same general laws, which have been the groundwork through natural selection of the formation of the most perfectly adapted animals in the world, man included, were intentionally and specially guided. However much we may wish it, we can hardly follow Professor Asa Gray in his belief "that "variation has been led along certain beneficial lines," like a stream “along definite and useful lines of irrigation." If we assume that each particular variation was from the beginning of all time preordained, then that plasticity of organisation, which leads to many injurious deviations of structure, as well as the redundant power of reproduction which inevitably leads to a struggle for existence, and, as a consequence, to the natural selection or survival of the fittest, must appear to us superfluous laws of nature. On the other hand, an omnipotent and omniscient Creator ordains everything and foresees everything. Thus we are brought face to face with a difficulty as insoluble as is that of free will and predestination.
ACCLIMATISATION, maize, i. 341. ACERBI, on the fertility of domestic animals in Lapland, ii. 90. Achatinella, ii. 28.
Achillea millefolium, bud variation in, i.
AFRICA, white bull from, i. 95; feral cattle in, i. 89; food-plants of savages of, i. 325; South, diversity of breeds of cattle in, i. 84; West, change in fleece of sheep in, i. 102.
Agave vivipara, seeding of, in poor soil,
AGE, changes in trees, dependent on, i.
—, as bearing on pangenesis, ii. 384. AGOUTI, fertility of, in captivity, ii. 135.
AGRICULTURE, antiquity of, ii. 230. Agrostis, seeds of, used as food, i. 326. AGUARA, i. 27.
AINSWORTH, Mr., on the change in the hair of animals at Angora, ii.
AKBAR KHAN, his fondness for pigeons, i. 215; ii. 188.
Alauda arvensis, ii. 137. ALBIN, on "Golden Hamburgh" fowls, i. 259; figure of the hook-billed duck, i. 291.
ALBINISM, i, 114, 460.
ALBINO, negro, attacked by insects, ii. 214.
ALBINOES, heredity of, i. 454. ALBINUS, thickness of the epidermis on the palms of the hands in man, ii. 287.
ALCO, i. 32, ii. 80. ALDROVANDI, on rabbits, i. 108; de- scription of the nun pigeon, i. 164: on the fondness of the Dutch for pigeons in the seventeenth century, i. 215; notice of several varieties of pigeons, i. 217-220; on the breeds of fowls, i. 259; on the origin of the domestic duck, i. 292.
ALEFIELD, Dr., on the varieties of peas
the varieties of the potato, i. 334 351; on crossing varieties of the melon, i. 430; on reversion in the barberry, i. 410.
ANDERSON, Mr., on the reproduction ef the weeping ash by seed, i. 462; en the cultivation of the tree pæony in China, ii. 189.
ANDERSSON, Mr., on the Damara, Bechu ana, and Namaqua cattle, i. 91; the cows of the Damaras, ii. 290; selection practised by the Damaras and Namaquas, ii. 192; on the use of grass-seeds and the roots of reeds as food in South Africa, i. 326. Anemone coronaria, doubled by selection, ii. 185.
ANGINA pectoris, hereditary, occurring at a certain age, ii. 55. ANGLESEA, cattle of, i. 84. ANGOLA sheep, i. 98.
Amaryllis vittata, effect of foreign pollen | ANGORA, change in hair of animals at,
AMAUROSIS, hereditary, i. 453. Amblystoma lurida, ii. 358.
AMERICA, limits within which no use- ful plants have been furnished by, i. 327; colours of feral horses in, i. 62- 64; North, native cultivated plants of, i. 329; skin of feral pig from, i. 80; South, variations in cattle of, i. 92, 95.
AMMON, on the persistency of colour in horses, i. 465.
Amygdalus persica, i. 357-365, 398. Anagallis arvensis, ii. 173.
ANALOGOUS variation, i. 442, ii. 341-
345; in horses, i. 58; in the horse and ass, i. 67; in fowls, i. 255–257. Anas boschas, i. 291, ii. 14; skull of, figured, i. 297.
"ANCON sheep of Massachusetts, i. 104, ii. 70.- ANDALUSIAN fowls, i. 238. ANDALUSIAN rabbits, 109. ANDERSON, J., on the origin of British sheep, i. 98; on the selection of qualities in cattle, ii. 180; on a one- eared breed of rabbits, i. 112; on the inheritance of characters from a one- eared rabbit, and three-legged bitch, i. 456; on the persistency of varieties of peas, i. 349; on the production of early peas by selection, ii. 185; on
ii. 268; cats of, i. 47, 49; rabbits ef, i. 110, 127. ANIMALS, domestication of, facilitated by fearlessness of man, i. 20; refusal of wild, to breed in captivity, ii. 131: compound, individual peculiarities of reproduced by budding, i. 398; varia- tion by selection in useful qualities of, ii. 205.
