ment shall be expended each year for books and other equipment. To obtain credit, purchases shall be approved by the supervisor before they are made. Books bought for the general school library may not be credited to this department. The purchase of works in pedagogy and psychology shall be deferred until adequate primary material and classroom aids have been accumulated.

A paper cutter, manila paper, and a set of rubber printing type ($3.50) shall be provided for the use of the department.

Instructor. (a) Qualifications: The work shall be placed in charge of a special instructor holding a certificate granted by the State superintendent for this work. Such certificates will be granted only to teachers of approved experience, who seem to have special fitness, who have a knowledge of rural school conditions, and who, in addition, qualify by presenting one of the following:

(1) An advanced diploma from a normal school of this State.

(2) An indorsed diploma from the corresponding course of a normal school of another State.

(3) A diploma from the college of education of the University of Minnesota. (4) A diploma from a reputable college or university.

(5) A professional State teachers' certificate.

(b) Salary: The salary of such instructor shall be not less than $750 a year.

(c) Program: The entire time of the special instructor shall be given to the instruction contemplated by the act.

One-half of the day shall be devoted to classroom work, arranged in four periods; the other to supervising practice work, overseeing the model school, directing the preparation of students for their practice work, directing reference work, guiding the students in the making of charts and the filling of scrapbooks with devices, programs for special days, memory gems, games, stories, outlines, and other matter for future use. Enrollment.—(a) The enrollment in this department shall not exceed 20 for each instructor. The superintendent may, at his discretion, enroll students of sufficient maturity who are regular members of the high school and have not less than four high-school credits, or persons who have taught eight months and are recommended by the county superintendent. The superintendent shall raise the requirements for admission as rapidly as conditions permit and may limit the enrollment to 15. Preference shall be shown applicants whose preparation is superior. The superintendent shall have authority to dismiss students whose work is not satisfactory.

(b) Neither high-school students who desire to remove entrance conditions nor grammar-grade students shall be enrolled.

(c) Students enrolled for this special instruction shall give their entire time to the work. They shall not be permitted to join other classes or to carry outside studies, except that in schools which have proper facilities students in the training department may be encouraged to take up some work in agriculture, sewing, cooking, manual training, or drawing. A corresponding reduction may in such case be made from work in the academic studies.

(d) Students desiring to devote a part of their time to this work may be permitted by the superintendent to do so, but such students shall not be counted as enrolled. Their recitations shall not be allowed to interfere with the flexibility of the training department program, nor shall they be admitted at all should the enrollment of regular students reach 15.

(e) Instruction shall not be modified to meet the needs of students not regularly enrolled in this department.

Practical side of the training.—The board prescribes strict requirements for practice teaching under the regular grade teachers of the school. It also encourages the organization of model rural schools, and expects the student teachers to make frequent visits to near-by

rural schools under the guidance of their special instructor and the county superintendent. This phase of the work is well done in most schools. The regulations are:

Practice teaching.-Each student shall devote one-quarter day or its full equivalent to actual teaching. During that part of the day the student shall be a part of the teaching force of the school and on active duty as assistant to a grade teacher, according to arrangements made by the instructor of the training department. On the first morning of the school year the more capable students shall be assigned to assist the regular teachers in opening school in the different grades. Cloakroom supervision, hall duty, the correction of exercises, the oversight of seat work, tutoring, group work, and the instructing of sections of a grade-into which it may be divided for the pur. pose are the usual forms of work. Mere observation has little value and shall be given no credit. If managed rightly, the subject knowledge gained through preparing for the recitation of groups, sections, or model school classes is more practical and does more to develop independence than the ordinary academic work of the department. The first care of the instructor should be to organize the department as a teaching force, to get the students into the attitude of the teacher, to make them helpful and welcome in the school system. This done, the academic work may be organized with clearer insight. Students who are too immature to fall in with a scheme of this sort, too immature to assist pupils in seat work, or to hear an awkward boy read must not be enrolled in the training department. In the absence or illness of the teacher, two or more students may be put in charge of a grade room, but this shall not be construed as sanctioning any plan to have room work done by students while the regular teacher stands by.

