Brown of Ohio, Mr. Gathings, Mr. Jensen, Mr. McMillan, Mr. Mills, Mr. Kilburn, Mrs. Bolton of Ohio, Mr. Bonner, Mr. Harris, Mr. Rivers of South Carolina, Mr. Philbin, Mr. King of California, Mr. Whitten, Mr. Abernethy, Mr. Auchincloss, Mr. Dawson, Mr. Feighan, Mr. Fisher, Mr. Hoeven, Mr. Holifield, Mr. Horan, Mr. Madden, Mr. Morrison, Mr. Murray, Mr. O'Konski, Mr. Winstead, Mr. Andrews of Alabama, Mr. Rooney of New York, Mr. Beckworth, Mr. Chenoweth, Mr. Wilson of Indiana, Mr. Fogarty, Mr. Sikes, Mr. Chelf, Mr. Corbett, Mr. Byrnes of Wisconsin, Mr. Fallon, Mr. Fulton of Pennsylvania, Mr. Miller of California, Mr. Morgan, Mr. Powell, Mr. Price, Mr. Rains, Mr. Teague of Texas, Mr. Gary, Mr. Norblad, Mr. Thompson of Texas, Mr. Bennett of Michigan, Mr. Blatnik, Mr. Burleson, Mr. Donohue, Mr. Evins, Mr. Riehlman, Mr. Tollefson, Mr. Abbitt, Mr. McCulloch, Mr. Green of Pennsylvania, Mr. Aspinall, Mr. Bates, Mr. Bolling, Mr. Elliott, Mr.

Ford, Mr. Willis, Mr. Saylor, Mr. Zablocki, Mr. Ayres, Mr. Curtis, Mr. Schenck, Mr. O'Hara of Illinois, Mr. Boland, Mr. Broyhill of Virginia, Mr. Frelinghuysen, Mr. O'Neill, Mr. Hosmer, Mr. Johansen, Mr. Macdonald, Mr. Thompson of New Jersey, Mr. Burke, Mr. Conte, Mr. Keith, Mr. Morse.

The Clerk will report the remainder of the resolution.

The Clerk read as follows:

Resolved, That as a further mark of respect to the memory of the late President the House do now adjourn. The Speaker pro tempore. Without objection, the resolution is agreed to.

Pursuant to the foregoing resolution and as a further mark of respect to the deceased President, the House stands adjourned until 12 o'clock noon tomorrow.

Accordingly (at 12 o'clock and 7 minutes p.m.) the House adjourned until tomorrow, Tuesday, November 26, 1963, at 12 o'clock noon.

PRAYER

The Chaplain, Rev. Bernard Braskamp, D.D., offered the following prayer:

Psalm 112: 6: The righteous shall be held in everlasting remembrance.

O God of grace and mercy, the sudden passing of John F. Kennedy, after a brief life among us of less than half a century, and a tenure of office of only a little less than 3 years, has given clear and glorious contemporary witness and meaning to these words of sacred Scripture.

Today the Members of the House of Representatives have assembled to render tributes of praise and love to the memory of Thy servant, our President, whose mortal body has been laid to rest in Arlington National Cemetery, but whose spirit dwells in the Father's house of many mansions, leaving us to dream how wonderfully beautiful that heavenly home must be since he is there. We believe that at this very hour he is laboring and serving with all his strength and enthusiasm in the spacious and limitless fields of eternity.

As we go up and down the courts of memory and think of that brilliant and dedicated young man, whom millions in this and many other countries so dearly loved and admired, we are calling to mind especially the creative and significant part he had in history's greatest cause and challenge, the establishment of peace on earth and good will among men.

There was enshrined in his soul a deep passion for the welfare of mankind and for all the members of the human family, who are finding the struggle of life so difficult and its burdens so heavy.

By spoken and written word, by arduous toil and travel, he continually bore testimony that this was the vision which stirred his imagination and for whose fulfillment he longed and labored.

The contribution that he has made toward attaining that goal of universal peace and brotherhood will perhaps never be rightly and fully appraised by this and future generations for now we see through a glass darkly and know only in part, but someday we shall see and know the good that passed on from his life into the life of multitudes of others and how much more beautiful the world was made by his presence.

Grant unto the members of his bereaved family who were bound to him by the ties of faith and love, the consolations of Thy grace and the assurance that Thou hast crowned his life with the diadem of Thy praise and bestowed upon him Thy benediction, "Well done, Thou good and faithful servant, enter unto the joy of Thy Lord."

In the name of the Christ, our Saviour and the Prince of Peace, we pray. Amen.

