at $2,500,000 and is increased annually $500,000 until the sum of $5,000,000 is reached. A second fund provides a sum of $75,000 annually for the training of teachers who are to do the work. A third fund provides for the education of incoming immigrants after the war, when the number admitted reaches 250,000 or more."

These proposed bills are likely to receive many changes as to details before final enactment into law, and regarding these details your Committee at the present time has no specific recommendations to make. Your Committee, however, believes it is necessary that Americanization be made a national movement, as is comprehended by these bills. It is essential to the nation

that those who live and earn their livelihood in America should learn our language. Those who do not know English cannot read the laws that govern them or understand the American institutions which surround them. By learning our language the resident foreigner increases his own efficiency and enlarges his opportunities, while at the same time our nation is solidified.

Because of these considerations your Committee offers the following resolution for your adoption:

Resolved, That the Chamber of Commerce of the State of New York indorses the Americanization Campaign which has been planned by the Committee appointed by the Honorable Franklin K. Lane, and approves the bills in their broader sense, awaiting the revised details on which the said Committee is now engaged; and be it further

Resolved, That the Chamber's Committee on Cammercial Education be authorized to bring to the attention of the members of the Chamber the objects of the bills, when enacted into law, and to request all our members to co-operate in every way feasible in this Federal Americanization Campaign.

In connection with this Americanization Campaign your Committee has learned that Secretary Lane proposes to call a mass meeting early in September, to be held in this city at Madison Square Garden, and desires that the Chamber of Commerce and other commercial bodies be represented. The following resolution therefore is offered:

Resolved, That the Chamber of Commerce of the State of New York hereby gives authority to the Committee on Commercial Education that it may represent the Chamber at the American

ization mass meeting to be held in September at Madison Square Garden, and that the Committee may co-operate and assist in this meeting.

CHAMBER OF COMMERCE OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK

At the regular monthly meeting of the Chamber of Commerce of the State of New York, held March 6, 1919, the following report presented by its Committee on Commercial Education was unanimously adopted:

National Measures to Eradicate Illiteracy Urged

To the Chamber of Commerce:

A bill has been introduced into Congress, number 5464 in the Senate and 15402 in the House, to promote the education of native illiterates. It provides for co-operation with the states and municipalities in the encouragement and support of education which will teach illiterates the English language, the fundamental principles of government and citizenship, and other knowledge useful for "successful living and intelligent American citizenship." The measure contemplates the expenditures by Congress of $100,000,000, spread over eight years, and a like sum by states and municipalities.

The passage of this bill will enable a national educational campaign to banish illiteracy from the nation. At the time of our last census, in 1910, there were 5,500,000 persons in the United States over ten years of age who were unable to read or write in any language. Even in New York State, one of every eighteen persons was thus handicapped; while in the Southern

states illiteracy was much more prevalent. Louisiana had one illiterate for every three persons. In the first draft last year, 700,000 men registered who were unable to read or write. Competent authorities have estimated that our nation contains today fully 5,000,000 illiterates and 5,000,000 "near illiterates," making our illiterate population nearly one-tenth of the people in the United States.

Illiteracy must be eradicated as a serious danger and menace to democratic government. Aside from its effect on economic waste and efficiency the whole structure of our government is based upon the intelligence of the voter and no greater work for the permanence of sober self-government can be done than by obliteration of illiteracy.

Your Committee on Commercial Education is of the opinion that an important step toward eliminating illiteracy can only be obtained by a systematic educational campaign on a national scale. This is contemplated in the bill now in Congress.

Therefore, the following resolutions are offered for your adoption:

Resolved, That the Chamber of Commerce of the State of New York favors the enactment into law of S. 5464, H. R. 15402 or a similar measure, to diminish illiteracy and spread education as a national plan; for proper education prevents poverty and vice, and prepares men for the adequate performance of their social and civic duties; and be it further

Resolved, That copies of this report and resolution be sent to the Senate Committee on Education and Labor and the House Committee on Education.

