20. 5.080 30. 7.620 40. 10.160 5.334 5.588 8.636 11.176 50. 60.. 70. 80. 20.320 20.574 20.828 90. 8.128 8.382 10.668 10.922 12.700 12.954 13.208 13.462 13.716 13.970 14.224 14.478 14.732 14.986 16.002 16.256 16.510 16.764 17.018 17.272 17.526 18.542 18.796 19.050 19.304 19.558 19.812 20.066 21.082 21.336 21.590 21.844 22.098 22.352 22.606 15.240 15.494 15 748 18.288 22.860 23.114 23.368 23.622 23.876 24.130 24.384 24.638 24.892 25.146 8.890 9.144 9.398 Millimeters. 0. 10.. 20. 30. 40. 50. 60. 70. 80. 90.. Troy pounds. .78740 Millimeters to Decimals of an Inch. (From 1 to 99 units.) 4. 6. 7. 1. 2. 5. 8. 9. 0 0.03937 0.07874 0.11811 0.15748 0.19685 0.23622 0.27559 0.31496 0.35433 0.39370 .13307 .47244 .51181 .55118 .59055 .62992 .66929 .70866 .74803 .82677 .86614 .90551 .94488 .98425 1.02362 1.06299 1.10236 1.14173 1.18110 1.22047 1.25984 1.29921 1,33858 1.37795 1.41732 1.45669 1.49606 1.53543 1.57480 1.61417 1.65354 1.69291 1.73228 1.77165 1.81102 1.85039 1.88976 1.92913 1.96850 2.00787 2.04724 2.08661 2.12598 2.16535 2.20472 2.24409 2.28346 2.32283 2.36220 2.40157 2.44094 2.48031 2.51968 2.55905 2.59842 2.63779 2.67716 2.71653 2.75590 2.79527 2.83464 2.87401 2.91338 2.95275 2.99212 3.03149 3.07086 3.11023 3.14960 3.18897 3.22834 3.26771 3.30708 3.34645 3.38582 3.42519 3.46456 3.50393 3.54330 3.58267 3.62204 3.66141 3.70078 3.74015 3.77952 3.81889 3.85826 3.89763 Various Tons and Pounds Compared. Avoirdupois (In use in the United States.) 1. 0.822 857.. 0.373 24.. 2 1.215 28 1. 0.453 59. 1.360 78.. 0.0015. 0.001 339 29.. 0.001 360 78 STATUTORY WEIGHTS OF THE BUSHEL." ::: MEN: :: : : : : : : : | Bran. NEN: : : : : : : NNNN:: 2:: 8: 886: 2: : 684: 22: 8: 888EF: :: S8688: : 88: : : : : &: 88888888: 888888: 88888888888: 889828: 888: 88: 2: 28 ::: 8: 8: : 8: : : 8: : : : : : : : : ::: Carrots. | Potatoes, sweet. Potatoes. Irish. :: RESE: : : : 88: 88:: ::::::| Turnips. 88888: 8: 8::: 8:: 8::: 8:: 8:28 Peas. 5: : 92323: 28: 888: 43: 2934828: 8: 99969: : 98: : 89: ::: | Onions. 8::: 8: 88: 8:: 888: : : : : 8: 8::: ::::: @::::::::::::| Beets. 88: 88888:8:: 8888888888888: 8: 88888: : 88: : 88: 888: Beans. 6:: 88828: 8: : 888: 60 56 32 6056 32 48 60 56 32 48 48 56 60 56 30 48 52 56 60 56 32 48 42 56 GO 56 32 48 52 56.. 8 :33333 : : : 3333 3 : :=: ::: :::8:99: : :9 : :99999 19 :9999999 : 19 :998 : 19 199999 199 1:33:13:33 : Hemp seed. Castor beans. Millet. Flax seed. 8888888: 888888882: 8888888::: 888883: 8::: 88: 8: :: Clover seed. LONGEST RAILWAY TUNNELS, Ronco, Italy. 183 Tenda, Italy. 135 Transandine, Chile-Argentina. 75 Otira, New Zealand Karawanken, Austria. 103 Ivory 84 84 Lead ..... 256 Mahogany Maple 106 Beer 102 270 1,683 103 Hoosac, United States 104 Borzallo, Italy. Cedar 117 Severn, England. 700 636 134 Turchina, Italy 10 Cider 150 Wocheiner, Austria 1.647 Coal 130 Porcelain 236 Mont d'Or. France-Switzerland.. 1.320 .047 Albula, Switzerland. 1.150 Cork 783 Totley, England. 950 Diamond 203 Peloritana, Sicily.. 686 Ebony 133 Tin Fir 55 Turpentine 729 Gravehals, Norway, 516 62 17 100 Cascade, United States. 1.080 816 STATE MOTTOES. Following are the mottoes adopted by the various states of the union and appearing on their state seals except as otherwise noted: Alabama-Here we rest. Arizona-Ditat Deus (God enriches). transtulit sustinet (Who transplanted sustains). Georgia-Wisdom, justice, moderation. Iowa Our liberties we prize and our rights we will maintain. Kansas-Ad astra per aspera (To the stars through difficulties). Kentucky-United we stand, divided we fall. Maryland-Patti maschii, parole femine (Deeds, men; words, women). Massachusetts-Ense petit placidam sub libertate quietem (By the sword he seeks repose settled under liberty). Michigan-Si quæris peninsulam amœnam, circumspice (If you seek a delightful peninsula, look about you). Minnesota-L'etoile du nord (Star of the State. Alabama.. Arizona.. Arkansas. California.. Colorado. Connecticut. Delaware.. Florida. Georgia.. Idaho. Illinois Indianat. Iowa.. STATE NICKNAMES Flower. Nickname. Centennial state Columbine. Cracker state... Cherokee rose. Sucker