same general laws, which have been the groundwork through natural selection of the formation of the most perfectly adapted animals in the world, man included, were intentionally and specially guided. However much we may wish it, we can hardly follow Professor Asa Gray in his belief "that "variation has been led along certain beneficial lines," like a stream “along definite and useful lines of irrigation." If we assume that each particular variation was from the beginning of all time preordained, then that plasticity of organisation, which leads to many injurious deviations of structure, as well as the redundant power of reproduction which inevitably leads to a struggle for existence, and, as a consequence, to the natural selection or survival of the fittest, must appear to us superfluous laws of nature. On the other hand, an omnipotent and omniscient Creator ordains everything and foresees everything. Thus we are brought face to face with a difficulty as insoluble as is that of free will and predestination.
ACCLIMATISATION,
maize, i. 341.
ACERBI, on the fertility of domestic
animals in Lapland, ii. 90.
Achatinella, ii. 28.
Achillea millefolium, bud variation in, i.
AFRICA, white bull from, i. 95; feral
cattle in, i. 89; food-plants of savages
of, i. 325; South, diversity of breeds
of cattle in, i. 84; West, change in
fleece of sheep in, i. 102.
Agave vivipara, seeding of, in poor soil,
AGE, changes in trees, dependent on, i.
—, as bearing on pangenesis, ii. 384.
AGOUTI, fertility of, in captivity, ii.
135.
AGRICULTURE, antiquity of, ii. 230.
Agrostis, seeds of, used as food, i. 326.
AGUARA, i. 27.
AINSWORTH, Mr., on the change in
the hair of animals at Angora, ii.
AKBAR KHAN, his fondness for pigeons,
i. 215; ii. 188.
Alauda arvensis, ii. 137.
ALBIN, on "Golden Hamburgh" fowls,
i. 259; figure of the hook-billed
duck, i. 291.
ALBINISM, i, 114, 460.
ALBINO, negro, attacked by insects, ii.
214.
ALBINOES, heredity of, i. 454.
ALBINUS, thickness of the epidermis on
the palms of the hands in man, ii.
287.
ALCO, i. 32, ii. 80.
ALDROVANDI, on rabbits, i. 108; de-
scription of the nun pigeon, i. 164:
on the fondness of the Dutch for
pigeons in the seventeenth century,
i. 215; notice of several varieties of
pigeons, i. 217-220; on the breeds of
fowls, i. 259; on the origin of the
domestic duck, i. 292.
ALEFIELD, Dr., on the varieties of peas
the varieties of the potato, i. 334
351; on crossing varieties of the
melon, i. 430; on reversion in the
barberry, i. 410.
ANDERSON, Mr., on the reproduction ef
the weeping ash by seed, i. 462; en
the cultivation of the tree pæony in
China, ii. 189.
ANDERSSON, Mr., on the Damara, Bechu
ana, and Namaqua cattle, i. 91;
the cows of the Damaras, ii. 290;
selection practised by the Damaras
and Namaquas, ii. 192; on the use of
grass-seeds and the roots of reeds as
food in South Africa, i. 326.
Anemone coronaria, doubled by selection,
ii. 185.
ANGINA pectoris, hereditary, occurring
at a certain age, ii. 55.
ANGLESEA, cattle of, i. 84.
ANGOLA sheep, i. 98.
Amaryllis vittata, effect of foreign pollen | ANGORA, change in hair of animals at,
AMAUROSIS, hereditary, i. 453.
Amblystoma lurida, ii. 358.
AMERICA, limits within which no use-
ful plants have been furnished by, i.
327; colours of feral horses in, i. 62-
64; North, native cultivated plants
of, i. 329; skin of feral pig from, i.
80; South, variations in cattle of, i.
92, 95.
AMMON, on the persistency of colour in
horses, i. 465.
Amygdalus persica, i. 357-365, 398.
Anagallis arvensis, ii. 173.
ANALOGOUS variation, i. 442, ii. 341-
345; in horses, i. 58; in the horse
and ass, i. 67; in fowls, i. 255–257.
Anas boschas, i. 291, ii. 14; skull of,
figured, i. 297.
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"ANCON sheep of Massachusetts, i.
104, ii. 70.-
ANDALUSIAN fowls, i. 238.
ANDALUSIAN rabbits, 109.
ANDERSON, J., on the origin of British
sheep, i. 98; on the selection of
qualities in cattle, ii. 180; on a one-
eared breed of rabbits, i. 112; on the
inheritance of characters from a one-
eared rabbit, and three-legged bitch,
i. 456; on the persistency of varieties
of peas, i. 349; on the production of
early peas by selection, ii. 185; on
ii. 268; cats of, i. 47, 49; rabbits ef,
i. 110, 127.
ANIMALS, domestication of, facilitated
by fearlessness of man, i. 20; refusal
of wild, to breed in captivity, ii. 131:
compound, individual peculiarities of
reproduced by budding, i. 398; varia-
tion by selection in useful qualities
of, ii. 205.
