From that time on, he put forth an everincreasing effort to insure national prosperity, human justice, and world peace supported by the necessary strength of our Nation.

He was called upon to meet crises both at home and in the international field. With each new challenge, he seemed to gain strength and wisdom while the burden of his office bore down with an ever-increasing weight.

It may be said that many of his objectives were not achieved during his lifetime.

Granting that this is true, it may also be said. that through his thinking and through his action and his utterances an untold host of people found themselves viewing their fellowman and the world itself in a changing light.

I am content to leave to history the record of John F. Kennedy, 35th President of the United States, in the belief that history will hold his finest eulogy.

ADDRESS BY

Hon. Lister Hill

OF ALABAMA

Mr. President, as we dedicate this day to the memory of a gallant American who graced this Chamber by his presence during 8 years of his and our lives, we recall to one another the high qualities and splendid accomplishments of John Fitzgerald Kennedy, our departed friend and leader.

No quality among the many that he possessed, in my judgment, and no accomplishment among the many that he achieved, can equal his deeply devoted love of peace and his ceaseless effort to consolidate the peace of the world.

John Kennedy thoroughly comprehended the nature of the times through which we pass. He had prepared himself well for the task he entered upon less than 3 short years ago. As he grappled with all the manifold problems, threats, crises, and dangers which have confronted this Nation during his brief Presidency, he broadened and deepened his knowledge and his understanding of the awesome challenge facing mankind.

Then, just 14 months ago, he stood alone and stared more deeply than any man has ever stared

It is our intention to challenge the Soviet Union, not to an arms race, but to a peace race; to advance, step by step, stage by stage, until general and complete disarmament has actually been achieved.

John Kennedy conceived it to be the supreme duty of his Presidency to preserve the peace. He dedicated his full energies to binding up the old wounds of our world and to preventing infliction of new ones.

He tried by every means at his command to create an atmosphere of mutual confidence and understanding in which agreements designed to protect humanity from the holocaust could be reached and upheld.

In mounting and maintaining for our country the mightiest military force any nation has ever had, it was his solemn determination that this force shall be used only to keep the peace, to prevent war, to deter any adversary from attacking us or our allies.

Because John Kennedy seldom used the word "peace" without linking it to the word "freedom," the peace that he was seeking was not that of surrender to evil, but of the defense of freedom.

The treaty which the Senate ratified only a few weeks ago, ending nuclear experiments in the sky above us, in outer space and beneath the waters, John Kennedy intended to be only the first step toward the abolition of war as an instrument of national policy.

When the foul deed that struck him down was committed, he was already searching ahead for new ways of reducing the unbearable tensions which grip all mankind.

He saw in the exploration of outer space vast implications for the human spirit-the reactivation of the innate curiosity of the mind of man— new opportunities for the exercise of maximum

ingenuity-wholly new, unexplored frontiers for American genius-an end to the suffocating atmosphere of complacency and frustration. He knew that our age, the age of space, demands the highest order of initiative, intellectual cultivation, and attainment that has ever been required in any previous day in the history of this planet, and he urged us to follow the course of excellence in all things.

John Kennedy wanted America to lead the world toward peace, toward freedom, toward justice, toward a renaissance of civilization.

He wanted America to lead the world in unlocking the mysteries of the universe around us. It fell to him to be our President at the moment when the revolution in military weaponry is reaching its apogee, when people everywhere have come face to face with the nightmare of the possible extinction of the human race.

Deriving from his own deep religious sentiment, carried forward by his luminous intelligence, expressed in scores of eloquent pronouncements, and sustained with ardor and bravery, the central purposes of the life of John F. Kennedy, I believe, were these:

To impel human beings everywhere to understand themselves and their fellow men, to oblige every person who loves God to give of himself rather than to demand of others, to follow the ancient Greek injunction, "know thyself," and the ancient Biblical command, "love thy neighbor," to practice rather than to preach the Gospel of the Prince of Peace, to "remark not the mote in thy brother's eye but the beam in thine own." May God grant that we shall have the wisdom and the humility to follow in the path of peace on which he led us.

