o' cakes.' On his return from the Hebrides, he was asked by a Scottish gentleman, at an evening party in London, how he liked Scotland. 'Scotland, Sir?' replied Johnson, 'Scotland? Scotland, Sir, is a miserable country —a contemptible country, Sir!' 'You cannot do the Almighty the great wrong to say that, Sir,' answered the other, deeply nettled at this harsh judgment; 'GOD made Scotland, Sir!' 'Yes, Sir,' was the cutting rejoinder, 'it is true, God did make Scotland; but you should remember, Sir, that he made it for Scotchmen! God made hell, Sir!' This corollary put an end to the conversation. SIDNEY SMITH, in later days, seems to have imbibed JOHNSON's prejudice, as well as his style. Nothing could be more characteristic of both, than the following: 'With a little oatmeal for food, and a little sulphur for friction, allaying cutaneous irritation with the one hand, and holding his Calvinistical creed in the other, Sawney runs away to his flinty hills, sings his psalm out of tune his own way, and listens to his sermon of two hours long, amid the rough and imposing melancholy of the tallest thistles.' Apropos to this general theme: we have an admirable article, entitled 'Scotland and New-England,' comparing the points of resemblance in the characters of Scotchmen and 'Yankees' proper, which will show how well both may sustain the closest scrutiny.

We owe an apology to the author of the following lines, for so long delaying their publication. But there are scores of accidental contingencies, of which a contributor can form no just idea, that occasionally render the postponement of an article a matter wholly unavoidable:

LINES

IN MEMORY OF THE LATE LIEUT. WILLIAM HULBERT, U. S. A., WHO WAS MURDERED BY A PARTY OF SEMINOLE INDIANS, NEAR FORT FRANK BROOK, IN FLORIDA, IN MAY, 1839.

NOT where the youthful soldier loves to yield
His final breath, and close his failing eye,
'Mid martial sounds, upon the battle field,
Did he, the young and noble-hearted, die.

The colors of his country did not wave

In triumph o'er the spot where HULBERT fell,
Yet shall his name be counted with the brave,
Who knew their duty, and performed it well.

And though for him no marble pile may raise
Its lofty suminit to the southern sky,

No graven lines of hyperbolic praise
Arrest the traveller's cold and tearless eye:

Better memorials of his name shall live;
Remembrancers more durable and dear
Than all Marmorean eulogy can give,

Or all the monuments that art can rear.

For his had been the favored lot below,

Earth's purest and most sacred joys to find,

In all the fond affection that could flow

From hearts whose tendrils with his own were twined.

And his the solace, an unfailing fund,

Beueath whatever skies destined to rove,
To know, to feel, he could not go beyond
A mother's blessing, and a sister's love!

And at the toilsome day's desired close,

When with long vigils his young eye grew dim,

He slept, confiding in the prayer that rose,
Far in the green land of his home, for him.

And love, though unavailing to avert

The fortune he was fated to fulfil,

Survives the grave, with power to reassert

Her dear prerogative of memory still.

Yes, Love survives! — and beautiful and green
Her wreath, of recollected virtues wove :

And, smiling by her side, is ever seen
Hope, pointing to the realms of bliss above!

OWING to the great length of three or four of the 'Original Papers,' in the present issue, the review of Mr. COOPER'S 'Pathfinder' has not been prepared, as was our intention, for the May number. Desirous, however, to record a timely verdict in favor of the work, we shall content ourselves, for the present, with laying before the reader the following commendation, which we receive in a private note, from a distinguished literary source, while the sheets of this department of our Magazine are passing through the press: .. 'I have just read 'The Pathfinder.' It is an admirable production, full of fine pictures of exalted virtue in the humble paths of life. The characters of the 'Pathfinder' and of Mabel Dunham' are noble conceptions, and capitally sustained. The old salt-water tar, 'Cap,' also, is a master-piece; with his nautical wisdom, his contempt for fresh water, and his point-no-point logic. Let no one say, after considering the portraiture of Mabel Dunham, that Mr. COOPER cannot draw a female character. It is a beautiful illustration of womanly virtues, under various trials; some of the most terrific, others of the most delicate and touching nature. The death-bed scene, where Mabel prays beside her father, is among the most affecting things I have ever read; and yet how completely free from all over-wrought sentiment, or false pathos. The strongest proof to my mind of the genius displayed in the work, is the few and simple elements with which the author has wrought out his effects; for the characters are few, and the story has nothing complicated, but is a mere straightforward narrative.' Violent extremes have violent ends, and in their violence die, may be said (though the parody be something strained,) of Mr. COOPER's recent critics. 'The Pathfinder' has thus early passed to a second edition, despite the effects of ultra critiques, which declare, on the one hand, that the work is equal to any thing SCOTT ever wrote! and on the other, that it is utterly unreadable! Meantime, it should seem, the public read, and judge for themselves; and thus Mr. COOPER is 'saved' alike from his friends and enemies.

