Islander's life. When he favored us with his summer presence as a man of family and as President, an enthusiastic Rhode Island had to be restrained from giving him a summer White House.

So I had the privilege here in the Senate to work often with him on measures of mutual importance.

At the close of a day of taxing debate on the Senate floor-there would come a note of thanks personally penned because he felt you had helped him. Later, the White House telephone would be personally dialed-directly and delightfully as he seemed never to have separated himself from our midst. On occasion the President has visited this Capitol-and homesickness has led him to this very door-to peer within-smile at a speaking Senator—and whisper, “It is just as I left it."

And when we visited the White House, he would walk outside with us after the meeting, walk to the gate-and even out on the public street—to our dismay and that of the men of the Secret Service-but to the President's delight.

For John Kennedy loved people-loved to meet them face to face-hand clasping hand-winning the hearts of the world to him.

We and the world have been robbed of all this by the senseless savagery of a misfit mind.

But out of the colossal cruelty was born a closeness of our country. A life of service and a death of sacrifice united a nation, revealing the true image of America.

Even in the depths of the tragedy we saw the far-reaching vision of a leader who sought and saw his successor in a colleague who shared this Senate Chamber with him and with us.

Our country saw the John Kennedy profile of courage was a profile of good counsel, commanding the confidence of the people and the continuity of the government, implicit in his selection of Lyndon B. Johnson-guaranteed by his sharing with him all the problems and programs and potentials of administration from their first moment as a team, to their last moment in the close companionship of that day of happy beginning and finality of deepest grief.

If we speak of a people's grief in that hour, words have not yet been fashioned to tell the torment of his closest of companions-wife and mother of the little family endeared beyond cavil

to all the world-to tell of her torment or of her nobility, as womanhood has ever risen to nobility in the tragic trials of man.

I borrow the words of a religious editor of another faith to record:

In the searing and exacting duties that lie ahead, a quiet, slight young woman has given the United States an example of fortitude and strength that will not soon, if ever, be forgotten. In Jacqueline Kennedy, it has seen a pattern for its own devotion to the demands of the future.

All men bow their heads to the sacrifice and service of woman-sweet even in its sorrow-and strongest under bitterest blows.

When any of us in the Senate speak of those November hours of loss and loneliness, our words must needs be painfully personal.

What have we left of John Kennedy? Shall we count a photograph together-a flight together an autographed volume-a family portrait-intimate letters with a signature that almost smiled as he penned it?

Yes-in our innermost hearts we shall cherish them-and as Senators and Americans we shall treasure all the imperishable words and all the unconquerable hopes of an American who shall possess the dreams and ideals of youth for all eternity.

Time shall never dim nor dull the ringing challenge of the young President at the very doors of this Capitol on the sun-splendored day of his inauguration.

Ask not what your country can do for you-ask what you can do for your country.

John Fitzgerald Kennedy asked:
What can I do for my country?
He lived for it. He died for it.

ADDRESS BY

Hon. Winston L. Prouty

OF VERMONT

Mr. President, some day in the quiet of an evening, when his toys are put aside, a young boy will ask: "What was Daddy really like?"

In that fateful moment, when time stands still and all the world descends upon her, may she who bears the burden of the answer tell no tale

of office gained, of prize attained, of battle lost

or won.

But speak of him who loved the Lord and saw in the least of us the traces of His majesty and in this land the glory of His handiwork.

Or if she choose another way, why then just say: "Your father, John Fitzgerald Kennedy, was a good man."

ADDRESS BY

Hon. Warren G. Magnuson

OF WASHINGTON

Mr. President, the loss to the Nation, the free world, and the free people in the captive world is great. No one in the elapsed time created, in the world, a greater respect or image for what decent people want the world to be, than John Kennedy. Can we but build on his foundation, we can look forward with some hope in this terrible tense world. His decent approach to these should be a model for the betterment of mankind. We can do what he would want by dedicating ourselves to this great cause.

His understanding of our domestic matters was based upon a simple truth. That we were a growing expanding nation and that in these changing times there would be some Americans hurt in the process. Their needs required readjustment. He believed America was strong enough morally and economically to meet the needs of the people. He knew history. He knew that any government that failed to keep up with this responsibility weakened the whole fabric of the country.

The best memorial to him would be a dedication to this basic truth.

His contribution to tolerance was enormous. During 3 years as President, he proved a Catholic can keep his religion and work a precedent, separate and independent, of each other. He was a Christian gentleman. He neither paraded nor preached his religion. He respected others' beliefs and laid no venom or intolerance to it.

He was my personal friend for many years. Even after he assumed the high office of President, he and I never lost that personal touch and on many occasions we met in that period, not on

political or business purposes, but just to say "Hello" again as old friends. I will miss that.