ANNUAL plants, rarity of bud-variation in, i. 440.
ANOMALIES in the osteology of the horse, i. 52.
ANOMALOUS breeds of pigs, i. 78; of cattle, i. 92.
Anser albifrons, characters of, repro- duced in domestic geese, i. 303. Anser ægyptiacus, i. 296, ii. 44. Anser canadensis, ii. 140.
Anser ferus, the original of the domes- tic goose, i. 302; fertility of cross of, with domestic goose, i. 303. ANSON, on feral fowls in the Ladrones,
ANTAGONISM between growth and re- production, ii. 379.
Anthemis nobilis, bud-variation in flowers of, i. 404; becomes single in poor soil, ii. 151.
ANTHERS, contabescence of, ii. 149. ANTIGUA, cats of, i. 48; changed fleece of sheep in, i. 102.
Antirrhinum majus, peloric, i. 389, ii. ARUM, Polynesian varieties of, ii. 243.
33, 46, 150; double-flowered, ii. 151;| bud-variation in, i. 407. ANTS, individual recognition of, ii. 238. APHIDES, attacking pear-trees, ii. 217; development of, ii. 361-362. APOPLEXY, hereditary, occurring at a certain age, ii. 54.
APPLE, i. 369-372; fruit of, in Swiss lake-dwellings, i. 335; rendered fasti- gate by heat in India, i. 385; bud- variation in the, i. 401; with dimi- diate fruit, i. 425, 426; with two kinds of fruit on the same branch, i. | 425; artificial fecundation of, i. 432; St. Valéry, i. 432, ii. 150; reversion in seedlings of, ii. 4; crossing of varieties of, ii. 110; growth of the, in Ceylon, ii. 266; winter majetin, not attacked by coccus, ii. 217; flower-buds of, attacked by bull- finches, ibid.; American, change of, when grown in England, ii. 264. APRICOT, i. 365, 366; glands on the leaves of, ii. 217; analogous variation in the, ii. 341. Aquila fusca, copulating in captivity, ii. 137.
Aquilegia vulgaris, i. 389; ii. 323. ARAB boarhound, described by Har- court, i. 17.
Arabis blepharophylla and A. soyeri, effects of crossing, i. 431. Aralia trifoliata, bud-variation in leaves of, i. 408.
ARAUCARIAS, young, variable resistance of, to frost, ii. 299. ARCHANGEL pigeon, ii. 226. ARCTIC regions, variability of plants and shells of, ii. 244.
Aria vestita, grafted on thorns, i. 413. ARISTOPHANES, fowls mentioned by, i.
ARISTOTLE, on solid-hoofed pigs, i. 78; domestic duck unknown to, i. 292; on the assumption of male characters by old hens, ii. 26.
ARNI, domestication of the, i. 86. ARNOLD, Mr., experiments of pollen on the maize, i. 431.
ARRESTS of development, ii. 306–310. ARTERIES, increase of anastomosing branches of, when tied, ii. 290. ARU Islands, wild pig of, i. 70.
Ascaris, number of eggs of, ii. 373. Asu, varieties of the, i. 384; weeping, i. 385; simple-leaved, ibid.; bud- variation in, i. 408; effects of graft upon the stock in the, i. 418; pro- duction of the blotched Breadalbane, ibid.; weeping, capricious reproduc tion of, by seed, i. 462. Asinus burchellii, i. 67. Asinus hemionus, ii. 17. Asinus indicus, ii. 17, 22. Asinus quagga, i. 67.
Asinus tæniopus, ii. 16; the original of the domestic ass, i. 65. ASPARAGUS, increased fertility of culti- vated, ii. 91.
Ass, early domestication of the, i. 65; breeds of, id.; small size of, in India, id.; stripes of, i. 66, 67; ii. 343; dislike of, to cross water, i. 190; reversion in, ii. 16, 17, 22; hybrid of the, with mare and zebra, ii. 16; prepotency of the, over the horse, ii. 43; crossed with wild ass, ii. 190; variation and selection of the, ii. 222. ASSYRIAN sculpture of a mastiff, i. 17. ASTERS, i. 463, ii. 307.
ASTHMA, hereditary, i. 452, ii. 55. ATAVISM. See Reversion. ATHELSTAN, his care of horses, ii. 187. ATKINSON, Mr., on the sterility of the Tarroo silk-moth in confinement, ii. 141. AUBERGINE, ii. 68.
