FROM A NEW YORK PAPER. WOOL. it with a still larger proportion of them by plung-ful arts, and affords one of the few instances in ing the sheep into stagnant water and muddy which the moderns excel the ancients in matters pools, or by driving them several times through of tasteful design and execution. What has The Long Island Star contains a communica- a small rivulet, rendered turbid by their passage, greatly contributed to this evident superiority is tion on the subject of growing and cleaning wool, afterwards driving them dripping wet along dusty a scientific knowledge of the chymical properties from which we take the following extracts:- roads, and lodging them, in that state, on dry of earths and metals, a species of knowledge with I will now address a few words to the experi- fallows and sandy soils, all which is visible in the which the ancients, with the exception, perhaps, mental farmer, and to farmers in general, by way colour and grittiness of the staple. Indeed, sir, I of the Egyptians, were almost totally unacof admonishing as well as instructing them a lit- seldom examine a parcel of wool without finding quainted. The art, however, even in an impertle in the management of their sheep and wool, some of these defects in it. But I can make due fect state, was so highly esteemed by the ancias the shepherd's calling is now united with the allowance: the most careful farmer cannot al-ents, that very shortly after its introduction pursuits of the naturalist, and knowledge, com-ways prevent those contaminations; and besides, among the Romans, it was adopted as the most bined with industry, is doing much to improve the country is young in these matters. When it splendid decoration of their imperial banquets, the sheep of this country, in order to confirm the has attained its due maturity, we shall find it and almost banished the use of gold and silver stability and extend the circulation of their manu- more perfect. There is something so artless, so ornaments. One exquisite specimen of the skill factures, and so happily seconded by the judg-innocent, so simple, in all the associations of our of the ancients in this department is too well ment, eloquence, fortune, influence, &c. of dis-ideas respecting sheep and wool, and we find them known and appreciated to need any criticism—we tinguished agriculturists throughout this extend-so often mentioned in the Scriptures, that one refer to the Barberini vase in the British museed country. would think every pious farmer must look on um. This, like most of the remaining specimens As the genial season is near at hand when them as things almost sacred. of ancient glass blowing, is round, for the anciflocks are disburthened of their coat, and pay I now appeal, Mr. Editor, to those farmers ents seem never to have acquired the art of mantheir annual tribute, due for the protection and who have not been exactly influenced by these ufacturing vessels of oval and mutilateral forms. sustenance they have received, I would have ideas, and feel some compunction for the injuries The Chinese have brought this art to a high dethem collected together in a grassy enclosure, I have herein sustained. They may make me gree of finish, but from the same cause as affectnear the owner's dwelling, where they should be some reparation and appease their own conscien-ed the manufacture among the Romans, have disburthened of those loads of excrements they ces a little, and serve their country materially by been compelled to confine themselves to a very are too commonly allowed to carry behind them, a due attention to that important article, WooL, limited range. and which in England is called dagging. When- an article very closely connected with the inter- Among the moderns, the Venetians led the way ever this is attended to, it is a proof of the farmer's ests of every class of society; and also, by wash- in the working of fine glass: from them the art improving taste of his honesty, and his humani-ing and managing it well, so as to compete, at was borrowed by the English, and has gone on ty. I bought a farmer's wool on Long Island, least, with the foreign wools, now pouring in so constantly improving till our glass-works now about three years back; in fact, the very first fast upon us, for it is of the utmost importance to excel, beyound all dispute, the glass works of lot I bought after my arrival here; the flock I the American wool-grower, that he be not out- any other country in the world.-It seems scarcebelieve consisted of two or three hundred, out of done by foreigners. Many of our manufacturers ly possible to carry the art any further, but a which I sent back to him 16 lbs. of real dung, that already give a preference to the wool of Spain book has lately been put into our hands, written was left on the breech of the fleece, which cost particularly, purely on account of its cleanness, by Mr. Pellatt, of St. Paul's church-yard, which me 65 cents per lb. Don't you think, Mr. Edi- and yielding so little waste, when compared with gives the hope of elevating the glass manufacture tor, that the farmer ought, in justice and honor, American wool. to the class of the fine arts. His book contains to have returned me so much money or its weight Did you ever read the story in Ovid, Mr. Edi-an account of a patent for the ornamental incrusin wool? The farmer who sends filthy wool to tor, of one Jason, who took a long and danger-tation of glass, with several specimens of the market, ought to be reported. Here is no law, I ous voyage to Colchis, in search of the golden present state of the invention. If we may judge find, as in England, against false winding-laws fleece, so celebrated in the songs of Orpheus? I by the plates, and also by some specimens which were only made for the villains of society. The was extensively engaged in the wool trade near- we have seen, the writer has completely made farmers of this country, I believe to be moral and ly fourteen years, in England, but could never out a claim to rank among the most eminent of conscientious, in general, and disdain to be made find it ; and now although I crossed the