ADDRESS BY

Hon. Frank Carlson

OF KANSAS

Mr. President, as we meet to commemorate the memory of one of our famous former Members, John F. Kennedy, our thoughts bring to mind many facets of his impressive career of public service.

Those of us who had the privilege to serve with him in this body had an opportunity to ob

serve and feel his keen interest in humankind, his dedication to the preservation of this Republic, his firm and abiding faith in his God, and his determination to devote untiring effort to promote peace in the world.

Much will, and should, be said about his service to our country and the nations of the world, but I want to direct my remarks to the spiritual qualities of this great man.

For many years I have been president of the International Council for Christian Leadership, and in this position presided at three Presidential prayer breakfasts in which President Kennedy participated.

At the first prayer breakfast, March 3, 1961, following his inauguration as President, he spoke in part as follows:

I think it is most appropriate that we should be gathered together for this morning's meeting. This country was founded by men and women who were dedicated, or came to be dedicated, to two propositions: First, a strong religious conviction, and secondly, a recognition that this conviction could flourish only under a system of freedom. I think it is appropriate that we pay tribute to this great constitutional principle which is enshrined in the first amendment of the Constitution, the principle of religious independence, of religious liberty, of religious freedom. But I think it's also important that we pay tribute and acknowledge another great principle and that is the principle of religious conviction. Religious freedom has no significance unless it is accompanied by conviction, and therefore, the Puritans and the Pilgrims in my own section of New England, the Quakers of Pennsylvania, the Catholics of Maryland, the Presbyterians of North Carolina, the Methodists and Baptists who came later, all share these two great traditions which like silver threads have run through the warp and the woof of American history.

At the beginning of the second year of his administration, speaking at the annual Presidential prayer breakfast March 23, 1962, he spoke in part as follows:

I want to, as President, express my appreciation to all those whose efforts make this breakfast possible. This is only one of a worldwide effort, I believe, to build a closer and more intimate association among those of different faiths, in different countries, in different continents, who are united by a common belief in God, and therefore united in a common commitment to the moral order and as Governor Daniel said, “a relationship of the individual to the state."

On our program this morning, there is a quotation from Lincoln which I think is particularly applicable today. He said, "I believe there is a God. I see the storm coming, and I believe He has a hand in it. If He has a part and a place for me, I believe that I am ready." We see

the storm coming; and we believe He has a hand in it.

And if He has a place and a part for us, I believe that we are ready.

This year, February 11, 1963, speaking at the 11th annual Presidential prayer breakfast, President Kennedy spoke in part as follows:

We cannot depend solely on our material wealth, on our military might, or on our intellectual skill or physical courage to see us safely through the seas that we must sail in the months and years to come.

Along with all of these we need faith. We need the faith with which our first settlers crossed the sea to carve out a state in the wilderness, a mission they said in the Pilgrims' Compact, the Mayflower Compact, undertaken for the glory of God. We need the faith with which our Founding Fathers proudly proclaimed the independence of this country to what seemed at that time an almost hopeless struggle, pledging their lives, their fortunes and their sacred honor with a firm reliance on the protection of divine providence. We need the faith which has sustained and guided this Nation for 175 long and short years. We are all builders of the future, and whether we build as public servants or private citizens, whether we build at the national or local level, whether we build in foreign or domestic affairs, we know the truth of the ancient Psalm, "Except the Lord build the house, they labor in vain that build it."

These quotations from President Kennedy reveal his sublime faith in his Creator and his dependence on his God to guide and direct him as he led this Nation through nearly three stable and prosperous years. As a legacy to him, we should rededicate ourselves to carry on in the faith that helped in dark and troublesome periods in his life of service.

As a part of these remarks, I ask unanimous. consent to include an expression of sympathy adopted by the All-Student Council of Kansas University on November 23, 1963.

The All-Student Council of the University of Kansas acknowledges with grief the tragic assassination of the President of the United States, John F. Kennedy. The very foundation of our democratic system is the peaceful settlement of disputes and change of governments. Americans and foreign students alike realize that the United States of America has lost more than a great President. The world has lost a statesman and mankind has lost a friend. The cause for which the late President died was consistent with the causes for which he fought. The country must move on, as it will of course, united behind a new President. Yet the Republic will never be the same without the leadership of this man who asked of the people the same devotion he offered them. Respectfully,

Concurred in by:

JOHN E. STUCKEY, Jr.

