzer in which to settle his private affairs before leaving the country. The undersigned avail, etc., WELSERSCHEIMB, For the Minister of Foreign Affairs. [Inclosure 4 in No. 284.] Mr. Grant to Count Kalnoky. LEGATION OF THE UNITED STATES, YOUR EXCELLENCY: Upon my return from Buda-Pesth, June 11, I found the esteemed note of the imperial and royal ministry of foreign affairs, dated June 10 last, and signed by His Excellency Count Welserscheimb, in which he says, "that in view of certain facts the ministry of interior declares itself not in a position to cancel the decree of expulsion, which the Statthalter of Lower Austria intends to promulgate against Leon Spitzer." Count Welserscheimb also says in the above-mentioned esteemed note that "the ministry of the interior now makes it known that Leon Spitzer was expelled forerer from the countries represented in the Reichsrath, by virtue of an order published by the police dated March 22, 1892, No. 18087, on the ground of paragraph 2, section 5, of the law of July 27, 1871, No. 88." Upon a perusal of the law of July 27, 1871, No. 88, it seems evident that the imperial and royal police have, in expelling Leon Spitzer, not only violated the treaty of September 20, 1870, but also the law of July 27, 1871. For paragraph 1 of the said law provides that only persons enumerated under a, b, c, and d can be expelled from the Empire, and that their return can only be prohibited after repeated expulsions. Section I, paragraph 2, of the same law, prohibits the police from expelling anyone, not enumerated under a, b, c, and d, of section 1, for a limited time or forever. I do not presume, of course, to discuss any apparent violation of Austrian laws by the Austrian police except when, by such violation or execution, that protection of American citzens which is guarantied by solemn treaty stipulations may be denied to them. In Article I of the treaty September, 1870, the Imperial and Royal Government of Austria-Hungary guarantees that citizens of the Austro-Hungarin monarchy who have "resided in the United States of America uninterruptedly at least five years, and during such residence have become naturalized citizens of the United States, shall be held by the Government of Austria and Hungary to be American citizens, and shall be treated as such." Paragraph 1 of Article II provides for the return of a naturalized citizen of the United States to his native land, and limits his liability to trial and punishment for actions committed before his emigration. Paragraph 2 of Article II details explicitly the military offenses for which a naturalized citizen of the United States, of Austro-Hungarian birth, remains liable for trial and punishment upon his return to his native land, and especially states that a "former citizen of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy, naturalized in the United States, who by, or after, his emigration has transgressed the legal provisions on military duty by any acts or omissions other than those enumerated in clauses numbered 1, 2, and 3, can, on his return to his original country, neither be held subsequently to military service nor remain liable to trial and punishment for non fulfilment of his military duty." Now, recurring to the esteemed note of June 10, the imperial and royal ministry of foreign affairs is pleased to say that the intended decree of expulsion against Spitzer is based upon the following facts: "Leon Spitzer, welcher sich in seinem 16 Lebenjahre nach Amerika begeben hatte, hat dort selbst im Jahre 1889 über sein Einschreiten die Staatsbürgerschaft in den Vereinigten Staaten erworben, ohne hierlands Wehrpflicht Gnüge geleistet, beziehungsweise die mit Rücksicht auf seine Wehrpflicht nach den Oesterreichischen Gesetzen erforderliche Bewilligung zur Auswanderung erwirkt zu haben, ungeachtet derselbe unterm 16 July 1887 vom K. and K. General Consulate in New York über Requisition des Wiener Magistrates aufgefordert worden war, sich wegen Erfüllung seiner Stellungspflicht binnen 6 Monaten der in Wien activirten ständigen Assentirungs Commission vorzustellen. "Auch sind weder von Leon Spitzer, noch von seinem in Wien lebenden Vater, Moriz Spitzer, späterhin irgend welche Schritte unternommen worden um die Versäumniss des Esteren nachträglich zu rechtfertigen beziehungsweise zu sondiren. "Erst Anfangs 1890, also nach erwirkter Naturalization in den Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika, kehrte Leon Spitzer nach Oesterreich zurück und nahm in Wien wieder seinen dauernden Aufenthalt. "Nachdem der Genannte somit die gesetzlich Wehrpflicht augenscheinlich umgangen hat, und durch Gestattung seines hierländishen Aufenthaltes die Anregung zu ähnlichen, die Interessen der Wehrkraft der Monarchie schädigenden Vorgangen geboten wurde." It does not appear that any of these accusations against Spitzer, even if just, could in any way be considered as proof of his violation of the provisions of the treaty of September 20, 1870, or justify his being sentenced to expulsion from his native country under the law of July 27, 1871, No. 88, according to which can be expelled, only (a) a vagabond, or person unwilling to work and who lives upon public charity; (b) or a tramp without home or income and no visible means of support; (c) or a public prostitute who had been warned to leave; or a (d) criminal discharged from prison whose stay would endanger persons and property in the community. It is difficult for one to fully comprehend the statement made by the imperial and royal minister of the interior, that the expulsion of Spitzer is fully based upon the law and upon Article II of the treaty of September 20, 1870, because his expulsion was not decreed as a punishment for nonfulfillment of military duty, when at the same time the imperial and royal minister of the interior says that the sentence is based upon the facts that "Leon Spitzer, who went to America when he was 16 years of age, was naturalized there in 1889, without previously having rendered his military obligations in this country, nor without having first obtained the consent to emigrate as provided by the Austrian laws, although he had been notified by the magistrate of this city, through the imperial and royal consulate-general at New York, under date of July 16, 1887, to report within six months to the military board of examination at Vienna, for the purpose of military duty. Nor have any subse quent steps been taken by Leon Spitzer or his father Moriz Spitzer to justify his neglect or to make good his shortcomings." The object which the President of the United States had in view when he directed his plenipotentiaries to negotiate the treaty of September 20, 1870, was to fix the status of that class of naturalized citizens of the United States who had been born in the Austro-Hungarian monarchy and to secure to these citizens the privilege of returning without molestation to their native land at such times and for such periods of time as they might desire. The articles of the treaty were discussed by the plenipotentiaries appointed by the President of the United States and by His Imperial and Royal Majesty; after the plenipotentiaries had agreed upon each of the provisions of the treaty, the treaty, as a whole, was placed before the proper authorities of the respective countries, when it was reviewed, ratified, and promulgated upon the 1st day of August, 1871. Since the promulgation of this treaty, the Government of the United States has observed in the spirit and in the letter of its writings every stipulation of this treaty. Frankly, can your excellency assert that the Government of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy have done the same? The following facts have been reported by me to the Government at Washington: That the late political conditions of Europe have been such that the goverments of Austria-Hungary have deemed it advisable to change their military laws since 1870 and adopt laws which call for a limited amount of military service from every male subject of his majesty who is capable of bearing arms; that many natives of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy have found it convenient to take advantage of the |