Atlantic the improvers of our manufactures, and may honest by constraint. I wish every farmer to in search of it, I despair of ever finding it here. fairly challenge a place among the professors of wash his sheep in a fine clear running stream of If, instead of all those noxious ingredients I have the fine arts, though he modestly disclaims any fresh water, till they are quite clear of yoik; hitherto met with in your fleeces, I could now such pretension. Those who may not have an then put them in some orchard or enclosure, and then find something valuable, a piece of opportunity of secing his book, or the specimens where there is no dirt or filth of any kind, for homespun to make me a working jacket, a silver in his store-rooms, may form some notion of the them to lie down in; then let them remain till spoon or two, a half eagle or a doubloon; then I invention from the following description, extractthey are quite dry; then let the shepherd dis- might say I had obtained the prize! Here is the ed from his publication: play his skill in shearing them, on a clean barn golden fleece I have so long sought for! "England has always been famed for bringing floor, or on a spread sail cloth on the grass, where But I might have foreseen and guarded against to perfection, and directing to a useful applica the fleece cannot imbibe any dirt or rubbish. Let all this mishap, had I taken Gideon's method. He tion, the crude inventions of other countries. A there be a table provided, on which to wind the that has read the book of Judges will there see the patent has recently been taken out for ornamentfleece carefully up, as you would a clean table- means he used, to ascertain how far he had the dial incrustations, called crystallo Ceramie, which cloth, and then it will unfold as easy and as clean vine favor with him, before he went up against bids fair to form an era in the art of glass maunder the sorter's hands, as in justice, it ought the Midianites. Had I made the same experi- king. By the improved process, ornaments of to do. I very often find fleeces with long bands ment with a fleece of wool, before I ventured to any description, arms, cyphers, portraits, and to them, twisted as hard as bell-ropes, from the encounter the Americans, I might also have redu-landscapes, of any variety of colour, may be inbreech of the fleece, containing and concealing all ced the thing to a certainty, one way or the other. troduced into glass, so as to become perfectly imthe coarser parts of the fleece. This, too, is an However, Mr. Editor, as sheep-shearing season perishable. The substance of which they are artful trick of the wool-winder, and occasions a is so near at hand, I will cherish a hope, that composed is less fusible than glass, incapable of great deal of trouble to the sorter. I could wish shall be fleeced in a very different way to what I generating air, and at the same time susceptible to have every fleece tied up neatly with a piece have been. A silver cup or a silver spoon in of contraction or expansion, as, in the course of of twine, quite dry, and free from every noxious every sack's mouth, will be better than five or manufacture, glass becomes hot or cold. It may particle. When I find sand, or any thing that is six pounds of dirt, sticks, straw, or stones. If I previously be formed into any device or figure by hot wool, or trace the evidences of its being shorn should experience some gratifications of this sort, either moulding or modelling; and may be paintand wound up in a moist state, circumstances from the wool growers, this ensuing clip, I will, ed with metallic colours, which are fixed by which every novice in sorting can distinguish; if I live, make suitable mention of the same next exposure to metallic heat. The ornaments are when I see wool piled upon a damp barn floor, far year, in behalf of my brethren of the staple, from the influence of the air and sun, as though and self. Till then I take my leave of you. jealous of their evaporating power: I say, Mr. Editor, when I see these things, I cannot help attributing them to causes, not altogether accidental. I very often detect the shepherds' carelessness, where water is scarce. Instead of keeping out of New York, May 6. GLASS MANUFACTURE. the fleece, sand, clay, dirt, sticks, straws, grass, be classed amongst the most beautiful of the useThe art of manufacturing ornamental glass may buns, &c. with which it is encumbered, he supplies introduced in the body of the glass while hot, by which means the air is effectually excluded, the composition being actually incorporated with the glass. In this way, every description of ornamental glass ware may be decorated with embossed white or coloured arms or crests. Spenot only in decanters and wine glasses, but in cimens of these incrustations have been exhibited, lamps, girandoles, chimney ornaments, plates and smelling bottles. Busts and statues, on al To account for occasional failures, of which we sive as to the incalculable advantages of the prac small scale, carvatides to support lamps or readily admit the existence, something is to be tice of the first over that of the latter method. clocks, masks, after the antique, have been in-attributed to those animosities which prevail The number of persons who have died of the troduced with admirable effect. throughout nature, and which the physician ob- small pox this year within the bills of mortality "The composition used in the patent incrus-serves, not in some peculiar constitutions only, is only 508; not more than two-thirds of the ations is of a silvery appearance, which has a but in the same constitution at different periods number who fell a sacrifice to that disease the superb effect when introduced into richly cut of life, rendering the human frame at one time year before; and as in our last report we had the glass. Miniatures, however, may be enamelled susceptible of disorder from a mere change of the satisfaction of stating that more persons had been upon it, without the colours losing any of their wind, and capable, at another, of resisting the most vaccinated during the preceding than in any for