REUBEN MCCORMACK,
Student Body President,
The University of Kansas.

ADDRESS BY

Hon. Richard B. Russell

OF GEORGIA

Mr. President, on rare occasions in history figures appear on the world stage to capture the attention and excite the imagination of all mankind.

Such a figure was John Fitzgerald Kennedy. Around him was the aura of the of chivalry. age The world saw him as the young knight with the courage of a lion and the soul of a poet who sprang almost from oblivion to world leadership and dared to challenge the dragons of war and human misery.

The tragic manner of his passing brought universal grief.

Nothing that I might say about his ability and statecraft can approach in eloquence the lofty tributes paid him by the leaders of the nations of the earth. No mortal words can reflect greater sincerity than the tears of millions of the humble who felt that they had lost a great and good friend.

It was my high privilege to have known this man personally and to have enjoyed several years of association with him. Among his other admirable attributes, he was a man of tolerance and understanding. He fought hard for those things in which he believed, but he well knew that all men would not see the same issue in the same light. He would have been the last to have expected anyone to stultify conviction merely to conform to his opinions.

This world is a much better place because he lived and passed this way. Some of his ideas and ideals will forever encourage and assist men in the quest for peace, justice, and the good life for all. May he rest in peace.

ADDRESS BY

Hon. John J. Sparkman

OF ALABAMA

Mr. President, I wish to join my colleagues in the Senate in paying tribute to the memory of our late President and former colleague in this body.

I knew Jack Kennedy when he first came to Congress. Later, of course, when he came to the Senate I came to know him even better. For a time he was a member of the Senate Small Business Committee of which I was chairman. Still later, he became a member of the Foreign Relations Committee on which I was serving. We served together on that committee and worked together until he assumed the Presidency.

I often think of Jack Kennedy as a Member of the Senate standing at his desk on the back row just under the clock. I have watched him so many times in presenting issues in which he was interested and in managing bills here on the floor of the Senate. I often watched him and was amazed at his tremendous grasp of facts in connection with any measure that he was handling. I was intrigued by his gentleness in debate, his willingness to listen with patience to the arguments that others might have and to work out differences with reference to legislation. He was an able and effective legislatorserious, conscientious, and dedicated.

So many times do I remember seeing him hobbling around the Senate on crutches or with a cane as a result of injuries received in the crash of his famed PT-109.

I have read of his experiences in the South Pacific during the war and have been impressed with the thought: Here was a man. I have read his book "Profiles in Courage" written from a hospital bed recovering from surgery that carried him to the brink of death.

It was my privilege to be closely associated. with him at the time of his inauguration. I remember those friendly contacts that we had and I keep with pride on my office walls various pictures and mementos that he gave to me in connection with that inauguration.

While he was serving as President I was often in his office at the White House. I have seen the friendly manner in which he talked to adults and children with equal ease from his rocking chair.

I have seen him out on trips in Tennessee, Alabama, other places throughout the country, speaking to great crowds and then going among the people to speak to them and to talk with them.

He was a man of great intellect and sincerity of purpose. He was a man of courage as was

amply demonstrated by his confrontation with Premier Khrushchev. He was truly a leader of the free world who built steadily a greater strength for our country and the free world to the end that Khrushchev openly admitted our overwhelming superiority. Through this strength he was able to push steadily for an advance toward peace. In my opinion he did more than any other person in our time toward getting the world started toward peacea durable, universal and dependable peace. We shall remember his work, and future generations will learn of it, in the cause of world peace and will, because of it, call him blessed.

He has been taken away at the time that his free world leadership was recognized throughout the world—at a time when he was still a young man with great promise ahead. We mourn with all the world his untimely death.

Behind him he left his devoted wife and two precious children. Mrs. Sparkman and I extend to them our deepest sympathy. May God watch over and keep them.

