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The Maiden Hildegare (Vol. vi., p. 256.).—This personage is S. Hildegardis, a learned abbess of S. Rupert in Bingen, on the Rhine. She was born 1099, and died 1178; but other dates are given. She belonged to the class of visionaries, or mystical extasists, so abundantly produced by the iron conventual system of the Romish Church acting on an irritable brain, a sensitive nervous system, and a magnetic constitution. Her book of prophecy was first published by Henry Stephens in Paris, anno 1513, folio. The passages referred to by Mr. Warde occur in the eleventh vision of the third "Scivias," folio 112., and are as follows:

"Sex dies, sex numeri sæculi sunt; sed in sexto noua miracula mundo ædita sunt, ut etiam in sexto die deus opera sua complevit Quinque dies, quinque numeri sæculi sunt, in sexto nova miracula in terris propalata sunt velut in sexta die primus homo formatus est: Sed nunc sextus numerus finitus est et deuentum est in septimum numerum: in quo nunc cursus mundi velut in septima die requiei positus est, quia labor ille quem prius fortissimi doctores in profunditate clausorum sigillorum sanctarum scripturarum habuerunt: modo apertus existens aperte proferendus est; in lenitate verborum velut verba huius libri sunt, quasi in septima quietis die. Sex enim dies operis sunt: septima requiei est," &c.

Copenhagen.

GEORGE STEPHENS.

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The Progressive Development and Transmutation of Species in the Vegetable Kingdom (Vol. vi., p. 7.). With respect to MR. C. M. INGLEBY'S letter, perhaps the following account may be interesting to some of the readers of " N. & Q."

indeed I may say all the first shoots of the purple Cytisus have apparently died away, but have been succeeded by others in other parts of the tree. The yellow laburnum has always remained in the same place, but a fresh shoot generally appears every year. C.-S. T. P.

W Rectory.

Lobos Islands (Vol. vi., p. 336.).—

"On the 10th November (1741) we were three leagues south of the southernmost island of Lobos, lying in the latitude of 6° 27' South. There are two islands of this name; this called Lobos de la Mar, and another which is situated to the northward of it, very much resembling it in shape and appearance, and often mistaken for it, called Lobos de Tierra." R. Walter's (chaplain to the Centurion) Account of Lord Anson's Voyage round the World, 10th edit.: London, 1772, p. 253.

There must be some mistake here surely, as Brother Jonathan says he discovered these islands about 1823! C. HORN.

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CHALMERS' WORKS. Glasgow and London. Post 8vo. Vol. IV. Lectures on the Romans.

SWIFT'S WORKS (demy octavo, in 20 volumes). Vol. XII. Dublin, George Faulkner, 1772.

RETROSPECTIVE REVIEW. Vols. XV. & XVI.

ADOLPHUS' (J. L.) ESSAY, to prove Sir Walter Scott the author of Waverley.

LECTURES ON THE EPISTLE OF PAUL THE APOSTLE TO THE ROMANS. Vol. IV.

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NEW UNIVERSAL MAGAZINE, commencing about 1750-1.
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DR. RICHARD GREY'S SERMON at the Re-opening of Steane Chapel.
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About fifteen years ago, I planted a purple laburnum tree on my lawn, which for two or three years produced nothing but the flowers of the ductions of the well known Sir Thomas Browne. It is reprinted

purple laburnum: the purple Cytisus, exactly as MR. INGLEBY describes it, then made its appear

CYWIR. The Repertorium was one of the very last of the pro

in the 3d vol. (p 279. et seq.) of the edition of his works lately published by Bohn in his Antiquarian Library.