He despised pettiness and bigotry in all human endeavor. His mind was sharp, keen, imaginative, but yet mellow as great scholars are wont to be. This may have well been his spark of greatness. Even in his relaxed moments it was there. History will make that greatness indelible in its appraisal.

To his family my deepest sympathy--but words are so futile-dedication to what he stood for will be more rewarding to me and to them.

But the ways of God work wonders. Maybe the country and the world needed a martyr to tolerance-this is a terrible price to pay. But God does reign in the heaven and thank God, the Government at Washington still lives.

Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent to insert an address by Mr. Clarence C. Dill, of Spokane, Wash., at this point.

JOHN F. KENNEDY MEMORIAL SERVICE (Address of Clarence C. Dill, courthouse, Spokane, Wash., November 25, 1963)

Whenever an orator of ancient Athens arose to address the free assembly, he first offered a prayer to the immortal gods that no unworthy word would escape his lips. So today in the shadow of the terrible tragedy that took our President, I pray no unworthy word shall pass my lips.

We meet in this memorial service for memory and inspiration. John F. Kennedy had not passed on life's highway the stone that marks the highest point. As an English playwright said yesterday: "He was in the summer of his life." The fact is he was pressing forward with all his power, the programs he had proposed.

Although the President is dead, the program of help for the underprivileged of our own country and for the maintenance of human freedom around the world, a program to which he had dedicated his life, must be carried on. During the last 50 years our industrial, commercial, and social life has enlarged so rapidly and so enormously that new governmental remedies have been necessary for new national ills that developed from time to time.

Woodrow Wilson declared his proposed national remedies to establish the New Freedom. Twenty years later, Franklin D. Roosevelt proposed his reforms to give the American people the New Deal. Thirty years later, John F. Kennedy named his remedial programs, the New Frontier.

We are too close to the terrible tragedy that ended his career, to assess what the Nation and the world have lost, but through the gloom of grief we can discern the principal parts of the program he proposed and championed.

When Congress shall have enacted laws that will provide fully for the medical and hospital care of all the aged, and when that reform has been established to extend

those same services to all our people, of whatever age, we shall have the full fruition of his dream for providing national medical and hospital service, whether it be by social security changes or some other method.

When Government and industry are able to cooperate so as to distribute the benefits of automation to aid in the employment of those affected by new machines, that will fulfill another of President Kennedy's dreams.

When all Americans, regardless of race, religion, or national origin, can be educated together, work together and have equal rights of every kind, that will be a national achievement of civil rights for which President Kennedy strove so continuously.

When all the great nations of the world destroy all their nuclear war weapons and make it an international crime for any nation to produce or possess nuclear weapons of war, so no wild man in control of any government can destroy the human race, that will be another victory for world peace which President Kennedy so much desired.

He was the symbol of youth to all the world. His Peace Corps has proved the most helpful organization for improving international relations devised by any nation during the 20th century for that purpose.

In addition to all these services to the Nation, we should recognize how well he protected his country in case of his inability to serve as President. First, he chose Lyndon B. Johnson to take his place, because he was a statesman with broad experience as a leader in the Congress, and second, he acquainted the Vice President with full knowledge of the national and international problems of the administration. As a result, despite this terrible tragedy, our land is bright today. The Nation knows and the world knows a strong man stands at the helm of the ship of state, prepared to weather any storm that may develop. Turning now to John Fitzgerald Kennedy the man: He was born in New England, graduated from Harvard, cum laude, then studied in London and later became an itinerant observer and writer about world events. At 28 he was elected to the House of Representatives; at 38 he was elected to the Senate. He soon became one of the small number of Senators who are known outside their own States because of their independence, their ability, and their leadership. He won the Presidency at the age of 43 and was in the full flower of his leadership at the time of his death.

Television and radio had made millions of common folks feel they knew this man. It will not be easy to go on without hearing and seeing him from time to time by television in our homes. We shall miss the Boston accent of his voice that seemed a part of him. We shall miss too that eager, forward-looking attitude that he so often showed in discussing public questions. We shall miss his wit and charm in parrying political questions or his laughing at his own predicaments in his numerous press conferences. His friendly, almost neighborly style of discussing weighty subjects of legislation and international problems with seeming mastery, made his millions of listeners feel confident that he would meet all challenges with courage, intelligence, and a high sense of patriotism. He had won the respect of the leaders of the Nations of the free world. They looked to him for leadership with hope and confidence.

Although I did not know him as well personally as had I served with him in Congress, I recall an incident in the 1960 campaign when he spoke at the Lincoln Memorial at the corner of Monroe and Main at the noon hour, which like a chip of wood, shows the quality of the whole block.