brilliancy; and thus, instead of being painted on malignant and subtle contagion. But amongst the mer twelve months, we flatter ourselves that the surface of the chrystal may be embodied most frequent sources of failure which have oc- this diminution of the number of deaths from in it. curred, and will for some time continue to occur, small pox may fairly be attributed to the wider diffusion of vaccination. WILLIAM BRIZARD By order of the Board, Censors of the Governors of the JAMES HERVEY, M. D. Registrar. FROM A LONDON PAPER. These documents shew the error of the great fo litico-economical oracle of the world, ADAM SMITH, on the subject of foreign imported grain. He is equally wrong in twenty other great points. AGRICULTURAL COMMITTEE. "A most important advantage to be derived is to be numbered that careless facility with which from this elegant invention respects the preser- unskilful benevolence undertook to perform vaccivation of inscriptions. Casts of medals and coins nation in the early years of the discovery: for expresent no equal security for perpetuating them.perience has taught us, that a strict inquiry into The inscription, when once incrusted in a solid condition of the patient to be vaccinated, great block of chrystal, like the fly in amber, will ef-attention to the state of the matter to be inserted, fectually resist for ages the destructive action of and a vigilant observation of the progress of the the atmosphere. Had this art have been known vesicles, on the part of the operator, are all esto the ancients, it would have perpetuated to us sentially necessary to its complete success. many interesting memorials. In laying the foun- That less enlightened parents should hesitate to dation of a public edifice, an incrustation of this accept a substitute for inoculation, which is not kind will be a record are perennius. perfect in all its pretensions, and absolutely and "It is probable, however, that a collateral ad-altogether effectual to exempt the objects of their vantage of no small importance will result from solicitude from every future possible inconvenithe invention, inasmuch as it will tend very con-ence, does not surprize us; but we cannot forbear *iderably to enhance the value of the British to express our unqualified reprobation of the glass wares, and to extend the application of glass conduct of those Medical practitioners, who, to new purposes of domestic utility. The highly knowing well that vaccination scarcely occasions ornamental effect which may by this means be the slightest indispositions, that it spreads no given to glass, will recommend these incrusta-contagion, that in a very large proportion of cations in the place of metallic ornaments for door ses it affords an entire security against small pox, plates, or handles, bell pulls, looking glasses, and and in almost every instance is a protection other sorts of furniture, besides plateaus, and the against danger from that disease, are yet hardy EXTRACTS FROM THE EVIDENCE TAKEN BY THE decorations of the table or sideboard. The ex-enough to persevere in recommending the insertension of any branch of domestic industry at the tion of a poison, of which they cannot pretend to present time is a consideration of the greatest anticipate either the measure or the issue (for no which evidence was taken, is the rate at which foOne of the most important. of the subjects on moment."-Aurora. discernment is able to distinguish those constitu- reign corn can be imported into this country. tions which will admit inoculated small pox with safety ;) and there are some families so danger-quantity of foreign corn imported even in times Dr. Smith had observed, "that the small ously affected by all the eruptive diseases that of the greatest scarcity, may satisfy our farmers they fall into imminent hazard in taking any of that they can have nothing to fear from the freest Report to the Secretary of State for the Home them. This remark has a peculiar application to importation." This conclusion, however, it was Department, from the British National Vaccine small pox. maintained had been completely falsified by exEstablishment. A family lost its two first born children of the perience, and the most extravagant assertions NATIONAL VACCINE ESTABLISHMENT AT PER-Small pox, inoculated by two of the most skilful respecting the price at which corn could be raisLY STREET, JANUARY 31, 1822. surgeons of the time; nor is it improbable that ed in foreign countries were hazarded both in and Sir: Vaccination has now been submitted to the the parents might have had to lament the loss of out of Parliament. test of another year's experience, and the result is more children under the same formidable disease, an increase of our confidence in the benefits of it. if the promulgation of the protecting influence of We are happy to say, that it appears to have been vaccination had not happily interposed to rescue "I should apprehend that the price of grain in practised more extensively than it was, notwith-them from the consequences of a repetition of Poland, from whence the greatest supply comes, standing the influence of exaggerated rumours of the fatal experiment. Of their remaining chil-is not more than 16s. when sold to the speculator the frequent occurrence of small pox subsequent-dren, one took the small pox after vaccination, at Dantzic; the price at Odessa much less, and ly on the minds of some persons, and the obsti- and went through it in that mild and mitigated that the speculator, in the first instance, gains nate prejudices of others, who still continue to form, which stamps a value upon this resource, probably not much less than a hundred per cent. adopt inoculation for that disease. The unavoida- as real in the eye of reason and sound philosophy, by it, and that the cause of bringing it to this ble consequence of the latter practice is to supply as when it prevents the malady altogether. country in the quantities that have been so ruina constant source of infection, and to put the mer- We have contended, sir, for this its merit ous to it, have been the enormous profits expectits of vaccination