PARK THEATRE. The 'Postillion of Lonjumeau' has run through a most successful term, with Miss SHIRREFF, Mr. GIUBELEI, and Mr. WILSON, as its chief supporters. When a piece succeeds at the theatre, the inevitable, and certainly most reasonable, conclusion is formed, that it must contain some merit. A tragedy of the rough-and-tumble-school; a drama of the cut-throat and hob-goblin order; a comedy of the somnolently-serious description; or a farce, filled with the facetious novelties of Joseph Miller deceased; may each one, and all, under the sufferance of an indulgent public, exist for a matter of three nights; but beyond that, their duration extendeth not Now this assertion being settled as a truth, it appears rather surprising to us, that the opera of 'The Postillion' should have had a healthful existence of two weeks. We have no hesitation in giving to Miss SHIRREFF the highest praise for the manner in which she executed the music, and acted the part allotted to her; for indeed her greatest admirers were never more loud in her praise. Neither should Messrs. WILSON and GIUBELEI be considered unworthy of high commendation, for their respective efforts; but it is the opera - the music, in itself— which appears to us to be devoid of any particular charm. There is nothing in the whole piece which can be remembered or hummed over, one hour after leaving the theatre. There is no particular air which arrests the attention, or in the slightest degree affects the feelings. We take that to be good music, which all can understand; in which there is something to interest the ignorant, as well as the enlightened in musical matters. If it is the end and aim of sweet sounds, or of the science of music, to come within the comprehension of the musician alone, then it may be that the opera of the Postillion of Lonjumeau' is a good one, and worthy of all praise; but if it is intended to please the million-among which majority we, upon this occasion, merge our humble individuality then has this congregation of demisemiquavers failed in its effects. It pleased all the friends of the Park to see full houses there, whether they were attracted by the magnet of fashion, or the pleasure of hearing the old 'National' singers upon the metropolitan boards. The return of Miss SHIRREFF and Mr. WILSON is expected during this blooming month of May; and we, in common with a multitude, put up our humble supplication to the omnipotent manager of the Park, that he will so ordain, that an opera or two, even if it be an old one, or two,' which shall come within the comprehension of the unlearned, may be produced; 'Fra Diavalo,' 'Robert the Devil,' even Massaniello,' to say nothing of any late popular productions, have tones in them to be remembered, and are not so hacknied but they may be sung again to listening ears.

C.

"THE MISSISSIPPI BUBBLE.' Seldom has a paper in this Magazine attracted such sudden and wide attention, as 'The Mississippi Bubble,' by Mr. IRVING, in our last number. The introduction, The Weather-Breeders of Traffic,' which, by the by, was written many years ago, has been incorporated entire into the resolutions of one of our political parties, and converted into a partizan tract, for extensive distribution. It is said to 'sketch, as with a pencil of light, the scenes that have passed under our own eyes;' is pronounced to be worthy of the fame of the author of the SketchBook, and the Life of Columbus;' and to be 'as great a favor conferred on the public morals and the public weal, as his former efforts have been an ornament and an honor to our literature.' The other political party express equal satisfaction with the article, which it also commends, on the ground that the course of the Regent of France, in interfering with the management of Law's famous bank, is a forcible commentary upon the interference of government with the monetary affairs of a country. Fortunate author!-convenient parties!

WINDOW SHADES. - Something more than a year since, we adverted, at some length, in these pages, to a pleasant article of household furniture, which was then coming into use in the best dwellings of the metropolis. We allude to the window-shades, or painted muslin curtains, which may be encountered in more than two-thirds of the dwellings in town, admitting a softened, quiet light into the apartments of their owners, and serving, at the same time, as graceful ornaments of the exterior windows. Mr. GEORGE PLATT, at Number 12 Spruce-street, to whose establishment we invited the public attention, has greatly improved, as we predicted, this admirable fabric, in the variety and beauty of the pictorial embellishments and matériel. Moreover, such has been the demand for the manufacture, that the prices have been very much reduced; putting it within the ability of almost every householder to ornament his dwelling, at a comparatively trifling expense, with one of the most pleasant inventions of the day.