ANNUAL plants, rarity of bud-variation
in, i. 440.
ANOMALIES in the osteology of the
horse, i. 52.
ANOMALOUS breeds of pigs, i. 78; of
cattle, i. 92.
Anser albifrons, characters of, repro-
duced in domestic geese, i. 303.
Anser ægyptiacus, i. 296, ii. 44.
Anser canadensis, ii. 140.
Anser ferus, the original of the domes-
tic goose, i. 302; fertility of cross of,
with domestic goose, i. 303.
ANSON, on feral fowls in the Ladrones,
ANTAGONISM between growth and re-
production, ii. 379.
Anthemis nobilis, bud-variation in
flowers of, i. 404; becomes single in
poor soil, ii. 151.
ANTHERS, contabescence of, ii. 149.
ANTIGUA, cats of, i. 48; changed fleece
of sheep in, i. 102.
Antirrhinum majus, peloric, i. 389, ii. ARUM, Polynesian varieties of, ii. 243.
33, 46, 150; double-flowered, ii. 151;|
bud-variation in, i. 407.
ANTS, individual recognition of, ii. 238.
APHIDES, attacking pear-trees, ii. 217;
development of, ii. 361-362.
APOPLEXY, hereditary, occurring at a
certain age, ii. 54.
APPLE, i. 369-372; fruit of, in Swiss
lake-dwellings, i. 335; rendered fasti-
gate by heat in India, i. 385; bud-
variation in the, i. 401; with dimi-
diate fruit, i. 425, 426; with two
kinds of fruit on the same branch, i. |
425; artificial fecundation of, i. 432;
St. Valéry, i. 432, ii. 150; reversion
in seedlings of, ii. 4; crossing of
varieties of, ii. 110; growth of the,
in Ceylon, ii. 266; winter majetin,
not attacked by coccus, ii. 217;
flower-buds of, attacked by bull-
finches, ibid.; American, change of,
when grown in England, ii. 264.
APRICOT, i. 365, 366; glands on the
leaves of, ii. 217; analogous variation
in the, ii. 341.
Aquila fusca, copulating in captivity,
ii. 137.
Aquilegia vulgaris, i. 389; ii. 323.
ARAB boarhound, described by Har-
court, i. 17.
Arabis blepharophylla and A. soyeri,
effects of crossing, i. 431.
Aralia trifoliata, bud-variation in leaves
of, i. 408.
ARAUCARIAS, young, variable resistance
of, to frost, ii. 299.
ARCHANGEL pigeon, ii. 226.
ARCTIC regions, variability of plants
and shells of, ii. 244.
Aria vestita, grafted on thorns, i. 413.
ARISTOPHANES, fowls mentioned by, i.
ARISTOTLE, on solid-hoofed pigs, i. 78;
domestic duck unknown to, i. 292;
on the assumption of male characters
by old hens, ii. 26.
ARNI, domestication of the, i. 86.
ARNOLD, Mr., experiments of pollen on
the maize, i. 431.
ARRESTS of development, ii. 306–310.
ARTERIES, increase of anastomosing
branches of, when tied, ii. 290.
ARU Islands, wild pig of, i. 70.
Ascaris, number of eggs of, ii. 373.
Asu, varieties of the, i. 384; weeping,
i. 385; simple-leaved, ibid.; bud-
variation in, i. 408; effects of graft
upon the stock in the, i. 418; pro-
duction of the blotched Breadalbane,
ibid.; weeping, capricious reproduc
tion of, by seed, i. 462.
Asinus burchellii, i. 67.
Asinus hemionus, ii. 17.
Asinus indicus, ii. 17, 22.
Asinus quagga, i. 67.
Asinus tæniopus, ii. 16; the original of
the domestic ass, i. 65.
ASPARAGUS, increased fertility of culti-
vated, ii. 91.
Ass, early domestication of the, i. 65;
breeds of, id.; small size of, in
India, id.; stripes of, i. 66, 67; ii.
343; dislike of, to cross water, i. 190;
reversion in, ii. 16, 17, 22; hybrid
of the, with mare and zebra, ii. 16;
prepotency of the, over the horse, ii.
43; crossed with wild ass, ii. 190;
variation and selection of the, ii. 222.
ASSYRIAN sculpture of a mastiff, i. 17.
ASTERS, i. 463, ii. 307.
ASTHMA, hereditary, i. 452, ii. 55.
ATAVISM. See Reversion.
ATHELSTAN, his care of horses, ii. 187.
ATKINSON, Mr., on the sterility of the
Tarroo silk-moth in confinement, ii.
141.
AUBERGINE, ii. 68.
AUDUBON, on feral hybrid ducks, i.