perpetually to the severest trial. with all the powers of our understanding, and ed by the importer." VACCINATION. John Christain Curwen, Esq. M. P. stated in evidence before the committee :— Of small pox, in the modified and peculiar form with all that fair and just pretension to convince John Ellman, Esq. stated, as on the authority which it assumes, when it attacks a patient, who others to which we are entitled, by being firmly of different importers of grain, and particularly has been previously vaccinated, many cases in- and sincerely convinced ourselves. Nor shall we a gentleman living at Lewes, a very large mealdeed have been reported to us, in the course of relax in our efforts to promote its adoption, but man and merchant, who showed him several letlast year, and some have fallen within the sphere continue to exert the influence which the benevo-ters both from Dantzic and Hamburgh, that— of our own observation; but the disorder has al-lent designs of Parliament, in establishing this "White wheats and red wheats to weigh 61 ways run a safe course, being uniformly exempt Board, have given us, for extending the benefits and 62 pounds a bushel after paying the freight, from the secondary fever, in which the patient of this salutary practice. could be delivered at Newhaven harbour, near dies most commonly, when he dies of small pox. That the blessing is not yet absolutely perfect, Lewes, at from 32 to 34 shillings a quarter; the For the truth of this assertion, we appeal to the we are ready to admit; but when we compare it freight would be about four shillings a quarter; testimony of the whole medical world. And for with inoculation for the small pox, the only alter-that they could buy it at 28s. to 30s. a proof that the number of such cases bears no native, we have no hesitation in stating, that the "Did he state that as the usual average price, proportion to the thousands who have profitted, to comparison affords an irresistible proof of its or merely the price at the present moment?-He the fullest extent of security, by its protecting in-superior claims to regard; for we learn from am-stated that it was frequently lower; that he could fluence, we appeal confidently to all who frequent ple experience, that the number of cases of small frequently purchase it at a less price, and I suppothe theatres and crowded assemblies, to admit pox, in the safe form which it is found to assume sed, vice versa, sometimes it would be higher. that they do not discover in the rising generation after vaccination, is by no means equal to the Mr. William Stickney.-"I have an act of any longer that disfigurement of the human face, number of deaths by inoculation; an evidence the prices of foreign corn abroad; at Antwerp which was obvious every where some years since. quite irrefragable, and, as it appears to us deci-wheat may be obtained from 34s. 64. to 37s. 6d. ". wheat 22s. 6d. to 30s.; oats, 11s. 6d. to 11s. 8d.; oats, 11s. 3d. to 12s. 3d.; at Archangel, wheat ly may be made of some use, if cultivators, in-are more innocent, and of more consequenc from 21s. to 22s. ; from 9s. to 9s. 6d. for oats; at stead of consulting the almanac, will attend to than political squabbles, or the new invented Koningsberg, from 34s. 44s. for wheat; oats the indications of nature. Certain plants will distinctions of "middling interest, and "federal from 12s. to 13s. ; at Memel, wheat 31s. 5d. to not flower till the earth has arrived to a given interest," when in fact, we have but ONE inter52s. 6d. ; oats, from 12s. to 12s. 4d.; at Riga, degree of temperature. est, the prosperity and happiness of our comThey vary from five to twenty days in the time mon country. at Liebau, from 30s. to 33s. for wheat; and oats of flowering, in different seasons. If, therefore, as to the tenderer plants, the Indian corn, squash, NEW METHOD OF PRESERVING POpumpkin and melon, we should resolve to plant TATOES. them, not at a determinate period of the year, but when we should find by the flowering of certain plants, that the soil is so warm as not to endanger their rotting in the earth, we think some good would be attained. 11s. 4d. "Then there is the freight to be added to that? Yes: but that would be very trifling from these near places." G. Webb Hall, Esq.-" The first thing we venture to ask is a permanent duty, whatever may be the price of 40s. per quarter upon wheat; and we do it on this principle, that wheat may be imported upon an average of years from 30s. to 35s. into the port of London." Mr. Tooke, who for many years has been extensively engaged in commerce with Russia, delivered in accounts of the prices of wheat at the various ports of Russia, from 1814 to 1820, and of the cost delivered in the port of London. From Petersburgh, in 1814, £2, 1s. 8d.-1815, £1, 17s. 9d.-1816, £2, 5s.-1817, £2, 18s.-1818, £2, 11s. 6d.-1819, £1, 14s, 8d.-1820, £1, 10s. 4d. From Archangel, 1814, £2, 1s.-1815, £1, 16s. 7d.-1816, £2, 1s.-1817, £2. 18s. 4d.-1818, £2, 6s. 1d.-1819, £1, 10s. 7d.-1820, £1, 4s. From Riga, in 1814, £2, 13s. 11d.-1815, £2, 7s. 10d.-1816, £2, 15s. 7d.-1817, £2, 13s. 7d. -1818, £2, 19s.-1819, £1, 19s. 4d.-1820, £1, 15s. 5d. The following are the average prices at which it was delivered in the port of London : The following method of preserving this impor tant article of food is extracted from the Memoirs of the Caledonian Horticultural Society :For some years, I have bestowed considerable attention on the mode of preserving that most We shall take a few plants as a specimen, useful and valuable vegetable, the potato. I and compare the present season with some of the have tried many various ways of keeping it, but earliest during the last nine years. have found none so good as the following, which I The Cherry opened its blossoms in 1813, May have employed these two last years with the best 10th-1815, May 10th-1816, May 6th-1818, success. May 17-1820, May 2d-1822, May 1st. 9th. That part of my potatoes, which I mean to Asparagus was fit for the table for the first keep longest, that is, for spring and summer use, time in 1813, May 4th-1815, May 6th-1816, May before the succeeding