CHAP. IV. VI. and to have been subsequently continued to the death of Edward IV. To the foregoing, we may add a volume compiled by WILLIAM GREGORY, lord mayor of Gregory's London, in 1451, the year after Jack Cade's rebellion.' Chronicle. (B.) Non-contemporary Writers.-The historical labours of the monks of St. Albans were continued in the fifteenth century by one of the most eminent of the community, THOMAS WALSINGHAM, who was precentor of the Thomas abbey in the reign of Richard II.; he appears to have ham. been the inspiring genius of its scriptorium, and was also the compiler of a History of the foundation. The part of the Historia Anglicana attributed to his pen which relates to the present period, is however almost entirely a compilation from preceding writers already named. In the year 1618 there appeared the History of England from the Conquest to the reign of Edward III., by SAMUEL DANIEL,3 a production deserving of notice Samuel rather for its literary than its historical merits, being a mere reproduction of the ordinary authorities. Daniel. Royal and episcopal Letters.-The chancellorship of Royal and Hubert Walter, in the reign of John, marks the com- Letters. Episcopal mencement of a new source of information of the highest historical value, namely, the Letters, preserved either as entries upon the Close and Patent Rolls, or separately among the documents, and known as the Royal Letters. Those of the reign of Henry III., edited by Mr. Shirley,* are especially valuable in connexion with the history of Simon de Montfort and the state of affairs in Gascony. 1 Collections of a London Citizen. Edited by James Gairdner. C. S. 1877. "Thomae Walsingham Historia Anglicana, forming vols. i. and ii. of the Chronica Monast. S. Albani. R. S. 1863-4. 3 In Kennet ; see supra, p. 217; see also Hallam's Hist. of Literature, iii. 373-4 (ed. 1864). 4 Royal and other Historical Letters illustrative of the Reign of Henry III. Vol. i. A.D. 1216-1235; vol. ii. 1236-1272. Selected and edited by the Rev. W. W. Shirley. R. S. 1862–6. CHAP. Papal Letters of Grosseteste. Roll of Political To Walter de Grey, archbishop of York, and bishop Hugh of Wells, deputy of the chancellor of Lincoln, we owe the earliest existing records relating to the ecclesiastical acts of their respective dioceses. Both the royal and the episcopal letters derived their idea and form from the corresponding documents of the Papal Registry, an all-important collection for the relations of England to the Holy See at this period. These may be consulted in the continuation of the Annales Ecclesiastici of Baronius, by Raynaldus; in Jaffe's Regesta Pontificum Romanorum, vol. ii.; and in the Monumenta Britannica ex autographis Romanorum Pontificum (A.D. 1216-1759) in 50 volumes, edited by Marini. The Letters of ROBERT GROSSETESTE, bishop of Lincoln, dating from about 1210 to 1253, afford much insight into both the political and ecclesiastical history of his age; while the Roll of the Household Expenses of Bishop Swinfield 2 illustrates not only the economy of an episcopal palace, but the whole condition of society in the reign of Edward I. A collection of political and satirical Songs of the period, edited by Mr. Wright, affords occasionally interesting evidence with respect to the popular impressions concerning the chief characters and events of the time.3 Welsh History. The history of Wales, the study of which can best be taken up at this period, must be gleaned from the Authorities Itinerarium of Giraldus (see supra, p. 265), and from the Annales Cambriae, edited for the Rolls Series by the Rev. John Williams ab Ithel. This latter, which is, for the most part, a meagre register of events resembling the earlier portions of the for Early Welsh 1 Letters of Bishop Grosseteste, illustrative of the Social Condition of his Time. Edited by Rev. H. R. Luard. R. S. 1861. 2 A Roll of the Household Expenses of Richard de Swinfield, Bishop of Hereford, during part of the years 1289 and 1290. Edited by Rev. John Webb. C. S. 1854. 3 The Political Songs of England from the Reign of John to that of Edward II. Edited and translated by Thomas Wright, Esq. C. S. 1839. English Chronicle, was probably compiled by Welsh monks and extends from A.D. 444 to 1288. It is interesting as the earliest source of the kind for information respecting Welsh history, and the probable basis of later chronicles relating to the principality. To this may be added the Brut y Tywysogion; or, Chronicle of the Princes of Wales, in the same series and by the same editor. The Annals of the monasteries of Margan and Tewkesbury, in the first volume of the Annales Monastici, edited by Mr. Luard, will also be found of service from the facts they record relating to local history. Other sources, whether for tradition or historical fact, are Gildas, Nennius, Geoffrey of Monmouth, Tysilio, Ponticus Verannius, Wace's Brut, Layamon, Caradoc of Llancarvan, John Brechfa, and the Chronicon Walliae. Of all of these, a concise account will be found in the first chapter of Lappenberg's History of England.1 СНАР. IV. History. Scottish History. The chief sources for this subject are Authorities for Early the series of Documents edited by the late Sir Francis Palgrave 2 Scottish and by the Rev. Joseph Stevenson; 3 the Chronicles relating to Pictish and Scottish history edited by Mr. W. F. Skene,1 who has also embodied the results of a succession of valuable researches in his work entitled Celtic Scotland; 5 and, for the subsequent period, the able work of Mr. E. William Robertson, entitled Scotland under her Early Kings. The theory put 6 A History of England under the Anglo-Saxon Kings. By Johann Martin Lappenberg. Translated from the German, with Additions and Corrections by the Author and the Translator. 