AÇOKA, imperial convert to Buddhism,
42; sent mission to Burmah, 171.
Adams, John Quincy (quoted), on Japan's
duty to world, 185.

Adams, Will, pilots Dutch ship to Japar,
128, 129, 134.

Admiralty Islands, 178.

Afghanistan, the land and the people,
167; war with British, 247, 248; Ger-
man influence during World War,
278.
Aguinaldo, 344.
Ahriman, 31.
Ainus, 32, 34, 56.

Akbar the Great, 103, 104, 162, 163.
Aleppo, 100.

Alexander the Great, 35, 39, 40, 41, 144,
167, 379 and n.

Alexandrias (cities) as memorials of
conqueror, 40.

America, native tribes of, 16, 142; trade
of China and East Indies with, 181,
182. See also United States.

Asia, as the cradle of the human race,
8, 16; as source of great migratory
movements, 8, 9; as leader in ad-
vances of civilization, 9, 18, 19; as
birthplace of great religions, 10; as
mother of great men, 11; separated
from Europe by rise of Ottoman power,
6, 7; connected with Europe through
Palestine, 9; relations with U. S.,
12, 13; proto-history, 17; relations
with Egypt, 24, 25; Greek influences,
40, 41, 42; early Christian influences,
43, 53; close of old land-routes from
Europe, 105, 106; inevitably con-
cerned in World War, 288, 289;
Asiatics barred from U. S. citizenship,
353, 354, 355; early influence of East
on the Western civilization, 380; the
missionaries' work, 390-399.

Asia Minor, obscurity of prehistoric
period, 33; under Darius, 36; Greek
colonies in, 36; overrun by Óttoman
Turks, 98, 99, 100.
Asoka. See Açoka.

Assassins, Society of the, 75.
Asshurbanipal, 25.

Assyrians, 24, 25, 27, 277 and n.
Augustine, Saint, and Manichæanism,
64.

Aurungzeb, 140, 141, 163, 164.
Australasia, 175.
Australia, possible origin of tribes in,
20; early discovery of shores, 175;
Dutch the first who touched there,
175, 176; Dampier first English
visitor, 176; Captain Cook first ex-
plorer, 176; study of the aborigines,
176; first British settlements, 176;
Pacific islands given to, 297; the All-
White policy, 298 and n., 299, 333,
334; present condition and outlook,
334, 335.

Azores, the, 108, 111.

BABISM, 10.

Babylon, 24, 25, 26, 27, 31.

Bagdad as Islam's capital, 70, 73, 74,
75; sacked by Mongols, 82, 83; dur-
ing World War, 278.

Bagdad Railway scheme, 276, 277.

Bahaism, 10.

Balboa and the Pacific, 118, 173, 402.
Banerjea, Sir Surendranath (quoted),
on India's future, 332.
Barentz, William, 127.

Barlaam and Josaphat, 70 and notes.
Barmecides, the, 73 and n.

Batavia, centre of Dutch East India
Co.'s trade, 131, 325, 326.
Bayazid, 99, 100.
Belshazzar, 26.

Besant, Mrs. Annie, 383.
Bibliography, 411-418.
Biddle, Commodore, 186.
Bismarck archipelago, 297.
"Black Hole" of Calcutta, 165.

Black Sea routes, Europe to Asia, 105.
Borneo, 334.

Bo-tree, the, 39 and n., 42.
Boxer revolt, 203, 204.
Brahmanas, the, 37.

Brahmanism, developed into Hinduism,
63.