crop be ready, I put into The following, according to Mr. Tooke, are 5th-1818, May 15th-1820, May 1st-1822. small pits, holding about two bolls each, heaped the average prices of wheat in the various Rus- May 1st. It should be remarked, that the Aspa-up and covered in the usual mode, with straw and sian ports:ragus was cut from the same bed in each year-earth. In April or May, according to the heat of a bed planted 39 years since, and never changed, the season, these potatoes are turned over inta and off one which has been constantly growing other pits, after carefully rubbing off, or picking better-an important fact in horticulture. out the shoots or buds, and laying aside every one Plums were first in flower in the year 1815, that has any blemish or tendency to spoil. The May 14th-1817, May 7th-1819, May 13th-evening before, a new pit is dug, or an old one 1821, May 11th-1822, May 4th. cleaned out, in some dry spot; and, if possible, unPears began to blow for the first time in 1813, der the shade of some tree, wall, or stack of hay, May 20th-1815, May 12th-1817, May 7th- &c. This is filled nearly full of water, which by 1819, May 17th-1820, May 9th-1822, May 5th. next morning is all drunk in, and the earth well Apples first showed their open flowers, in 1813, cooled all round in the pit. The potatoes care May 23d-1816, May 18th-1817, May 12th-fully picked of all their shoots, are put into the pit 1819, May 19th-1820, May 11th-1822, May thus prepared; and every quantity, of a firlot or half a boll, is watered as it is put in till the potaFrom Petersburgh, in 1814, £3, 1s. 3d.-1815, It will be seen by this table, that the present toes are level with the surface of the ground; they £2. 14s. 5d.-1816, £2, 14s. 7d.-1817, £3, 8s. season is the earliest, on the whole, which we are then covered with live turf the green side -1818, £3, 2s. 6d.-1819, £2, 4s. 11d.-1820, have had for nine years. next the potatoes, and a hearty watering given; £1, 19s. 8d. There is, however, a manifest difference be- when the whole is covered to the depth of two feet, From Archangel, in 1814, £3, 5s. 3d.-1815, tween the relative times of flowering of the with earth, watered and well beaten together with £2, 15s. Ed.-1816, £2, 11s. 5d.-1817, £3, 9s. different plants, in the several years; and this the spade. This process is repeated every time 7d.-1818, £2, 19s. 2d.-1819, £2, 2s. 10d.is readily accounted for by the circumstance, the potatoes are turned over, which is about once that a single cold turn of weather will check in three weeks, less or more according to the wea1820, £1, 14s. 6d. From Riga, in 1814, £3, 13s. 7d.-1815, £3, the progress of all plants, and the season which ther. When it is very hot, and the pits or heaps 4s. 4d.-1816, £3, 4s. 11d.-1817, £4, 3s, 5d.-may have produced the earliest flowers on the not in the shade, it is proper sometimes to cover 1818, £3, 9s. 9d.-1319, £2, 9s. 4d.-1820, £2, Apricot, the earliest of our fruits, may be not ear-the pit or heap with a mat, supported on a few lier than usual in producing flowers on the Apple. sticks, so as to allow a free current of air between Exclusive of granary rent, and fire insurance, To give one practical rule, which we believe the mat and the heap. and exclusive of interest of money and of the may be of some use, we should say, that when In this way, I have been enabled to preserve merchants' commission when on consignment, and the Apple tree flowers, we may safely (be it potatoes quite plump, and entire in taste, to the also exclusive of the liability to damage, and of sooner or later) venture to put our corn, squash-end of September, or till the succeeding crop be getting out of condition during the voyage. es and melons into the earth. sufficiently ripe, to be used without loss; and loss At Odessa, wheat would stand rather more than The season was the earliest as to the open-must always be sustained in the quantity, when 30s. on board, and the charges to this about 16s. ing of the ground known on my place for 10 potatoes are largely used before they be nearly per quarter, exclusive of risk of damages, which years. I planted potatoes and peas on the 7th ripe. Nay, in this way, potatoes may be recoverare little less than 5s. a quarter, and a variety of of March, fifteen days earlier than I was ever ed in plumpness and taste, when they have suffercharges. Taking all charges into consideration, able to do it before-but as I have often before ed by injudicious exposure to air and heat, or by wheat could not be imported at present into Lon-remarked, all these differences disappear as the necessary carriage. In July last, I had occasion don from Odessa at less than upwards of 50s. a season advances, and on the whole I doubt whe-to send some potatoes for the use of my family, at ther the present season is in advance more than sea bathing quarters, a distance of sixteen or sevWith respect to the quality compared with four or five days than that of common years. It enteen miles, They were taken out of the pit, English wheat, Mr. Tooke observed-however, is a great relief to the labour of the and put into a sack; but it was three or four days 4s. 6d quarter. The best guide is the difference of price in farmer.-His season of labour has been extend- before they were sent off; and, when they came the market; and while the best British white ed this year at least three weeks in this vicini-to be used, they were found to have lost much of wheat is quoted at from 61s, to 64s. the quotations ty, and this is of great value to him. The show their fine taste, and somewhat of their mealiness, are from Archangel 36s. and 37s.; Petersburgh, of blossoms in all kinds of fruit is very good, near-I immediately made a small pit in the back ground 56s. and 39s.; extra, 44s. and hard 46s.; Riga, ly double to that of the last year. The pre-belonging to the house I possessed; into which 39s. to 43s.; Courland, 44s. These are the pri-sent cold weather is highly beneficial to the fruit. when well watered, the potatoes were put, waterces quoted for what is free." We had a pretty severe frost on the 6th inst.ed and covered, as already described. In five which in low grounds injured early potatoes, but days the pit was opened, and the potatoes had rethe damage on the whole was not great. If we covered both their dryness and taste. can escape another for one week more, we may presume on a fruitful year. The prospect of grass is at this moment above that of ordinary A ROXBURY FARMER. FROM THE BOSTON DAILY ADVERTISER. COMPARISON OF THE PRESENT, WITH We have for several years published such a|years. AGRICULTURAL PREMIUMS. The Farmers Society of Barnwell District will award the following Premiums, each to consist of Twenty Dollars, or a Silver Mug of that value, at the option of successful candidates, at their stated meeting in January 1823. 