2 vols. 1845. 2 Documents and Records illustrating the History of Scotland and the Transactions between the Crowns of Scotland and England; preserved in the Treasury of Her Majesty's Exchequer. Edited by Sir Francis Palgrave. I vol. R. C. 1837. 3 Documents illustrative of the History of Scotland, from the Death of King Alexander III. to the Accession of Robert Bruce. A.D. 1286-1306. Selected and arranged by the Rev. Joseph Stevenson. 2 vols. H.M. General Register House. Edinburgh. 1870. I vol. Chronicles of the Picts, Chronicles of the Scots, and other Early 5 Celtic Scotland: a History of Ancient Alban. By William F. Skene. Vol. i.: History and Ethnology; vol. ii.: Church and Culture; vol. iii. : Land and People. 1876-80. Scotland under her Early Kings: a History of the Kingdom to the CHAP. Freeman, Pauli, Stubbs, Brewer, &c. forth by Mr. Robertson (vol. ii. append. 1), of the original re lations of Scotland to England should be compared with that maintained by Mr. Freeman in his Norman Conquest [vol. i. (edit 2), pp. 117-129, and Appendix G, I, and N], and with his elaborate investigation of the whole question in his Historical Essays (1st series), in the essay on The Relations between the Crowns of England and Scotland. The theory of the English monarchic supremacy may be compared with that involved in the claims of the head of the Holy Roman Empire,—a subject which requires again to be carefully studied in connexion with the history of Richard of Cornwall. The early charters and coinage of the realm are to be found in the collections by Anderson.1 (C.) Modern Writers.—The whole period of the Angevin reigns (1154-1272) has been summarised with his wonted vigour and mastery of the subject by Mr. Freeman in the concluding chapter of his History of the Norman Conquest. The thirteenth Leçon in Guizot's Histoire de la Civilisation en France furnishes an outline which brings out some of the main points of difference between the institutions of France and England during this century. The best account of the reigns of John and Henry III. is that given by DR. PAULI in his Geschichte von England, iii. 294-855. The work of Mr. William Longman, entitled Lectures on the History of England from the Earliest Times to the Death of Edward II., will be found useful in connexion with the period of the present chapter. The prefaces by professor Stubbs to his edition of Walter of Coventry, and by Mr. Luard to the several volumes of his edition of Matthew Paris, together with those by Brewer to the Monumenta Franciscana and his editions of the Opus Tertium and Opus Minus of ROGER BACON 2 Close of the Thirteenth Century. By E. William Robertson. 2 vols. Edinburgh. Edmonston and Douglas. 1862. 1 Selectus Diplomatum et Numismatum Scotia Thesaurus. Edited by James Anderson. Fol. Edinburgh, 1739. 2 The Opus Tertium,' Opus Minus,' &c. of Roger Bacon. Edited by J. S. Brewer, M. A. R. S. 1859. are full of illustrative material for thirteenth century history,--a period which professor Stubbs, in the preface above referred to, designates, as one of the most remunerative of all studies to the careful student.' The ninth and tenth chapters of the ninth book of MILMAN'S History of Latin Christianity supplies a graphic sketch of the rise of the orders of St. Dominic and St. Francis of Assisi. The second part of the ninth chapter of HALLAM'S Middle Ages points out the elements of progress and improvement which England shared in common with the Continent, and the 'four causes' which he assigns of the intellectual advance then perceptible should be carefully noted. In the writer's History of the University of Cambridge (vol. i. cc. 2 & 3), will be found a systematic account of the commencement of the universi y era throughout Europe, and of the rise. of Oxford and Cambridge, together with the history of the foundation of their most ancient colleges.1 СНАР. IV. Lives of Simion de Montfort. The Barons' War (1871) by Mr. Blaauw, Dr. Pauli's Simon von Montfort, der Schöpfer des Hauses der Gemeinen (1867) and the Life of Simon de Montfort (1877), by Mr. G. W. Prothero, afford all the requisite information respecting the great political contest of the thirteenth century. The Lives of Stephen Langton (archbishop 1207-1228), Edmund Rich (1234-1240), Boniface of Savoy (1245-1270), and Robert Winchelsey (1294-1313), in dean Hook's Archbishops of Canterbury, Hook's offer good illustrations of the relations of Church and Archbishops. State in England at this period; while for the policy of Boniface VIII. and its effects in England and France, Milman's Latin Christianity (bk. xi. cc. 7, 8, and 9) should be consulted. The University of Cambridge: from the earliest times to the Royal Injunctions of 1535. By James Bass Mullinger, M. A. Cambridge University Press. 1873. |