Gossip with Readers and Correspondents. We shall commence, in our next number, a series of original Letters from Modern Rome,' written expressly for the Knickerbocker, by George W. Greene, Esq., American Consulat Rome; a writer of distinguished repute, whose long residence in the capital of the Cæsars, intimate knowledge of the language, and official position, render him amply qualified to entertain and instruct the reader. Writing in a calm and thoughtful spirit, surrounded by the ruins of seventeen centuries, with comparisons between the past and the present ever rising ta his view, we may well anticipate an intellectual repast of no common order. A large and noble engraving, from a Roman painting by Manglard, in 1753, entitled 'Prospetto interno dell' Anfiteatro Flavio, chiamato Colosseo dalla Status Colossale che era nel Capo della Via Sacra,' lies before us; and brings back so vividly the glories of the past, and the ruins of the present, that we long for the fairy-power of Eld, to journey unseen, and to

'stand within the Colosseum's wall,

'Mid the chief relics of almighty Rome!'

The Journal of Love,' omitted for reasons elsewhere stated, will be continued in our next. A fair correspondent, ‘Cho," on 'rose-scented English satin,' writes us as follows: 'I have been commissioned by a club of ladies, (whose number is ⚫ thrice that of the Graces, and precisely that of the Muses,' and who are in the habit of meeting twice a week for the parpose of reading aloud to each other all new and tender out-pourings of romance or poetry,) to express to you how much we are indebted to you generally for your skill in catering for us, and more especially for that exquisite 'Journal of Love," by Flaccus,' which appeared in your last number. We have read nothing so glowing with feeling and fancy, for a long while. It really carries us back to the dear, delightful days, when we first thrilled under the magic verses of Moore. And how like them, too, in brilliancy and tenderness! How interesting is the hero, in spite of his ugliness! How fervid his admiration of our sex! How touching his confusion and reserve, under his growing passion! How exquisite his indomitable resolutions to give his lady-love the flower, and his faint-heartedness on meeting her! And how delicately is the line drawn, and preserved, between his passionate love for her, and her sisterly regard for him! Why, the reading of the poem so melted us, that it is well the 'embarrassments of the times' have made the men prudent, for in the softened state of our feelings, we must have yielded to the most indifferent offer.' The following papers are filed for insertion, or under consideration: A Fragment on Names;' 'The Day-Book of Life;' An Advertisement,' by John Waters;' • The Stranger,' and A Visit to Italy;' 'Many Friends;' 'Sketches of Northern Scenery;' The Sculptor in his Studio ;' 'The Brave's Heart;' 'A Leaf from Florida;' The Student's Diary;'Alphonso,' Canto II.; Letters from an Englishman in America;' Lament of Pericles ;' Letters from the Netherlands;' 'Afternoon in the Woodlands ;' ' The Place of Graves;' 'Defence of Xantippe ;''Passages from the Public Chronicles of Little Dingleton ;' 'The Sad Story;" 'Skenandoah ;'The White Valture;' Destruction of Capitan Pacha's Flag-Ship;'' American Liberty; The Voice of Ocean ;' Treatise on Galvanism and Magnetism;' The Sympathies,' from the German; The Cook, a Domestic Portrait; Memorial of Brainerd :''Love and Interest;' 'The Sceptered Monk;'An Autumn Evening;' 'Recollections Abroad;''Cathedral Church of St. Genevieve, Paris;'' Some Thoughts on Acting and Actors; Story of Anton Martinez and his Sister;' Tragi-Comedy;' 'Woman's Love; The Lioness and the Queen of Birds,' etc.

The 'Postillion.' We must beg leave to differ with our friend and correspondent 'C.' in relation to the merits of this opera. If it had not pleasant qualities — abundantly sufficient to justify its admirable adaptation by Mr. Wilson from its eminent author-it would never have been produced, nor when produced, have, even temporarily, taken the general ear captive. The Postillion' does not claim to be an elaborate, grand opera; but its pretensions are to the light and the agreeable, aud these we think it fully sustains.