2d, For the greatest quantity of Grain, the produce of one acre, of either Swamp or Pine Land. 3d, For the greatest quantity of Rice, the produce of one acre of either High or Low Land. 1 } $40 4 50 1st, For the greatest quantity of Grain, the pro-dious, I have presumed that it would be equally ence to vufermented swill, is not less than 30 duce of one acre of High Land. satisfactory to you to be furnished with the aggre- per cent, and is much preferred by swine. Algate of the several kinds of grain, which I care though he has made no experiment to ascerully abstracted from his book under his inspec-tam the relative value of the different kinds of tion and with his assistance. grain as food for hogs, he is of opinion that rye The account is as follows: is the most profitable. On hand April 1st, 1821, 8 hogs weighed 1000lb. a $4. Nine pigs a 50cts. each. shote (last spring pig) purchased in October, and 1 shote purchased in DeDecember following Grain consumed by these 17 swine from the 1st April, 1821, to 31st March, 1822 inclusive, and the 2 others, from the time of purchase to 3d April last. bushels corn and 4th, For the greatest quantity of Root or Slip Potatoes, the produce of one acre, of either High or Low Land; the acre to be square, and not more than 210 feet square; the crops must be planted and harvested, within the period of 12 months. 5th, For the best Calf, one year old, raised by the competitor, and exhibited at the said meeting in January; this premium to be continued anually, until the animals reach the age of five years. cobs 6th, Also a premium of Ten Dollars, or a Silver Mug of that value, for the best Hog, raised by the 79 competitor, not more than one year old; this premium to be awarded annually until the animals 21 bushels corn reach the age of three years. Should the animals 90 bushels rye exhibited not be deemed above mediocrity, the 11 bushels oats Society will not award a premium. Relative to 56 bushels barley the Crops, a detailed account of the mode of culture, and preparation of the land, is requested. 13 at 30 cts. $23 70 at 33 at 624 $142 12 It is expected all candidates will produce such tes- Wash from the house, valued at 15 timony as to prevent any doubts relative to the correctness of their statements, in regard to the Time in taking care of the age of their Animals, and the Produce of their Fields. JOHN S. BELLINGER, President. JENNINGS O'BANNON, Sec'ry. Barnwell Court House, Jan. 28th, 1822. hogs and in going to mill with the grain, with the use of horse and wagon Carting mud taken from ditches, into hog yards, and value of straw used as litter It is extremely gratifying to the public, that the manafacturers have sold the whole of the Profit in keeping the swine 1821. Nov. 20 25 1822. Feb. CREDIT. $57 50 20 14 The food cationed in this statement, was all that was consumed by the hogs; no vegetables were given to them, and being confined in yards they had no opportunity to obtain other food for themselves. Had vegetables been used, I am satisfied that the expense would have been diminished, and the quantity of manure much encreased, consequently the profit in keeping them I would have been greater. Much manure of a good quality may be made by the assistance of swine in furnishing them from time to time with weeds and other vegetables of no value; the giving them to hogs to consume and to be made into manure, would occasion but little trouble and the expense would be very small. This might be done at a leisure moment, and the advantage to the land in clearing it from weeds, would be a full compensation for all trouble and expense.That the value of the manure made by a hog supplied with suitable materials and properly kept at work, is greater than that of the grain necessary to fatten him, I have no doubt. I believe 157 12 that the profit on this kind of stock, might under other circumstances have been greater than in this instance. The hogs, with which this account commences, were inferior of their kind, certainly below mediocrity; the aggregate of the 8 when fatted being only 1876lbs. which is less than 6 good hogs should have weighed. Notwithstanding this, I think that Mr. Porter has realized a greater profit than he has credited.-The grain he has charged at a high market price, and not at his own door, but in the centre of the town; and to have effected a sale at the prices quoted, he must have conveyed it to market, at as much trouble and expense as to convey it to mill for grinding for his hogs; therefore that part of the charge might have been omitted, but as he was desirous of ascertaining what would have been the expense provided he purchased all the grain they consumed, perhaps this expense is properly set down. The wash from the house is estimated at a high price; he keeps a dairy of C cows, but the hogs have no benefit from it, excepting the butter milk and whey, and his family is not large. The mud carted into the hog-yards 150 34 was from the opening of ditches, which he was obliged to remove from the land, and could as easily be placed in his hog yards as elsewhere.The valuation of the hogs on hand at the expiration of the year is certainly not extravagant, and they might reaily be sold at the price at which they were appraised. The valuation of the manure is reasonable. The hogs I saw several times during the year, they were kept in good condition. It is to be observed, that it was