British begin trade with the Far East,
132, 133; Will Adams in Japan, 134,
136; Sir John Saris and Japan's ex-
clusion policy, 134, 135, 136; at-
tempt to enter China, 136; received
by the Indian Moghuls, 136, 137;
gain advantages over Portuguese,
138; Job Charnock, 139; Bombay,
139; admitted into China, 157; strug-
gles with French in India, 165; with
Dutch, 165; "Black Hole" of Cal-
cutta, 165; Clive's work in India, 165,
166; Warren Hastings, 166; British
in Australia, 176; in New Zealand,
176 and n.; annexation, 177, 178; in
Friendly and Cook Islands, 179; in Fiji
and Sandwich Islands, 179, 180 and
n.; Lord Napier's commission to
China, 190; Elliot's diplomacy, 191;
the war with China, 191; Treaty of
Nanking, 191; Hongkong ceded to
British and other ports opened, 191;
"Chinese" Gordon, 193; repeated
war with China, 194; cession of Kow-
loon, opening of Tientsin, 194; lega-
tion at Peking, 194; Pegu and Burmah
annexed, 199; secure lease of Wei-hai-
wei, 202; first treaty with Japan,
226; factories in India lead to polit-
ical responsibility, 242; 1773 Regu-
lating Act and 1784 Government of
India Act, 242; Lord Lake, 243;
trading monopoly of London Co. ended,
243; Alexander Duff, 243; Macaulay
on Indian education, 243; Lord Ben-

tinck, 243, 244; Sir Charles Napier,
245; wars in Afghanistan and the
Panjab, 245; Lord Canning and the
Mutiny, 245, 246, 247; India comes
under the Crown, 247; visit of Prince
of Wales, 246; Victoria proclaimed
Empress, 247 and n.; reforms of Lord
Ripon and Lord Lansdowne, 248;
Coronation Durbar at Delhi, 249;
Lord Curzon and Lord Kitchener,
249; increasing unrest of Indians, 248;
Indian boycott of British goods, 248;
demand for self-government, 250;
Indian Councils Act, 251; Lord Minto
and Lord Hardinge, 251-255; rise
of Gandhi, 253, 254; opium trade,
268; British in Persia during World
War, 276, 277, 278; at the Washing-
ton Conference, 314, 315, 316, 317, 318;
influence in China to-day, 329 and n.;
influence in Tibet, 330; the situation
in India, 330, 331, 332; Ceylonese
statistics, 332; proposed naval base
at Singapore, 333; James Brooke
in Borneo, 334; the Empire and Aus-
tralia, 334, 335; New Zealand affairs,
335, 336; mandate for Iraq and Mosul,
337, 338; for Palestine, 338; the
opium problem, 387 and n., 388, 389.
Browning, Robert (quoted), 155.
Buddha, the. See Buddhism.
Buddha, the Living, 158, 293; of Mon-
golia, 304.

Buddhism, 35; origins of, 38, 39 and n.;
introduced into Ceylon, 42; schism
in, 42; introduced into China, 50, 51;
broader extension and development,
53, 54; service done by pilgrim monks,
62, 63; the Buddha story in Western
literature, 70, 71; formation of sects,
89, 90; modification in Tibet, 157,
158.

Burlingame, Anson, 195, 196.
Burmah, early tribes of, 171; intro-
duction of Buddhist religion, 171;
Kublai Khan, 171; conflicts with
China, 172; British operations, 199;
becomes part of British India, 199.

Çakuntala, the, and Goethe's Faust, 62.
Caliphs. See Khalifs.
Cambodia, 170, 327.
Cambyses, 35.

Camoens and his epic, 109, 110.
Canaanites, 26.

Canary Islands, 108.

Canning, Charles George, Lord, 245, 246.
Cannon, early use of, 83, 84.

Canton formally opened to British trade,

191.

Cape of Good Hope, 108, 324.
Cape Verde Islands, 108, 111, 118.
Caroline Islands, 122 and n., 174, 179,
297.

Carp, symbolism of the, 45.

Caste, beginnings of, in India, 29; re-
action against, 38.

Cathay, 6, 88. See also China.
Celebes, prehistoric people of, 20.
Ceylon, prehistoric people of, 20; in-
troduction of Buddhism, 42;

as a

Crown Colony of Great Britain, 332.
Chandragupta, 42.