Model school.-(a) The organization of an ungraded model school is encouraged. A principal, with as many assistants as are needed, may be detailed to take charge for a week or even a month. It is desirable that the organization of classes for the work be as nearly as possible the organization most practicable for an ungraded rural school. Such a one-teacher school can not be organized successfully into eight grades; it can be arranged better into three main groups-primary, intermediate, and advanced. Much of the instruction should be through general lessons in which all three groups take part.

(b) The daily program should be framed to serve as a model for a rural school. It should be changed from time to time to meet varying conditions, but whatever changes are made, much attention should be given to general exercises. Not enough of this kind of teaching has been done in the ungraded school. The student teachers should be made to see that, by careful planning, much can be accomplished in even a 10minute period. All should help in planning the general lessons, and each should have an opportunity to act as teacher. By taking notes and collecting materials from day to day, each teacher can become well prepared to do this work in the country school.

(c) Primary pupils entering school at the opening of the spring term may be organ. ized into a model school if so desired. The model school may be managed in such a way at any time as to afford relief to a crowded room or an overburdened teacher, but it shall in no case be constituted one of the grade rooms of the school so as to dispense with the services of a regular teacher.

Rural schools.-The training department shall connect closely with the rural schools. The county superintendent should be as frequent a visitor as his other duties permit. He should give the department practical talks. Arrangements shall be made for instructor and students to visit the rural schools of the vicinity. This is especially desirable at the opening of the term, to acquaint the students with the details of organization and classification as presented in these schools. The cost of transportation is recognized as legitimate expenditure of the special aid,

APPENDIX.

RULES AND REGULATIONS OF THE MINNESOTA STATE DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

Relative to the Consolidation of Schools under the Holmberg Act, Chapter 207, Laws of 1911.

(A) FOR SCHOOLS OF FOUR OR MORE ROOMS.

I. TEACHERS.

(1) Beginning with September, 1913, the principal teacher must present to this office for approval credentials showing special preparation of not less than one year for teaching agriculture and manual training. School boards are advised not to make contracts with principals who have not secured the indorsement of the State superintendent. (The law requires that principals must at least be graduates of the advanced course of a State normal school.)

(2) At least one of the teachers of a class A school must be qualified to teach the elements of sewing and cookery and must have the written indorsement of the State superintendent.

(3) Assistant teachers are required to have the same qualifications as those of graded schools, viz, the teacher of the primary room must be an advanced normal-school graduate and must have had at least one year of special training. All other teachers must hold at least first-grade common-school certificates. High-school normal-department graduates are not qualified.

II. BUILDINGS.

(1) Before any steps are taken for the letting of contracts for the construction of buildings, all plans and specifications must be submitted to this office for approval. They must also have the approval of the State board of health. Such plans must contain provision for flush closets, a bubbling fountain on each floor, a central heating plant, fan ventilation, and lavatories in each closet. Buildings must provide suitable room for a library. There must also be provision for manual training and home economics, with floor space of at least 35 square feet for each pupil taking the work. (2) In order to secure State aid for building, districts must furnish this office with vouchers for expenditures in the construction of the building.

III. BUILDING SITE, WATER, AND DRAINAGE.

(1) Site should be chosen for its central location, effective drainage, and general attractiveness.

(2) In communities where there is no public water supply tubular or driven wells must be provided to furnish water for drinking, closets, and lavatories. A surface well will not be approved. A pressure tank of sufficient capacity must be installed. A gasoline engine or other mechanical power must be provided for pumping water. The overflow from the drinking fountains is to drain over urinals. All overflow from toilets must be carried off by means of sewer or into a septic tank.

IV. EQUIPMENT.

Each room must have at least 100 square feet of substantial blackboard (preferably slate) and be seated with single desks, at least one row of which shall be adjustable. The district must purchase at least $25 worth of library books annually and provide each grade with at least two sets of supplementary readers. Each of the two upper grade rooms shall have an 18-inch pendent globe, one full set of up-to-date maps, including a map of Minnesota, all in cases, one unabridged dictionary, and at least 10 abridged dictionaries.

V. TRANSPORTATION.

(1) Suitable conveyances, built under specifications furnished by this office, must be provided. Wagon specifications will be sent to county superintendents upon application.