state... Violet. Missouri. New York-Excelsior (Higher). North Carolina-Esse quam videri (To be rather than to seem). North Dakota-Liberty and union, now and forever, one and inseparable. Ohio (No motto). Oklahoma-Labor omnia vincit (Labor con- Pennsylvania-Virtue, liberty and independence. opibusque parati (Ready in soul and resource) and Dum spiro spero While I breathe I hope). South Dakota-Under God the people rule. Tennessee-Agriculture, commerce. Texas-Has no official motto, but "Texas-one and indivisible," adopted by the Daughters of the Republic of Texas, is sometimes used. Utah-Industry. (State seal indicates industry and independence.) Vermont-Freedom and unity. Virginia-Sic semper tyrannis (Thus ever to tyrants). Washington-(No motto). West Virginia-Montani semper liberi (Moun- United States-E pluribus unum (Out of many, one). N. Hampshire. Granite state. Flower. The above_gem_symbols are those of Polish tradition. The Jewish gem symbols of the months are: January, garnet: February, amethyst: March, jasper; April, sapphire: May, chalcedony, carnelian or agate: June, emerald: July. onyx: August, carnelian: September, chrysolite: October, aquamarine or beryl; No vember, topaz: December, ruby. The birth stones authorized by the American Jewelers' association are: January, garnet: February, amethyst; March, aquamarine, blood. stone: April, diamond; May, emerald: June, pearl, moonstone: July, ruby; August. stone, peridot: September, sapphire: October, opal, tourmaline; November, topaz: December, turquoise, lapis lazuli. moon 74 CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. PREAMBLE. We, the people of the United States, in order to form a more perfect union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquillity. provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity. do ordain and establish this constitution for the United States of America: ARTICLE I. Section I. All legislative powers herein granted shall be vested in a congress of the United States, which shall consist of a senate and house of representatives. shall be president of the senate, but shall have no vote unless they be equally divided. 5. The senate shall choose their other officers and also a president pro tempore in the absence of the vice-president or when he shall exercise the office of president of the United States. 6. The senate shall have the sole power to When sitting for that try all impeachments. purpose they shall be on oath or affirmation. When the president of the United States is tried the chief justice shall preside, and no conperson shall be convicted without the currence of two-thirds of the members present. 7. Judgment, in cases of impeachment, shall not extend further than to removal from office and disqualification to hold and enjoy any Sec. II. 1. The house of representatives shall be composed of members chosen every second year by the people of the several states, and the electors in each state shall have the qual-office of honor, trust or profit under the United ifications requisite for electors of the most numerous branch of the state legislature. 2. No person shall be a representative who shall not have attained to the age of 25 years and been seven years a citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an inhabitant of that state in which he shall be chosen. 3. Representatives and direct taxes shall be apportioned among the several states which may be included within this union, according to their respective numbers, which shall be determined by adding to the whole number of free persons, including those bound to service for a term of years, and excluding Indians not The taxed, three-fifths of all other persons. actual enumeration shall be made within three years after the first meeting of the congress of the United States, and within every subsequent term of ten years, in such manner as The number of repthey shall by law direct. one for every resentatives shall not exceed 30.000, but each state shall have at least one representative, and until such enumeration shall be made the state of New Hampshire shall be entitled to choose three: Massachusetts, eight; Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, one: Connecticut, five; New York, six; New Jersey, four: Pennsylvania, eight: Delaware, one; Maryland, six: Virginia, ten: North Carolina, five; South Carolina, five, and Georgia, three. 