12. Chinese Consolidated Benevolent Association, 16 Mott street, New York City, Lee To, chairman, March 19, 1920:

"In reply to your letter of March 2d with respect to our organization, I am glad to give you the information desired. "Our Association Chung Wah Kung Saw, or name in English, Chinese Consolidated Benevolent Association, is just what its name implies. It aims to help and promote peaceful pursuits and the welfare of the Chinese living in New York and vicinity seeing that the sick are cared for; the dead who have no relatives given burial; and the poor and destitute relieved. Such expenses are defrayed by voluntary contributions in particular cases or by annual contributions. All Chinese without distinction are cared for in this manner by us, if the cases are known to us or if help is applied for. This is all our work and our association is chiefly supported by the established Chinese merchants in the city who give annual contributions to us to carry on our work.

"We are non-sectarian, un-political, etc., only for charitable work."

13. Community Councils of New York City, Municipal Building, New York City:

Executive Committee.-George Gordon Battle, chairman; William C. Breed, treasurer; Mrs. H. Goster Armstrong, H. A. E. Chandler, John Collier, Joseph P. Day, William L. Ettinger, Virginia C. Gildersleeve, George J. Gillespie, I. E. Goldwasser, Mrs. Helen Hartley Jenkins, Alfred J. Johnson, Rev. Robert F. Keegan, George W. Loft, Henry MacDonald, Sara GrahamMulhall, Frank Oliver, James H. Post, Lawson Purdy, Thomas Rock, Mrs. C. C. Rumsey, Mortimer L. Schiff, Mrs. V. G. Simkhovitch, Alfred E. Smith, Arthur S. Somers, Mrs. Charles L. Tiffany, Mrs. Frank A. Vanderlip, Lillian D. Wald, Felix M. Warburg, William G. Willcox, Mrs. Egerton L. Winthrop.

Americanization Committee.- Felix M. Warburg, chairman; Mrs. August Belmont, H. A. E. Chandler, Mary Dreier, H. H. Goldberger, Mrs. A. B. Hepburn, William Fellowes Morgan, Nathaniel Phillips, Mrs. C. C. Rumsey, Finley J. Shepard, Arthur S. Somers.

The plans of the Americanization Committee under the chairmanship of Mr. Felix M. Warburg have not yet been fully evolved. The delay is due to the necessity of awaiting the steps

that the national government proposes to take in this field. Moreover, it seemed necessary to find just what form the councils themselves would take, as it was considered that they were in themselves the greatest of all Americanization agencies, and the work of the Committee would be largely that of making council work reach and be effective among the foreign-born. The activities usually comprised under the term Americanization were, of course, to be supported. Local committees co-operate with the night schools in forming classes and maintaining interest. But beyond that the aim was to draw the foreign-born into participation in general council activities, whether of welfare work or recreation. Neighborliness operating in a systematic way is the keynote. Efforts will be made to secure the aid on the local committees of the racial leaders who can link their fellow countrymen to the councils. The nucleus of the local committee is, therefore, the local school board, the local racial leadership, and those in charge of the principal council activities. As the Federal government works out its plans, the councils will stand ready to put them into effect.

14. The Constitutional League, Grand Central Palace, New York City:

WHO IT IS

The following Americans have consented to serve on the committee for the Constitutional League:

Hon. Franklin K. Lane, Secretary of the Interior.

Hon. Alfred E. Smith, Governor of New York.

Hon. Charles Evans Hughes.

Hon. William Philips, First Assistant Secretary of State.

Hon. Franklin D. Roosevelt, First Assistant Secretary of the

Navy.

His Eminence Cardinal Gibbons.

Right Reverend Bishop Burch.

Reverend Dr. Joseph Silverman.

Hon. William H. Edwards, Collector of Internal Revenue, New York.

Jeremiah W. Jenks, L. L. D., Ph. D., Publicist.

Colonel Theodore Roosevelt.

Guy Emerson, vice-president, National Bank of Commerce. Joseph Hartigan, manager, Foreign manager, Foreign Language Division, Government Loan Organization.