(2) No consolidation will be approved under which children must be carried more than 6 miles. It is recommended that no plan be undertaken where children must be carried more than 5 miles.

VI. COURSE OF STUDY.

This will in general be the same as that at present followed in graded schools. This department issued an outline for industrial courses in September, 1912.

(B) FOR SCHOOLS OF LESS THAN FOUR ROOMS.

I. TEACHERS.

(1) Principals, under the law, must be holders of at least a first-grade commonschool certificate. The indorsement of the State superintendent as to ability to teach industrial subjects is necessary.

(2) One of the teachers must be qualified to teach home economics.

(3) All teachers must be qualified as noted above for four-room schools.

II. BUILDINGS.

The regulations are the same as for four-room building, except that heating and ventilation requirements are the same as for a semigraded school.

III. BUILDING SITE, Water, and drainage.

(Same as for four-room building.)

IV. EQUIPMENT.

Blackboard, supplementary readers, library, and desk requirements are the same as for four-room building. The upper-grade room must have an 18-inch pendent globe, a complete set of up-to-date maps, including map of Minnesota, an unabridged dictionary, and at least 10 abridged dictionaries.

V. TRANSPORTATION.

(Same as for four-room building.)

VI. COURSE OF STUDY.

This will in substance conform to that at present employed in semigraded schools, except as to industrial work, outlines for which will be sent to county superintendents in September.

REGULATIONS OF THE STATE HIGH-SCHOOL BOARD

Relative to Schools Seeking Aid under the Putnam and Benson-Lee

Acts.

1. APPLICATIONS FOR STATE AID.

a. Applications shall be made before the 1st day of August of the first year for which aid is asked on the blank form prepared for the purpose.

b. Each school must be listed provisionally by the high-school board before it begins work. If at the end of the first semester it has complied with the conditions, it shall be officially designated for that year.

c. Each school district of less than 18 sections listed for the $2,500 aid is required to effect association with rural school districts so as to embrace within its territory at least 18 sections.

2. AWARD OF AID.

a. The annual award shall be made at the regular August meeting of the highschool board and shall be based on a compliance with the statutes and the rules of this board relative to amount of aid for which the school has qualified.

b. Each school qualifying for $2,500 aid shall receive not exceeding $2,500 per year, and in addition thereto $150 per year for each associated rural school district, but in no case shall the total amount received by any such school exceed two-thirds of the sum actually expended upon such agricultural and industrial department as certified to the State high-school board.

c. Each school qualifying for $1,800 aid shall receive not exceeding $1,800 per year, and in addition thereto $150 per year for each associated rural school district, but in no case shall the amount awarded exceed the actual expenditure of the school for an agricultural department and a department of home economics or manual training as certified to the high-school board.

d. In reckoning aid credit shall be given for (a) salaries of special instructors-in case part time is devoted to this work, corresponding credit shall be given; (b) equipment, including tools and apparatus; (c) supplies, including seeds; (d) labor and team work; (e) reference books; (f) extension work in rural schools and among farmers; (g) transportation of instructors.

3. COURSES OF STUDY.

a. The industrial courses required by law and covered by these rules shall be maintained throughout the school year.

b. The work in agriculture shall include: (a) A course based on textbooks, bulletins, and lectures. Agronomy and animal husbandry shall be given not less than a year each. It is desirable that botany, chemistry, zoology, and physics should be given an agricultural trend, but these subjects shall not be counted as a part of the four years course in agriculture. (b) A general course of one year to include gardening, fruit growing, dairying, and poultry raising. (c) A laboratory course, including physical examination of soils, preparation of weed-seed cases, testing of seeds, testing for butter fat, grain judging, stock judging, etc. (d) Special work along some line of local interest, such as dairying, corn breeding, small grain, potatoes, fruit, meat products, poultry, etc. The school shall not only maintain a standard of general efficiency, but shall develop strength in chosen specialty. (e) The organization of institute work in cooperation with extension division of the college of agriculture of the State university. (f) A short course of three months. In case local conditions are unfavorable the course may be discontinued with the written consent of the inspector.