200, ii. 20; on the domestication of
wild ducks on the Mississippi, i. 292;
on the wild cock turkey visiting
domestic hens, i. 308; fertility of
Fringilla ciris in captivity, ii. 137 ;
fertility of Columba migratoria and
leucocephala in captivity, ii. 139;
breeding of Anser canadensis in cap-
tivity, ii. 140.
AUDUBON and Bachman, on the change
of coat in Oris montana, i. 103; ste-
rility of Sciurus cinerea in confine-
ment, ii. 135.
AURICULA, effect of seasonal conditions
on the, ii. 263; blooming of, ii. 339.
AUSTRALIA, no generally useful plants
derived from, i. 328; useful plants
of, enumerated by Hooker, i. 328.
AUSTRIA, heredity of character in em-
perors of, ii. 40.
BALDNESS, in man, inherited, ii. 319;
with deficiency in teeth, ii. 319, 32u.
AUTENRIETH, on persistency of colour BALLANCE, Mr., on the effects of in-
in horses, i. 465.
AVA, horses of, i. 56.
Arena fatua, cultivability of, i. 330.
AYEEN Akbery,' pigeons mentioned in
the, i. 158, 163, 194, 215, 217, 218.
AYRES, W. P., on bud-variation in
pelargoniums, i. 403.
Azalea indica, bud-variation in, i. 402.
AZARA, on the feral dogs of La Plata,
i. 28; on the crossing of domestic
with wild cats in Paraguay, i. 47;
on hornlike processes in horses, i. 52;
en curled hair in horses, i. 56, ii.
189, 318; on the colours of feral
horses, i. 64, ii. 246; on the cattle of
Paraguay and La Plata, i. 86, 89, 92,
ii. 246; on a hornless bull, ii. 190,
on the increase of cattle in South
America, ii. 98; on the growth of
horns in the hornless cattle of Cor-
rientes, ii. 13; on the "Niata" cattle,
i. 94; on naked quadrupeds, ii. 268;
on a race of black-skinned fowls in
South America, i. 243, ii. 194; on
a variety of maize, i. 339.
BABINGTON, C. C., on the origin of the
plum, i. 367; British species of the
genus Rosa, i. 390; distinctness of
Viola lutea and tricolor, i. 392.
BACHMANN, Mr., on the turkey, ii. 250.
See also Audubon.
BADGER, breeding in confinement, ii.
"BAGADOTTEN-TAUBE,” i. 148.
BAILY, Mr., on the effect of selection
on fowls, ii. 182; on Dorking fowls,
ii. 224.
BAIRD, S., on the origin of the turkey,
i. 308.
BAKER, Mr., on heredity in the horse,
i. 455; on the degeneration of the
horse by neglect, ii. 225; orders of
Henrys VII. and VIII. for the
destruction of undersized mares, ii.
188.
BAKEWELL, change in the sheep effected
by, ii. 182.
BALANCEMENT, ii. 335, 336; of growth,
law of, 335.
BALDHEAD (pigeon), i. 158.
terbreeding on fowls, ii. 105; on
variation in the eggs of fowls, i. 261.
Ballota nigra, transmission of variegated
leaves in, i. 409.
BAMBOO, varieties of the, ii. 243.
BANANA, variation of the, i. 396,
243; bud-variation in the, i. 401;
sterility of the, ii. 256.
BANTAM fowls, i. 241; Sebright, origia
of, ii. 74; sterility of, ii. 79.
BARB (pigeon), i. 151, 153, 220, i
212; figure of, i. 152; figure of
lower jaw of, i. 173.
BARBS, of wheat, i. 331.
BARBERRY, dark or red-leaved variety,
i. 385, 462; reversion in suckers of
seedless variety, i. 410.
BARBUT, J., on the dogs of Guinea, i.
26; on the domestic pigeons in
Guinea, i. 195; fowls not native in
Guinea, i. 249.
BARKING, acquisition of the habit of,
by various dogs, i. 28.
BARLEY, wild, i. 330; of the lake-
dwellings, i. 335-337; ancient variety
of, ii. 425.
BARNES, Mr., production of early peas
by selection, ii. 185.
BARNET, Mr., on the intercrossing of
strawberries, i. 373; diœciousness ef
the hautbois strawberry, i. 375; on
the Scarlet American strawberry, il
184.
BARTH, Dr., use of grass-seeds as food
in Central Africa, i. 325.
BARTLETT, A. D., on the origin of
Himalayan" rabbits by intercross-
ing, i. 113; on the feral rabbits of
Porto Santo, i. 119; on geese with
reversed feathers on the head and
neck, i. 303; on the young of the
black-shouldered peacock, i. 306; on
a variety of the turkey, i. 309; size
of hybrids, ii. 112; on the breeding
of the Felidæ in captivity, ii. 133;
so-called hybrids, ii. 316.
BARTRAM, on the black wolf-dog of
Florida, i. 23.
BATES, H. W., refusal of wild animals
to breed in captivity, ii. 132, 135;
sterility of American monkeys in
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