ADDRESS BY

Hon. Clinton P. Anderson

OF NEW MEXICO

Mr. President, in May 1962, the first White House Conference on Conservation in 54 years was convened here in Washington. The President of the United States, who called that historic meeting, addressed the closing session of the Conference. With his eyes on the horizon, his thoughts on the future, John Fitzgerald Kennedy declared:

I don't think there is anything that could occupy our attention with more distinction than trying to preserve for those who come after us this beautiful country which we have inherited.

In his first message on natural resources sent to the Congress in 1961, President Kennedy declared:

From the beginning of civilization, every nation's basic wealth and progress has stemmed in large measure from its natural resources. This Nation has been, and is now, especially fortunate in the blessings we have inherited. Our entire society rests upon-and is dependent upon our water, our land, our forests, and our minerals.

How we use these resources influences our health, security, economy, and well-being.

But if we fail to chart a proper course of conservation and development-if we fail to use these blessings prudently-we will be in trouble within a short time.

There are many accomplishments in many fields which can be attributed to the regrettably brief administration of John Kennedy. Foremost among these are the achievements in the wise use and protection of the Nation's endowment of natural resources. And under this heading a distinguished record was created in adding to the national parks system, new areas of recreation, historic and scenic value. President Kennedy dramatized and articulated the fact that a rapidly growing, increasingly mobile population required a vigorous program of outdoor recreation planning and development by government at all levels. I dwell on this aspect of conservation today only because it is a subject of close personal interest.

During his first 2 years of office, 13 new national parks, historic sites, memorials and monuments were authorized by Congress or created by President Kennedy by Executive order. Sometime ago I commented that the Kennedy administration was well on its way to one of the most distinguished national parks records in history.

Midway through President Kennedy's first year in office, he signed into law the act creating Cape Cod National Seashore-the first major addition to our national park system in 16 years. John Kennedy had a long and intimate tie with this stretch of sea and sand and marshland. He introduced the bill to create the park and later, as President, put his signature to the act. In another century, another distinguished son of Massachusetts, Henry Thoreau, said of the great stretch at Cape Cod:

A man may stand there and put all America behind him.

Cape Cod blazed the trail for establishment of other seashore areas. Thirty miles north of San Francisco, Point Reyes National Seashore was created, accessible to 5 million people living within 100 miles. That was in early September of 1962, and before that month was out the President's pen again had signed the act of Congress creating Padre Island National Seashore.

So from the Atlantic, to the Gulf of Mexico,

and on to the Pacific shoreline, 285 miles of unspoiled seacoast have been protected for public

use.

By Executive order, President Kennedy created Buck Island Reef National Memorial in the Virgin Islands, thus protecting a coral barrier reef.

And while he was stimulating the creation of recreation areas by the sea, President Kennedy also urged favorable congressional action to bring into being new parklands in interior Americain Nevada, in Missouri, in Arizona, along the Indiana lakeshore, in Utah, and on the dunes of Lake Michigan.

President Kennedy called our attention to a new natural resources problem, generally unrecognized 30 years ago. This is the necessity to encourage preservation of open space in and near our urban centers. Increasingly ours is an urban population. Even modest projections show that in merely 7 years an area roughly equal to the combined size of Maryland and Delaware will be engulfed by advancing urbanization. For the well-being of our people, the conservation of natural, green acres in and near urban centers is imperative.

President Kennedy declared in 1961 that "Land is the most precious resource of the metropolitan area." Deploring the present pattern of haphazard suburban sprawl, he won inclusion in the open-space land program in the 1961 Housing Act. Already, in 26 States, 114 grants are making communities more pleasant, better places in which to live.

The administration program for urban renewal demonstration grants induced several States to begin evaluations of their open space needs. New Jersey and Pennsylvania are studying the Philadelphia metropolitan region. Wisconsin is seeking to determine the best use of its waterfront lands with all their potential for outdoor recreation.

An early request by President Kennedy to Congress was for legislative protection of the Nation's remaining wilderness areas. Preserved, these areas will stand as living reminders of the natural wilderness from which this Nation was wrested, and as a timeless gift of immeasurable value to future Americans.

President Kennedy sought the creation of a comprehensive Federal recreation lands program