ADDRESS BY

Hon. John W. McCormack

OF MASSACHUSETTS

Mr. Speaker, it can be said that the American people and the Government of the United States-both-have just passed through one of the most tragic events of our history. John Fitzgerald Kennedy, around noon on Friday, November 22, 1963, was cut down by the bullets

of an assassin in one of the great cities of the country that he loved and that loved him. Here was the 35th President of the United States at a high moment of his eminence, and in the middle of the last year of what would have been his first administration, receiving the adoration and the praise of his fellow citizens. The assassin was morally blind, as blind as the bullets from his weapon, to the central fact that perhaps no leader of his people on this conflict-ridden planet since the end of World War II, and precious few before, had so completely captured the imagination of his fellow Americans, and of mankind, as this young, vigorously alive, brilliantly statesmanlike champion of world peace.

The impact of a tragedy so monumental, and the high drama of the violence and the ruthlessness that surrounded it, made the whole world reel as if from a blow that had been struck at the collective brow of mankind and caught it viciously and squarely between the eyes. Not alone the unexpectedness of this calamity but the unending repercussions in the hearts of 190-odd million of his fellow Americans, and among the peoples and in the capitals of every nation in the world, produced a momentary paralysis of comprehension hitherto unknown to the psychology of mass bereavement. This President, who was the enemy of no man, suddenly called forth, by the rude ferocity of his sudden death, a flood of feeling and a depth of understanding from one end of the earth to the other, that is without parallel in the annals of time. Above all it elicited from the American people a new dimension in the quality of their character as a free nation. It called forth from them, on a superb note of dignity, a collective and a massive grandeur in their bereavement that will remain for all time one of the great phenomena of history.

It was as if the people, by the dignity of their response to the peril of the moment, strove to match in their conduct the splendid heroism exemplified in the life of their young President. This feeling of appreciation, of sympathy, of the need for abjuring panic and avoiding an almost pardonable hysteria of despair while feeling the intensest emotion of bereavement, covered the whole spectrum of American life. The political party in opposition, the leaders of practically all

the factions of American political thought-except the most rabid and the most hate-loving— responded with a degree of decency that attested to the great place John Fitzgerald Kennedy had won for himself in the minds and hearts of those who opposed him as well as those who followed faithfully what I believe was his high order of domestic and foreign statesmanship.

The American people admire courage and expect it in their leaders. This President demonstrated it not only physically, dramatically, and actually in violent combat for his country-but intellectually and politically, in the White House, before the country, and in confrontation with the greatest nuclear power in the world, second only to our own, at the very brink of nuclear devasation.

The American people admire boldness in their leaders. This President demonstrated it again and again in his speeches, in his policies, in his negotiations with the great and the minor powers. One has but to review the list of notables who came from the far countries to attend his funeral to realize the faith he had won among the leaders of the world for the integrity of his aspirations for world peace and prosperity and the respect and prestige he had gained for his country in the great capitals of the earth. Many came personally who could have sent delegates carrying with them the highest credentials in a genuine and sincere display of condolence. All mourned the loss of a relatively young man who had proved himself a patriot passionately loving his own country, of course, but a statesman also who was concerned about the welfare and the future of all mankind.

This is no place, and the hour is too melancholy, for a review in detail. But suffice it to say that here, in the coffin now laid to rest on the soft hillside facing the Potomac, is the courage of the President who stopped the Kremlin dead in its tracks when it sought to threaten American freedom with missiles in the weak and helpless island of Cuba.

And here is the statesmanship and the courage of the President whose vision was without hate and without pique and without personal arrogance, or rancor, and who gave to mankind the greatest gift it has known since nuclear physics came into being-the gift of the nuclear test

ban treaty. Much may still depend on the honor or the duplicity of the Kremlin. But through this treaty, without lessening our own strength and without committing more than we are asking the other side to commit, a step has been taken to lift the imminent threat and the unspeakable burden of war and the destruction of the earth. Is it not a tribute to statesmanship of the highest nobility and skill and the most profound integrity that the President who could compel the Soviet Union one day to withdraw its arms from Cuba, could the next day persuade it to come to terms on a matter basically affecting the status of the world's power structure?

This is the hero of the 20th century who has just been taken from us.

In every crisis that John Fitzgerald Kennedy spoke, in every crisis that John Fitzgerald Kennedy acted, he was the President extraordinary.

There rang in his words and breathed in his language the traditions of this country, and the precepts and disciplines of the Constitution which he knew as devotedly and as studiously, as a preacher of the gospel knows his Bible. When he acted in the Cuban crisis that led to the withdrawal of Soviet missiles, both his language and what his journalistic eulogists call his style had the firmness that meant business, and the reasonableness that made Soviet withdrawal possible under terms that gave the greatest possible promise of a nonviolent solution. This is what the historians of the future will put down as statesmanship. We may never know what an immense gratitude the whole of mankind owes to this brilliant young diplomat-statesman for thus, at one stroke, preserving the freedom of the West, and achieving his fixed determination to get Soviet nuclear weapons out of Cuba. All this without the firing of a shot.

