punished by a fine not to exceed ten dollars for the first offense, and not to exceed twenty dollars for each subsequent offense, said fines to include all costs; but the court trying the case may, in its discretion, suspend enforcement of the punishment, if the child be immediately placed in attendance at a school as aforesaid, and may finally remit the same if such attendance has continued regularly for the number of months hereinbefore prescribed for attendance. School attendance may be proved by an attested certificate of the principal or teacher in charge of the school. No person shall be prosecuted for violation of the foregoing requirements unless the board of education of the country or municipality in which the person accused of such violation resides shall have caused to be served upon the accused, at least ten days before prosecution, a written notice of the charge with the name of the child to which it refers. Any person so notified, not previously convicted of violation of this act as to the child referred to in said. notice, may prevent prosecution on the charge set out therein, by giving, at any time before such prosecution is instituted, a bond in the penal sum of fifty dollars payable to the ordinary of the county, with security to be approved by the ordinary, conditioned that the said person shall thenceforth faithfully comply with the requirements of this section as to the said child. Each day's willful failure of a parent, guardian or other person in charge and control of a child as aforesaid, after the expiration of ten days from such notice, to cause the child to attend school, when such attendance is required by this section, shall constitute a separate offense. In prosecutions under this section the exemptions and excuses herein provided for shall be matters of defense to be established by the accused, and need not be negatived in the indictment or accusation.

Duties of Boards of Education and Teachers

Section 173. It shall be the duty of the county and municipal boards of education to investigate as to the attendance and non attendance of children required by this section to attend the schools under their supervision, and it shall also be their duty to institute or cause to be instituted prosecutions against persons violating this section. It shall be the duty of the principal or teacher in charge of any public school, in which pupils between the ages of eight and fourteen years of age are instructed, to keep an accurate record of the attendance of such pupils, and at the end

of each month to make a written report of the same to the board of education having supervision of the school, and to note therein excused absences and the reasons therefor.

Attendance Officer

Section 174. Each county and municipal board of education shall employ an attendance officer whose duty it shall be to report to the board of education failure of attendance on the part of pupils between the ages of eight and fourteen years. For this service these officials shall be paid not less than one dollar nor more than three dollars per day during the time employed and said payment shall be paid, so far as possible, from the fees collected. The balance due shall be paid from the school funds of the county or local system. Any board or local school system failing to comply with this law for attendance officer shall not be entitled to receive funds from the state treasury until it is shown that said attendance officer has been appointed and has entered upon his duties.

Note. The state board of education has decided for the present, at least, in order to be sure of good officials and to save the boards as much expense as possible, that the home economics agent, the county demonstration agent or even the county superintendent of schools may serve as attendance officer and further that a county and a municipal system in the county may elect the same person for these duties.

The attendance officer must be appointed, make regular reports to the board and enter upon his duties for the protection of the children of the municipality or county before funds from the state treasury can be sent.

Fines and Forfeitures a Part of School Fund

Section 175. All fines imposed hereunder and all sums required to be paid as penalties under bonds given under this section, shall, after payment of the costs of prosecution and of recovery thereof, be paid into the county treasury and become a part of the school fund of the county.

Law effective, When

Section 176. The provisions of this act shall become operative on the first day of January, in the year nineteen hundred and twenty.

Publication of Law

Section 177. It shall be the duty of the board of education of each county, at least four weeks before the first day of January following the adoption of this section, to cause this section to be published in a newspaper of the county, if there be one, and to cause copies of this section to be posted at the court house of the county and at the public schools thereof.

2. State Legislation - Facilities for Minors of Employment Age Georgia School Code 1919

Section 106. The board of education of any county or municipality shall have power to establish, at such places as they may deem proper, a suitable number of evening or part-time schools for the instruction of youths over fourteen years of age who are prevented by their daily vocations from attending the all-day schools, subject to such regulations as may be provided by the state board for vocational education.

3. Letters from Educators

Letter from M. L. BRITTAIN, State Superintendent of Schools, Atlanta, October 27, 1919:

"The number of foreigners in this state is very small. For this reason there is not much necessity for any organized attempt at Americanization, except at one or two places. In the City of Savannah, where there is some foreign ele ment, special classes have been formed for this work."

Letter from CARLETON B. GILBSON, Superintendent of Schools, Savannah, November 3, 1919:

"The only Americanization work being done in our schools is that done in the evening classes by regular instructors, and a special personal canvass is made among all who have applied for naturalization. The lists of applicants are sent us by the Bureau of Naturalization, and every class instructor calls on each one personally."

CHAPTER X
Idaho

1. E. A. Bryan, Commissioner of Education, Boise. Letter October 31, 1919:

"While the State Board of Education had introduced into the Legislature of the State of Idaho at its 1917 session two bills relating to Americanization, neither of the bills were passed. One of these appropriated a certain sum of money to be paid out of the state treasury in the promotion of the Americanization of foreigners. The other permitted school districts to expend 20 per cent. of their regular state and county apportionment on schools for the Americanization of foreigners.

"According to the provisions of both of these acts, instruction was to be provided for not less than 100 teaching hours, each year, for Americanization work with adult foreigners between the ages of 21 and 45 years of age. These acts contemplated the doing of the Americanization work in afternoon or night schools (afternoon schools for women), the work to be done mainly in connection with high schools and in the main the teachers to be provided from the regular staff for high school instruction.

"We have in this state, whose population is very largely American, nevertheless a considerable number of Chinese, Japanese, Basques, Finns, Greeks, Italians, Mexicans, as well as Germans and Scandinavians. In the main the two latter types assimilate well with the public school population.

"We have made a provision of law forbidding the giving of instruction in any foreign language except in the foreign language itself; that is to say, we would forbid the teaching of the ordinary common school branches in a foreign tongue but would permit the teaching of the foreign tongue.

"A considerable amount of Americanization work is being done by voluntary members of women's clubs and of various high schools and other institutions in the state."

CHAPTER XI
Illinois

FRANCIS G. BLAIR, Superintendent of Public Instruction, Springfield. Letter, October 28, 1919.

1. State Legislation - Compulsion for Minors and for Minors of Employment Age

School Law of Illinois - Circular 138-1919

Section 274. Every person having control of any child between the ages of seven and sixteen years shall annually cause such child to attend some public school (or some private school in which the instruction in the elementary branches of education is in the English language) for the entire time during which the school attended is in session, which shall not be less than seven months of actual teaching: Provided, however, that this act shall not apply in case the child has been or is being instructed for a like period in each and every year in the elementary branches of education by a person or persons competent to give such instruction, which instruction of the child in the elementary branches of education shall be in the English language; or in case the child's physical or mental condition renders his or her attendance impracticable or inexpedient; or in case the child is excused for temporary absence for cause by the principal or teacher of the school which the child attends; or in case the child is between the ages of fourteen and sixteen years and is necessarily and lawfully employed during the hours when the public school is in session. For every neglect of the duty prescribed by this section, the person so offending shall forfeit to the use of the public schools of the city, town, or district in which the child resides, a sum not less than five dollars. nor more than twenty dollars and costs of suit, and shall stand committed until such fine and costs of suit are fully paid.

2. State Legislation - Continuation Schools for Minors of Employment Age

School Laws of Illinois, 1919

An Act for the establishment and maintenance of part-time or continuation schools and classes, providing for the control an management thereof and compulsory attendance of pupils, prescribing the courses of instruction therein, providing state aid therefor, and providing penalties for violations thereof.