PHOTOGRAPHY. The length of DR. DIAMOND'S communication in

ance, certainly without any grafting or budding, the present Number compels us to postpone until next week J. W.'s.

or anything of that kind; and three or four years after that, the yellow laburnum. The three different flowers have since appeared every year, and were this spring, if anything, more beautiful and abundant than ever. Some of the first shoots,

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Algae, distribution of marine, on the British and Irish coasts, by Prof. Dickie Apple, the

Barley, to sow, by the Rev. G. Wilkins British Association, proceedings of Calendar, horticultural Capesthorne, report on Carton, James

Cattle stalls, asphalte floors for

Crops, rotation of, by
Mr. Wheatley
Dielytra spectabilis
Draining, land
Fairy rings, by Mr.
Bree

Farmers' Club, report of the Driffield Farming in Normandy, by Mr. Brown Farming, profits of, by Mr. Mechi

Fish, gold, by Mr. Welton

Food adulterated Fungi attacking grasses (with engravings) Heating, gas, by Mr. Cuthill

Inks, writing

Jackson's

(Messrs.)

nursery Lawes' experiments Leaves, importance of Mangold Wurzel Manure, liquid, effects of

Milk-pans, glass, by
Mr. Gray
Orchids, British
Orchids, Cape, by Mr.
Plant

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NEW EDITION OF MRS. JAMESON'S LEGENDS OF THE MONASTIC ORDERS. The Second Edition, in square crown 8vo. with 11 Etchings by the Author, and 88 Woodcuts, price 288. cloth,

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QUERIES:

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385

386

Queries on Locke's "Essay on the Understanding," &c. 386
Discovery of the Body of a Beheaded Man
"The Spectator," No. I., June 13, 1716, by J. Yeowell 387
Minor Queries: - Guide-books- Whipping-post-Sir
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REPLIES:

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"The Good Old Cause," by James Crossley
The Hereditary Standard Bearer, Scotland
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MISCELLANEOUS :-

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Price Fourpence.
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Notes.

SPECTATOR."

66 VOLUME NINTH OF THE Of this continuation, which is left out of all the later editions, Budgell, whose information was pretty certain to be correct, tells a story in his Bee, vol. i. p. 27. (Lond. 1733, 8vo.):

"When the old Spectator was laid down by those hands which at first composed it, the paper was immediately set on foot again by some of the greatest wits in England, several of whose writings of different kinds had been received with the utmost applause by the public; yet even these gentlemen, to their great surprise, found the thing would not do, and had the good sense not only to drop their design, but to conceal their names. The late Mr. Addison said, upon this occasion, that he looked upon the undertaking to write Spectators to be like the attempt of Penelope's lovers to shoot in the bow of Ulysses; who soon found that nobody could shoot well in that bow but the hand which used to draw it."

66

Now, who were these contributors, whom Budgell styles some of the greatest wits in England?" Mr. William Bond, who it appears was the editor, speaks of "two excellent essays being presented to him by a friend celebrated for his vast genius, and who furnished, I won't say the former Spectator, but the Tatler, with a better fame than they would perhaps have obtained if he had not lent his hand." This seems to point at Swift; and if so, which are the two papers he contributed? Dr. Drake "cannot discover a single paper in the smallest degree entitled to the appellation of witty" (Essays on the Rambler, &c., vol. i. p. 30.); and Alexander Chalmers observes (British Essayists, vol. vi. Pref., p. 73., edit. 1802) of this continuation, that it is far "inferior to the spurious Tatler, and indeed to any imitation whatever of the works of Steele and Addison." In these opinions I do not altogether concur, and, without denying its general inferiority to the preceding 402 eight volumes, yet still think it deserving of being included in any edition of the Spectator. The eighth volume, in which the genius of Addison had blazed almostall than was ly as it approximated to the of my subject. I, howeve, which he had no to give my reasons for the incide Budgell (Bee,

401

- 402

Faerie Queene, V. ar.

403

vol. ii. p. 854.), terminated Dec. 20, 1714.. On Monday, January 3, 1715, the first number of the ninth volume appeared, in a folio size, similar to that of the preceding volumes, printed for Edward Powell, instead of S. Buckley and J. Tonson, who had printed the eighth volume. At the end of the 54th No. of the ninth volume is a note:

"N.B.- My readers having been several times disappointed of the Spectator, which they have given me so good reason to believe they are pleased with, I have in gratitude taken care to remedy that neglect by chusing diligent Mrs. Burleigh for my publisher." It is thenceforward printed and sold by R. Burleigh in Amen Corner. It closed on Wednesday, August 24, 1715, and contains in all, as originally published in folio, sixty-two numbers, not fiftynine as Chalmers, or sixty-one as Dr. Drake has mentioned. The last number seems singularly enough to have escaped the attention of the publisher who collected the whole into a volume. In the seventh edition of the ninth volume (Dubl. 1735, 12mo.), the last number is 695, answering to 61 of the folio edition. In the original folio, of which I possess a copy, there are no letters or signatures at the end of the different papers to designate the several writers. These, it appears, were afterwards added when the numbers were collected into a volume. The letter B is sub

joined to twenty-six numbers, W to six, O to four, L to three, M to two, and IB, TW, G, N T, W B, S, and H, to one number each. If B be intended for the editor, William Bond, he was by no means so inferior a writer as he has been represented. He afterwards joined Aaron Hill in the Plain Dealer, and incurring the ire of Pope was pilloried in the Dunciad. There is a most touching letter from him in the Prompter (6th June, 1735), a periodical of unfrequent occurrence, of which I have a copy, predicting his own death whilst acting Lusignan in the tragedy of Zara, and which, when the play came to be performed, really occurred. This letter has not been noticed in the Biographia Dramatica, or Chalmers's Biographical Dictionary, article " Bond," but ought certainly to be given at length in any future life of him. The ninth volume of the Spectator, which he edited, deserves, perhaps, more attention than it has hitherto received; and it would be desirable to ascertain the contributors as far as it can be done, amongst whom Aaron Hill, I have no doubt, will be found to be one. Dr. George Sewell, we are told, in Cibber's Lives of the Poets (vol. iv. p. 188.), was concerned in writing the ninth volume of the Spectator," but there is no particular reference to the papers which he furnished. I cannot but think that I trace Swift in the paper No. 4. in the fol G639. in the collected edition, in humorous accoun BELL, Of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish AK SHAW, of No. 8. New Street Square, at N said. Saturday, October 16. 1852.

66

s a

clothes into articles of food and other necessaries. The letter W is, however, subjoined to this paper. JAS. CROSSLEY.

READINGS IN SHAKSPEARE, NO. VI.
"Or to take arms against a sea of troubles,
And, by opposing, end them."
Hamlet's Soliloquy.

A sea of troubles is, in this passage, one of those doubtful expressions of which the genuineness is necessarily suspected, because of incongruity with the context; while in itself it is sufficiently poetical and harmonious to satisfy the ear more than it offends the sense.

Hence, to have a chance of success, any proposal for its alteration must present a more than ordinary combination of appositeness and probability; and hence the several alterations hitherto proposed have all failed, because none of them presented a sufficiently close resemblance to the existing word to justify the supposition of a misprint.

Pope proposed the substitution of a siege: "To take arms against a siege of troubles." Warburton proposed assail:

"To take arms against assail of troubles."

And, in an old copy of the 4th folio, now before me, the line is thus corrected (in MS. writing of the true time-browned, rusty-iron, hue):

"To take arms against assailing troubles," accompanied by this unassuming marginal note, "So changed by some to preserve ye metaphor." Theobald, Johnson, Steevens, Malone, and others, who support the present reading, have thrown away great pains and learning to prove, what no person denies, that "a sea of troubles" is in itself a perfectly correct and intelligible metaphor; but they have not attempted to explain the real difficulty, that to take arms against a sea neither presents an intelligible idea in itself, nor assists in carrying on the general allusion to offensive and defensive warfare. They do not even explain in what sense arms should be understood, whether as artificial weapons, like Dame Partington's broom, or as the natural appendages of the human frame, as interpreted by the Spanish

translator of Hamlet

66

Aponer los brazos á este torrente de calamidades." Slings and arrows are figurative of armed aggression, against which to have recourse to arms in opposition is a natural sequence of idea; but if these arms are to be directed against a sea of troubles, the sequence is broken, and the whole allusion becomes obscure and uncertain. Here it is that sound steps in in default of e, a the Superficin in A, West, in sality of London, Publisher, at No. 186. The is ide, in the City of London; and

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