Courage. There was an abundance of courage the cool and thoughtful courage that our people admired-when in 1961 President Kennedy made plain to the Kremlin and to the whole world precisely what our position was on the matter of the East Berlin wall. The threat hung in the air that with this piece of evil demarkation standing like a prison menace between East and West Berlin, the Soviets were prepared to block access to West Berlin and the Allies in spite of long-established guarantees. At the most acute

point of this menace, President Kennedy assigned Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson to the scene of the crisis. He backed him up with a formidable display of American military might in the Berlin strategic area. With the presence of the Vice President in Berlin and the evidence of military readiness, the whole of the free world on the other side of the Atlantic breathed more easily. The Kremlin was made to understand the situation in all its reality, and again President Kennedy won his point. And again the process was the process of considered statesmanship and anything but headlong, precipitate or unthoughtout action.

The goal was peace-but peace with honorand that goal, the Kennedy goal, was achieved.

President Kennedy worked with the materials at hand and with marvelous success. He had the habit of success and the design for victory from the time he came to this House as a fledgling Representative from Massachusetts in the 80th Congress in 1946, to the moment when he was felled by the assassin's bullet. He was a success at Harvard, receiving his B.S. degree cum laude. He was a notable and a dramatic success as a PT commander in World War II. His fondness and his respect for American journalism can be traced to his own tour of duty as a newspaper correspondent, and to his authorship of such works as "Why England Slept" and "Profiles in Courage," which won him the Pulitzer Prize. He was outstanding—as I personally observed in the 80th Congress, the 81st and the 82d, and even more markedly an outstanding success as a Senator from the time of his election to the Senate from Massachusetts in 1952, to the time of his election to the Presidency in 1960.

It is no reflection on any of his predecessors to describe President Kennedy as one of the best informed, most knowledgeable, and therefore one of the most accurately articulate Presidents in the history of our country. This was a President who had taken hold of his education and whose education had taken hold of him to the immense benefit of his countrymen and to the enhancement of the prestige of the White House for all time. His state papers and his speeches, which lend themselves to quotation more easily and more effectively than the utterances of any

President since Lincoln, are examples of superior literary workmanship and a school of eloquence that can lift the heart, the dignity, the patriotism, and the distinction of a whole people. We have had strong Presidents and colorful Presidents and Presidents whom we loved as war heroes. But not until John Fitzgerald Kennedy have we had a President who belonged so wholly and so absolutely to the 20th century. He exemplified in himself, by his very breath and image, the very soul of American youth, American vitality, American courage, and American learning and tradition. Here was an American President who expressed in his every word and gesture, the inner essence of this-the freest society of all time. This was a President, who, it seemed to me, looked the way the President of a busy and an active democracy ought to look. He spoke as a President who is the head of a nation to which all mankind looks as the last great hope of earth, ought to speak.

As he will be remembered for his masterful leadership in the field of foreign affairs, our late beloved President will also be remembered for his outstanding leadership in the field of domestic affairs. His progressive recommendations to strengthen America on the domestic level, many of which have been enacted into law, and others in the legislative process of final enactment, are also a monument to his leadership.

But more than any President of our time, he fought for equal rights for all our citizens. He fought for those rights because he so deeply believed in them. There was a deep, abiding devotion to God and God's morality behind the legal social justice for which he fought. John Kennedy never thought of the brotherhood of man without relating it to the fatherhood of God, from which all virtue springs. Here was his inner strength.

in this President a future of peace and prosperity for our country and for the whole of the free world. To see such a prospect for the human race struck down in his prime, at the very gate of massive accomplishments, brings me personally as a friend, and as a citizen, to the very edge of desolation.

What buoys us all up in this moment is the structure of our Government and the quality and the resources of our leadership. This, too, was influenced by the President who so brought the Vice President into his confidence and his activities that the transition is being effected with results that have already made the whole world feel reassured. The enemies of a free society could get no comfort out of the death of John Fitzgerald Kennedy. The strength, the vigor, the decision, and the capacity already displayed by Lyndon Johnson, have electrified our own people and the world and lifted us all out of the deep doldrums of bereavement and despair. What President Johnson is giving us is not only transition but continuity, and continuity is what mankind is looking for and what this Nation wants.

I hope I will be forgiven if I find it impossible to quit this moment of grief without a word of tribute to as remarkable an example of human courage and deportment as this Nation has probably ever witnessed. We, as a people have seen so much and been brought so close to the dreadful drama of November 22, can never forget our admiration for Jacqueline Bouvier Kennedy, the widow of the President. I know of no way to lessen her agony. She is the living proof that as John Fitzgerald Kennedy was a success in war and in peace, in politics and in statesmanship, so he was a success as a husband and a father. The modern communication media helped the whole world to see a quality in human character that must restore respect for human nature in the most pessimistic among us. This young woman proved herself a patrician capable of a display of grace under pressure beyond anything our world has seen in its time.

And I might say, looking through the pages of history, I cannot find therein any lady who underwent the terrible experience that Mrs. Kennedy endured-riding with her loved husband