4. When vacancies happen in the representation from any state the executive authority thereof shall issue writs of election to fill such vacancies. 5. The house of representatives shall choose their speaker and other officers and shall have the sole power of impeachment, Sec. III. 1. The senate of the United States shall be composed of two senators from each state, chosen by the legislature thereof. for six years, and each senator shall have one vote. 2. Immediately after they shall be assembled in consequence of the first election they shall be divided, as equally as may be, into three classes. The seats of the senators of the first class shall be vacated at the expiration of the second year; of the second class, at the expiration of the fourth year, and of the third class at the expiration of the sixth year, so that one-third may be chosen every second year, and if vacancies happen by resignation or otherwise, during the recess of the legislature of any state, the executive thereof may make temporary appointments until the next meeting of the legislature, which shall then fill such vacancies. 3. No person shall be a senator who shall not have attained the age of 30 years and been nine years a citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an inhabitant of that state for which he shall be chosen. 4. The vice-president of the United States States, but the party convicted shall, nevertheless, be liable and subject to indictment, trial, judgment and punishment according to law. Sec. IV. 1. The times, places and manner of holding elections for senators and representatives shall be prescribed in each state by the legislature thereof, but the congress may at any time, by law, make or alter such regulations, except as to the places of choosing senators. 2. The congress shall assemble at least once in every year, and such meeting shall be on the first Monday in December, unless they shall, by law, appoint a different day. Sec. V. 1. Each house shall be the judge of the elections, returns and qualifications of its own members, and a majority of each shall constitute a quorum to do business, but a smaller number may adjourn from day to day. and may be authorized to compel the attendance of absent members, in such manner and under such penalties as each house may provide. 2. Each house may determine the rules of its proceedings, punish its members for disorderly behavior, and, with the concurrence of two-thirds, expel a member. 3. Each house shall keep a journal of its proceedings, and from time to time publish the same, excepting such parts as may, in their judgment, require secrecy: and the yeas any question, shall, at the desire of one-fifth and nays of the members of either house, on of those present, be entered on the journal. 4. Neither house, during the session of congress, shall, without the consent of the other. other place than that in which the two adjourn for more than three days. nor to any houses shall be sitting. Sec. VI. 1. The senators and representatives shall receive a compensation for their services, to be ascertained by law and paid out of They shall, the treasury of the United States. 2. No senator or representative shall, during the time for which he was elected, be appointed to any civil office under the authority of the United States which shall have been created, or the emoluments whereof shall have been increased, during such time, and no person holding any office under the United States shall be a member of either house during his continuance in office. Sec. VII. 1. All bills for raising a revenue shall originate in the house of representatives, but the senate may propose or concur with amendments, as on other bills. 2. Every bill which shall have passed the house of representatives and the senate shall, |