At the close of his speech I tried to pilot him through the crowds to the Spokane Club. The pressure of those around us wishing to shake his hand and wish him success, was so great at times we could scarcely move at all. When I tried to apologize for not having had a police escort, he laughed and said: "Oh that's all right. I wanted this nomination and this is all a part of the fight."

During 3 years as President, he proved a Catholic can keep his religion and his work as President, separate and independent, each of the other. He was a Christian gentleman. He neither paraded nor preached his religion. On Sunday morning he took his family to the services of his church and seemed to enjoy attending services in the small, unpretentious chapels of the Virginia countryside as much as in the great cathedrals.

No eulogy should omit a tribute to the woman he chose for his wife, Jacqueline. The popularity of her beauty, her style of hair-do's and clothes with the women, were exceeded with the people only by her charming personality. The whole Nation gloried in her redecoration of the White House. She was a first lady of a different kind from all those who had preceded her, and with all this, she devoted herself to her children, Caroline and John, as her first duty.

Early in the administration, little Caroline became the beloved child of all the people. Republican leaders often said they could oppose the President and might find something to criticize about Jackie, but freely said: "There's nothing we can do about Caroline."

Little John, who came as a kind of bonus son to the winner of the presidential election, had not yet reached the age to fascinate the people, but photo flashes show boyish activities which make understandable why his doting father nicknamed him "John-John."

But it was following the crash of the assassin's bullet when he slumped upon Jacqueline's lap that brought forth her hidden strength to meet such a tragedy. She pillowed his head in her arms while his life-blood oozed away as the automobile rushed to the hospital. There, she remained at his side until life was gone. Then she rode with the casket in the ambulance to the airport. In the plane she sat beside the coffin all the way to Washington. Then she went with the body to the funeral home. She remained there until 4 o'clock in the morning when she rode with him to the White House for the last time. Not until then did she cease her vigil of Spartan-like care. But it is that act of delicate, almost infinite tenderness at the funeral home just before the casket was to be finally sealed, of which I wish to speak especially. Alone, she went to the open casket, removed her wedding ring, placed it in his hands, and kissed his lips for the last time a symbol of her love that would last forever. By these acts of devotion, she wrote a new and different chapter for closing the "Profile of Courage."

After this she turned over his mortal remains to the

military for funeral services and burial in that American Valhalla for heroes who have served in time of war, the Arlington National Cemetery.

In all the mythological tales of the love of gods and goddesses, in all the love stories of the kings and queens of history, in all of Shakespeare's creation of love scenes, you will not find such a beautiful, exquisitely fine demonstration of wifely love as Jacqueline Kennedy's act to symbolize her everlasting devotion.

In conclusion let me call attention to the dramatic phase of President Kennedy's taking off. It was near the close of a highly enthusiastic street parade. Just as his car approached the underpass, with his wife's words, "Dallas has been kind to you," still echoing in his ears as he smiled and waved a responding salute to the cheers of those on the sidewalks, a bullet crashed through his brain. While the automobile rolled on into the underpass, his spirit at that moment must have leaped into the skies to his heavenly home and his spirit, even now, may be exploring the space world to which he planned the astronauts should some day go.

I close in the words of James A. Garfield to a street crowd in New York City the night Abraham Lincoln was shot: "God reigns in His heaven and the Government at Washington still lives."

ADDRESS BY

Hon. Strom Thurmond

OF SOUTH CAROLINA

Mr. President, November 22, 1963, will go down in American history as a day of national tragedy. The assassination of the 35th President of the United States on that date shocked and saddened Americans of all political persuasions. That act of perfidy, evidently performed by a man whose mind was poisoned with the Communist ideology which thrives on the totalitarian idea that the end justifies the means, closed a brilliant political career of one of the most personable and popular Presidents ever to serve our Nation. There were many disagreements with President John F. Kennedy's policies and proposals; but his personal popularity, according to public opinion polls, continued at an unusually high level for a man who was continuously in the national spotlight, actively seeking approval of his proposals and actions.

I had the pleasure, Mr. President, of serving with the late President Kennedy while he was representing the State of Massachusetts in this

great body. We were both members of the Government Operations and the Labor and Public Welfare Committees. I particularly remember, Mr. President, the outstanding service which the then Senator Kennedy rendered to this body when he proposed, and then served as chairman of a special committee to select five great Senators of all time from among deceased former Members of the Senate. I was impressed with the selections made by his committee and with the objective manner in which he and his committee members performed their duties in carrying out this assign

ment.