not the intention of Mr. Porter in keeping this account to lay it before the public; it was done for his own informa$327 344 tion, he therefore could have no inducement to attempt to deceive himself, and I have not been $248 62 $327 34 killed 3 hogs wt. 842lbs. a 51 $46 31 27 killed 3 shotes wt. 461lbs. a 6 salt, they are limited to make this year, to 51 171 27 66 18 72 105 Sir-Having noticed in your paper a few weeks I have not been able to learn that there is any able to discover either by my own observation, or since an account of the profit in keeping swine, I thing peculiar in Mr. Porter's manner of feeding by enquiries of his more immediate neighbors, requested Mr. Rufus Porter, of this town, to fur-swine. The grain was all of it ground into meal, that any deception has been used. Above all, nish me with the result of an experiment made the swill was made by putting 24 bushels meal he is of too respectable a character to be willing, by him the last year, for the purpose of ascer-to 100 gallons of water and permitted to stand un-knowingly, to offer delusive representations. taining the actual expense in keeping swine, and til fully fermented, being frequently stirred.On the facts contained in this statement every how far they would be profitable to those who When fatting his hogs, the quantity of meal was farmer can make his own comments; from me any should keep a greater number than sufficient to encreased to 4 and 5 bush Is; he continued to sour would be unnecessary. consume merely the waste of the house. He was the swill in the autumn until the weather became so obliging as to exhibit to me his book on which so cold as to freeze it, he is now about preparing the grain is charged at the several times at which an apartment which will be sufficiently warm to it was carried to mill to grinding; and at the enable him to make use of fermented swili duhighest market prices in place. As the sever-ring the winter months. N. B. I should have mentioned that the meal al items would make the statement somewhat te-jsaving in grain in using fermented, in preter-given to the hogs by Mr. Porter, was not scalded, FOR THE AMERICAN FARMER. THE ECONOMICAL HYDROSTATIC LIFT. as occasion shall require. ΟΥ with admit a And because the said de he not then having a convenient place for doing it, and let the respective ends of the section and of the intermediate space, in this respect, being but it is wise to scald the meal before making trunks, be constructed of the same size, and so too limited, the ascent and descent of the Boats it into swill, in all cases where it is practicable, fitted and adjusted that whenever they shall be and their cargoes, must, necessarily be retarded as more profitable; it causes it to fermeut sooner, brought into contact, and forced together by in proportion, and may, possibly, be rendered and is believed to yield more nourishment. means of clamps, or otherwise, little or no wa- so slow, as to occasion great detention. The ter will be suffered to escape. In determining proper allowance, however, will require to be the ground plan, these trunks are to be located determined by actual experiment, at least upon in the most eligible situation, and at the requir-a small scale. Until this shall be done, perhaps ed distance, from each other, for the moveable the distance of eighteen inches or two feet all section to be alternately connected, with either, round, would be deserving of a trial. as occasion shall require. A Desideratum of superior importance in Inland Under a due consideration of the foregoing Navigation; being a very convenient and ex-in consequence of the air-chest and moveable sec- the natural tendency of the air-chest, will be, Any inconvenience that might otherwise occur premises, it must be conclusively evident that expeditious operation, so arranged, upon ation deviating from their perpendicular situation to continue to float, either partly above, or, at new plan, that an uninterrupted succession of ascending and descending boats, other may be obviated by means of four suitable iron, least at the surface of the water, as long as the craft, with their cargoes on board may, or other projections, being made fast to the quantity of the fluid which it displaces shall be the utmost facility and safety, be floated over corners of the former, and four others to the specifically heavier than the weight of its own any common summit-level, or incidental impecorners of the latter, at right angles respective-pressure, into the water, added to the weight diment in the Route, to which only a small their outward ends, that shall be adapted to slide derating portion of weight only be added to ly with their sides, having notches provided in of its incumbent appendages. But let a preponportion of water, can be constantly brought ; very little more than will be required merely upon four iron or other guides, attached, in the the said incumbent weight, so that the displaced to restore the unavoidable waste, daily result - required position, to upright posts of wood, ex- quantity of the fluid shall be specifically lighting from evaporation and absorption; in con- of the Lift. Any premature ascent, or descent water, and it will then follow with equal certaintending from the bottom of the well, to the top er than the pressure of the said weight into the sequence of the same supply being retained, in of the air-chest, and moveable section, after they ty that the air-chest will necessarily descend, such a manner, that it will always be ready, shall have attained their highest or lowest posi-together with the moveable section, to their and may be used over and over again, as often tion, may also be prevented by the application lowest situation. The plan here proposed is considered as being fastenings, as may be deemed the most conveni-ting weight being added for the very purpose of of such clicks, springs, or other appropriate scent was produced, merely, by a preponderasusceptible of a very general and advantageous ent for that purpose. And in the event of the producing that effect; it can only be necessary application, comprehending all the