Chaucer, Geoffrey (quoted), 90.
China, probable early advances in civil-
ization, 17, 18, 19; trade with the
Romans, 43, 51; decentralization
of government, 43, 44; the Chou Li, 44;
democratic spirit, 44;
pressure of
the Huns, 44, 45; the Great Wall,
45, 49; the Chou dynasty, 44, 45;
Confucius, 45, 46, 47; Mencius, 47;
Lao Tsu, 47, 48; Taoism, 48 and notes;
Chin dynasty,49; Han dynasty,
49; revival of learning, invention of
paper and hair brush, first lexicon,
49; westward movement, 50; in-
troduction of Buddhism, 50, 51; his-
tory during early centuries of Chris-
tianity, 58, 59, 60; a centre of human
culture, 60, 61; early poets, 61; Sung
dynasty, 75, 76; state socialism, 75,
76; Khitan Tatars, 76; the Manchu
tribes, 76; the name Cathay, 76;
Chin and Sung realms in China, 76;
visited by Marco Polo, 87 and notes;
Jewish settlers, 88 and n.; Mongols
expelled by the native Ming dynasty,
91, 92; new buildings at Peking, 92;
coming of the Manchus, 92, 93; Por-
tuguese in China, 112; Jesuit mission-
aries, 113, 114, 115, 116; restrictions
put on Dutch traders, 131; British
traders driven away from Canton,
136; first treaty with a European
Power, 148, 149; Eleuth uprisings
quelled, 149 and n., 150; new treaty
with Russia, admitting Russian mis-
sion to Peking, 150; return of Tatar
tribe from Russia, 151, 152; beginning
of Manchu dominance, 153 and n.,
154, 155, 156; end of the Mings, 154;
Jesuits continued in favor, 154, 155;
literary advances, 156; Emperor cor-
responds with Voltaire, 156; English
embassy to Peking, 157; beginnings

of trade with America, 181, 182; first
American consulate, 182; peculiar
conditions of business in China, 182,
183; the opium trade, 182, 183; "pid-
gin" English, 183 and n.; fur trade
with America, 183, 184; American
shipping at Canton, 184; need of
protection for American seamen, 185;
decline of Manchu glory, 187; polit-
ical and other troubles, 187, 189;
pirates, 187, 188; effect of wars be-
tween England and France, 188;
embassy from England, 188, 189;
trade difficulties with foreigners, 189,
190; Lord Napier's commission, 190;
Captain Elliot and the opium question,
190, 191; the Canton war and the
Treaty of Nanking, 191; Hongkong
ceded to the British, 191; demands
of other Western Powers, 192; Caleb
Cushing bears letter from President
Tyler to the Emperor, 192 and n.;
Cushing negotiates treaty with U. S.,
192; Tai-ping Rebellion, 192, 193,
194; General Frederick Ward, 193;
"Chinese" Gordon, 193; war with
Great Britain and France, 194; Treaty
of Peking, 194; Kowloon ceded to Brit-
ish, Tientsin opened, British legation
established in Peking, 194; privileges
granted to missionaries, 194, 195;
Burlingame and Chinese treaty with
U. S., 195, 196; treaty modified re-
garding immigration_into U. S., 196,
197; the Empress-Dowager, regent,
197; growth of foreign power in Mid-
dle Kingdom, 197, 198; war with
France, and losses by China, 198, 199;
China represented at British court,
199; disagreements with Japan over
Korea, 200, 201; cedes Liao-tung
peninsula to Japan, takes it back,
leases it to Russia, 201; leases part of
Tsing-tao to Germany, 201; Kuanchow-
wan to France, 201, 202; Wei-hai-wei
to Great Britain, 202; reforms started
by Emperor Kuang-su and revoked
by Empress-Dowager, 202, 203; third
regency of Empress-Dowager, 203;
Boxer uprising, 203; peace terms with
the Powers, 204; modernizing con-
cessions by Empress-Dowager, 204;
end of the Manchu dynasty, 204, 205;
Chinese in Manchuria, 207; wars
in western provinces lead Russia to
encroach on territory, 211, 212;
Japan's Twenty-one Demands, 260,
261; Revolution of 1911 and Sun