I have always had a high regard, Mr. President, for the late President's appreciation of history, and particularly for his Pulitzer Prize-winning book, "Profiles in Courage." This book placed before each of us serving in the Congress and in public life excellent examples of some well-known and, until then, some little-known public servants who put into practice the high ideal of willingness to stand by the courage of their convictions in seeking to fulfill the trust reposed in them by their constituents.

Our country owes a great debt of gratitude to the late President for his foresight and vision in selecting as the man to succeed him in office, in the event of such a tragedy, one of the most experienced and capable leaders I have ever known. President Kennedy made certain that his Vice President, Lyndon B. Johnson, would be more than just a ceremonial officeholder to preside over the Senate. He helped prepare his Vice President for the awesome responsibilities which descended on his shoulders on November 22, by keeping him well briefed on national policies and decisions and by utilizing his talents, not only to serve our Nation, but also to make certain that the Vice President would be able to carry on the duties of the Presidency with the least possible confusion and loss of continuity.

Mr. President, I have expressed my deep sympathy to the members of the late President's family. In closing my remarks here today, however, I wish to take this opportunity to reiterate my condolences to Mrs. Kennedy, the children, and the other members of the Kennedy family, and also the heartfelt sympathy of the people of the State which I have the honor to represent in the U.S. Senate.

ADDRESS BY

Hon. Thomas H. Kuchel

OF CALIFORNIA

Mr. President, the Senate of the United States, reflecting the poignant feelings of a bereaved Nation and of a mournful globe, pays tribute today to the life and memory of a martyred leader of America, who set his sights on the sublime cause of peace with honor for all mankind.

The late, great, and dear John Fitzgerald Kennedy, our colleague and our friend, emerged from this Chamber to become our Nation's President; and from the steps of this Capitol Building, on Friday, January 20, 1961, taking his oath of office, he cried out to his countrymen, in moving eloquence and ringing phrases, to unite and to move forward "to assure the survival and the success of liberty."

His was the same solemn charge taken before God by all his predecessors back to the beginning of the Republic.

But

He said

the world is very different now.

For man holds in his mortal hands the power to abolish all forms of human poverty and all forms of human life. And yet the same revolutionary beliefs for which our forebears fought are still at issue around the globe-the belief that the rights of man come, not from the generosity of the state, but from the hand of God.

Thus began the Kennedy administration.

The intervening months saw the new Chief Executive set about to move toward America's goals, as he saw the light, in a whole galaxy of executive decisions and of recommendations for new laws. As in the life of any man, there were successes and failures, triumphs and tragedies, as this patriot, acting always as he believed he should, guided our country through days of peril and also through days of hope. Here, unfolding, was an exciting chapter in the life of America, where every conceivable passion, good and bad, where every conceivable feeling, constructive and destructive, made themselves heard in every area across our land.

And then, on another Friday, November 22, 1963, with an appalling suddenness, this valiant man was struck down by a mad assassin; and the people of our country-indeed, those of the

whole world-stunned in disbelief and in dismay, sought to take hold of themselves, for the Government of our Nation must go on and the world must continue to turn. Our hearts poured out condolences to his widow and his children, to all his family, and to the Nation.

The late President was my friend. Courageous and intelligent, dedicated to his responsibilities and to his ideals, surely qualified for leadership, impatient at irrelevance but tolerant in disagreement with any of us, sustained by a sweet sense of humor, loved by a devoted wife and children and family, this grandson of immigrants from Ireland devoted his life to the people, and then gave that very life to the ages.

In his inaugural, the late President said:

How true. Freedom is not divisible. His earnest struggle to perpetuate our freedom, his quest for equal treatment under law for all citizens, marked no partisan boundaries. Rather did they, and do they, and shall they, stand as banners to which men of good will hopefully may always repair.

The world will not forget John Kennedy. The Senate will remember him. Perhaps, somehow, with God's good grace, this appalling tragedy may shock the American conscience into an earnest, prayerful rededication to brotherhood, where liberty and happiness may wash away all the evils which man has done to his neighbor too many times. There, I think, is the path which this lamented servant of the people would want America to tread, in memory of the zealous prayers he expressed in his all too short journey through this life.

Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent to have printed at this point in my remarks, sundry comments by the press of my State of California.

[From Sacramento (Calif.) Union, Nov. 23, 1963]

JOHN F. KENNEDY-IN MEMORIAM

A people grieve for the loss of their President, John F. Kennedy. In profound shock, the Nation offers its heartfelt sympathy to Mrs. Kennedy, the children, and all the family.

Any death of a President in office must have terrific and personal impact upon the citizens; but when it comes so abruptly in the horrible form of assassination, and to a man so young and virile as was our President, then words cannot voice our feelings nor the heart contain our emotions.