practicable varieties of purposes and situations incident to air-chest being so constructed, as to be liable to to take away the preponderating weight so adInland Navigation of every description, wheresmall portion of leakage, a suita-ded, to cause the air-chest, immediately, to rever the object shall be, to introduce, improve, or which the water shall, from time to time, be col - means, they will both regain ther former situ ble cavity may be provided in the bottom, into ascend with the moveable Section, by which extend any water communication, by means of interposing one or more Lifts, between two or it can readily be so far exhausted, that the resilected to such a depth, that by means of a pump, ation. more levels or sections of the contemplated Route. due shall not be productive of any material dis-ble section may be made to descend and ascend, Thus it appears that the air-chest and moveaIt may, for example, be carried into effectual operation, in the manner represented in the the former in the well and the latter between following, The magnitude of the air-chest must be the upper and lower trunks, at pleasure, mereadapted to the heaviest tonnage that may ly, by a small preponderating addition to, or dereasonably be expected to be the subject of duction from the weight incumbent upon the its operation. Should it be concluded, for exam-air-chest; after the original weight shall have ple, that it would not be necessary to provide been previously adjusted to the capacity of the for a greater weight than 30 tons, an experiment- said chest. Hence the following may be adoptal calculation might be thus assumed: It is un-ed as, derstood, that the weight of a cubic foot of water, is about 624 pounds; but to make a competent allowance for leakage, in case it should occur, Admit the moveable section to have been elelet only 56 pounds, that is half a hundred, be es-vated to its upper situation, and the safety fastimated as the weight of that proportion of a cu-tenings to have been applied; also the quantity bic foot that may, in this instance, with certain-of water to have been adjusted to the capacity of ty be applied. Agreeably to these premises the the air chest and the moveable section, to have been number of cubic feet in the capacity of the air-connected with the upper trunk. Then, in the chest would require to be equal to the number event of there being a descending Boat in the In a rectangular well, A, of sufficient length, of half hundreds in 30 tons; that is 1200: ad- upper level-let the two gates leading into the breadth and depth, let an air chest, B, of the re-mit, then, that 50 feet long, 8 wide, and 3 deep, moveable section be opened and the Boat proquired magnitude be so immersed in water as to were assumed for the dimensions in question; 8 pelled forward into the said section. As the be near the bottom when it is lowest and under times 50 are 400; and 3 times 400 are 1200 cu-Boat advances, whether it be empty or loaded, or the surface when in its highest situation. By bic feet, which exactly corresponds with the the cargo heavy or light, an equal weight of suitable posts or pillars, DD, of iron or wood let a number of half hundreds in the tonnage proposed. water, pound for pound, will be displaced and moveable section of canal, or water Route, C, be Had the weight of 40 tons been assumed, instead caused to flow backward, out of the moveable secsecurely supported in a perpendicular situation of 30, the depth of 4 instead of 3 feet, would tion, through the open gates into the upper caover the above mentioned air-chest, at whatever have been the result, admitting the 50 feet long, nal or level of the route, then shut the said height shall be necessary, to correspond with the and 8 wide to have remained the same. gates, and after the fastenings of the moveheight of the intended Lift. This moveable sec- To the size of the air-chest, both the size of able section shall be made loose, let the boattion is to be constructed of wood; open at both the well and the size of the moveable section will men step on board. They will then be the preends; but as near each end as will be conveni-[require to be adapted. It is evident that the ponderating weight, which, in the event of its ent in practice, a gate is to be closely fitted, to length and breadth necessary for the latter, being sufficient, will immediately cause the airbe made in such form or manner, and of such must be sufficient for it to receive the Boats or chest to descend, in the well, to its lowest situmaterial or materials, as upon trial shall be whatever else was intended to pass through it. ation, by which means the moveable section will found to be the most effectual in preventing Its depth must be so adjusted, that it may con-be brought to co-incide with the lower Trunk, leakage, and in promoting their being opened and tain a quantity of water sufficient to form an equi- where it is to be secured with the safety fastenshut with the greatest facility.librium with the air-chest; or even to prepon-ings, and connected with the said lower Trunk. Description and Specification: E C D D B advantage. The manner of Operation: Let, both the lower extremity of the upper derate, and cause both to descend to their low- Then if the gates leading out of one end of the level, E, supported by pillars as at, F, and the est situation. In determining the size of the movable section, be opened, and the Boat propelled upper extremity of the lower level, G, at the well it will be necessary that its inside dimen-forward; as it advances into the lower level, an place of the proposed Lift, be made to ter-sions, shall so far exceed the outside dimensions equal weight of water will be displaced there, minate in a trunk of wood; let each extre-of the air-chest, that the space between them, and made to flow back into the moveable sec mity be furnished, also, with a gate similar to shall be sufficient to admit the water to flow tion; provided it shall be prevented from runthe gates in the ends of the moveable section; freely through it; otherwise, in the event ning ahead by introducing a gate a little forward |