AUDUBON, on feral hybrid ducks, i. 200, ii. 20; on the domestication of wild ducks on the Mississippi, i. 292; on the wild cock turkey visiting domestic hens, i. 308; fertility of Fringilla ciris in captivity, ii. 137 ; fertility of Columba migratoria and leucocephala in captivity, ii. 139; breeding of Anser canadensis in cap- tivity, ii. 140.
AUDUBON and Bachman, on the change of coat in Oris montana, i. 103; ste- rility of Sciurus cinerea in confine- ment, ii. 135. AURICULA, effect of seasonal conditions on the, ii. 263; blooming of, ii. 339. AUSTRALIA, no generally useful plants derived from, i. 328; useful plants of, enumerated by Hooker, i. 328.
AUSTRIA, heredity of character in em- perors of, ii. 40.
BALDNESS, in man, inherited, ii. 319; with deficiency in teeth, ii. 319, 32u.
AUTENRIETH, on persistency of colour BALLANCE, Mr., on the effects of in-
in horses, i. 465.
AVA, horses of, i. 56.
Arena fatua, cultivability of, i. 330. AYEEN Akbery,' pigeons mentioned in the, i. 158, 163, 194, 215, 217, 218. AYRES, W. P., on bud-variation in
pelargoniums, i. 403.
Azalea indica, bud-variation in, i. 402. AZARA, on the feral dogs of La Plata, i. 28; on the crossing of domestic with wild cats in Paraguay, i. 47; on hornlike processes in horses, i. 52; en curled hair in horses, i. 56, ii. 189, 318; on the colours of feral horses, i. 64, ii. 246; on the cattle of Paraguay and La Plata, i. 86, 89, 92, ii. 246; on a hornless bull, ii. 190, on the increase of cattle in South America, ii. 98; on the growth of horns in the hornless cattle of Cor- rientes, ii. 13; on the "Niata" cattle, i. 94; on naked quadrupeds, ii. 268; on a race of black-skinned fowls in South America, i. 243, ii. 194; on a variety of maize, i. 339.
BABINGTON, C. C., on the origin of the plum, i. 367; British species of the genus Rosa, i. 390; distinctness of Viola lutea and tricolor, i. 392. BACHMANN, Mr., on the turkey, ii. 250. See also Audubon.
BADGER, breeding in confinement, ii.
"BAGADOTTEN-TAUBE,” i. 148. BAILY, Mr., on the effect of selection on fowls, ii. 182; on Dorking fowls, ii. 224.
BAIRD, S., on the origin of the turkey, i. 308.
BAKER, Mr., on heredity in the horse,
i. 455; on the degeneration of the horse by neglect, ii. 225; orders of Henrys VII. and VIII. for the destruction of undersized mares, ii. 188.
BAKEWELL, change in the sheep effected by, ii. 182.
BALANCEMENT, ii. 335, 336; of growth, law of, 335.
BALDHEAD (pigeon), i. 158.
terbreeding on fowls, ii. 105; on variation in the eggs of fowls, i. 261. Ballota nigra, transmission of variegated leaves in, i. 409.
BAMBOO, varieties of the, ii. 243. BANANA, variation of the, i. 396,
243; bud-variation in the, i. 401; sterility of the, ii. 256.
BANTAM fowls, i. 241; Sebright, origia of, ii. 74; sterility of, ii. 79. BARB (pigeon), i. 151, 153, 220, i 212; figure of, i. 152; figure of lower jaw of, i. 173.
BARBS, of wheat, i. 331. BARBERRY, dark or red-leaved variety, i. 385, 462; reversion in suckers of seedless variety, i. 410.
BARBUT, J., on the dogs of Guinea, i. 26; on the domestic pigeons in Guinea, i. 195; fowls not native in Guinea, i. 249.
BARKING, acquisition of the habit of, by various dogs, i. 28. BARLEY, wild, i. 330; of the lake- dwellings, i. 335-337; ancient variety of, ii. 425.
BARNES, Mr., production of early peas by selection, ii. 185. BARNET, Mr., on the intercrossing of strawberries, i. 373; diœciousness ef the hautbois strawberry, i. 375; on the Scarlet American strawberry, il 184.
BARTH, Dr., use of grass-seeds as food in Central Africa, i. 325. BARTLETT, A. D., on the origin of Himalayan" rabbits by intercross- ing, i. 113; on the feral rabbits of Porto Santo, i. 119; on geese with reversed feathers on the head and neck, i. 303; on the young of the black-shouldered peacock, i. 306; on a variety of the turkey, i. 309; size of hybrids, ii. 112; on the breeding of the Felidæ in captivity, ii. 133; so-called hybrids, ii. 316.
BARTRAM, on the black wolf-dog of Florida, i. 23.
BATES, H. W., refusal of wild animals to breed in captivity, ii. 132, 135; sterility of American monkeys in
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