CONTINUED FROM PAGE FOUR HUNDRED AND TWENTY-ONE OF THE MAY NUMBER.

BY JOHN STEARNS, M. D.

THE body is an inert mass, endowed with organs peculiarly adapted to every useful occupation, and when excited into vital action, these organs transmit to the nerves correspondent animation. Through the media of these nerves communicating with external objects, and a simultaneous operation upon the brain, ideas are derived from the senses, and from thence transmitted to, and lodged in, the brain.

The first ideas we receive, are derived mostly from the sense of touch. I wish it here to be distinctly understood, that all the ideas derived from the senses are located together in a particular part of the brain, and are denominated sensual or animal propensities, and are precisely of the same class of ideas which the inferior animals derive from the same source. And until the soul assumes its residence in the brain, and exerts its influence over that organ, the infant possesses no distinctive faculties of mind, superior to the brutes. These sensual ideas are clustered together in a part of the brain entirely distinct from that portion which is occupied by ideas arising from other sources.

The sensual ideas are the source of those appetites, desires, and affections, which contain all the germs of vice with which human nature is afflicted. From these roots emanate hatred, malice, rage, revenge, and all the kindred passions, which give origin to cruelty, ferocity, murder, and systematic warfare. But without these natural impulses, reason would be incompetent to provide for the preservation of the individual, and the continuance of the species.

The perversion of these appetites, so necessary for our preservation and happiness, gives rise to intemperance, and the various modifications of sensual indulgences. By thus prostituting his nobler and higher endowments to such sensual gratifications, man degrades the dignity of his nature, and sinks beneath the brutes. But when the soul commences its operation upon the brain, and extends and continually exerts its influence, all its congeries of organs partake of this new vitality, and the mind also assumes a new and more elevated

existence, with all its faculties and propensities strongly impressed with the intellectual, moral, and religious influence which this new inhabitant exerts over the evil tendencies of its natural propensities. Man now becomes perfect and entire, with body, soul, and mind, and so continues to exist, as long as the soul continues its destined influence over the brain. But when this influence is suspended or destroyed, by disease or violence, the faculties of the mind become deranged, suspended, or cease to exist. This subject acquires

additional illustration from recent discoveries in the science of phrenology. All who have acquired a competent knowledge of this science, uniformly concur in the opinion that all the intellectual, moral, and religious faculties which arise from the soul, are located in the anterior and superior portion of the brain. And that all the sensual and animal propensities, which arise from the senses, are located in the posterior and inferior portion of the same organ. According to the principles sustained in this system, the soul alone brings to the brain all the intellectual, moral, and religious faculties which it is known to possess. I trust therefore it will not be deemed arrogance in me to deduce, from these premises, the precise point of location where the soul assumes its actual and permanent residence. These deductions fully justify the opinion that the soul occupies only the superior and anterior portion of the brain, where these faculties are found to exist.

The relative position which the faculties of the soul and the animal propensities thus hold toward each other, is admirably arranged to carry on that systematic warfare, which is said by the apostle to be incessantly waged by the latter against the former; and is also strongly emblematical of their respective characters.

The animal propensities, low, grovelling, and deceptive, in perfect consonance with their prominent traits of character, occupy that inferior and posterior portion of the brain, by which they may be most effectually shielded, and under which they may conceal and prosecute most successfully their insidious assaults upon the soul. While the latter, from its elevated and dignified position, looks down upon its assailants with pity, shielded only from their assaults by the panoply of conscious rectitude.

From the preceding remarks, it will now be perceived that I sustain the position, that the intellectual, moral, and religious faculties exist primarily and exclusively in the soul; and that all the sensual or animal propensities arise entirely and exclusively from the body; hence the former are termed in Scripture spiritual,' and the latter 'carnal.' In proportion, then, as volition brings the soul into close affinity with the brain, will the intellectual and moral faculties more or less predominate.

The soul does not, like the mind, acquire knowledge by experience and education, but comes to its habitation in the body replete with perfect intuitive knowledge, which it gradually communicates to the mind, as circumstances facilitating such communications may be more or less propitious. It may hence be easily inferred, that the soul constitutes that new source of ideas to which I have already alluded, and which will subsequently be explained.

By what process the soul acquires its ideas, and this perfect intui