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Mr. ANDERSEN. Thank you, Mr. Roberts. We will insert these pages in the record at this point.

(The material referred to is as follows:)

Control, eradication, and prevention of foot-and-mouth disease in Mexico-Obligations and funds provided as of Dec. 31, 1952

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1 Gross receipts are reflected herein as applications in the fiscal year in which the sales contracts were executed. 1952 amounts represent sales and adjustments of sales applicable to prior year's contracts.

STATUS OF DISEASE IN CANADA

Now, what is the situation in Canada, Dr. Simms?

Dr. SIMMS. Canada has been declared free of foot-and-mouth disease, and there is no longer any quarantine in Canada for cattle. In Canada they had infection on only about 25 or 30 premises. All of the animals on those premises were killed and buried. The premises were cleaned and disinfected. Then test animals were placed on them. The last infected animals were found in April of last year.

Mr. ANDERSEN. When do you anticipate opening up the border? Dr. SIMMS. It's already opened. It was opened March 1.

MEXICAN CONTRIBUTION TO COST OF CONTROL PROGRAM

Mr. HUNTER. Is it possible, Doctor, to estimate the amount of money that the Mexican Government spent during the same period of time for the eradication of foot-and-mouth disease? You mentioned the total spent by the United States since 1947, and I wondered. whether it would be possible to estimate the amount of money spent by Mexico.

Dr. SIMMS. I think it would be very difficult to estimate the cost to the Mexican Government. They assigned soldiers to this work. They had soldiers in the Army anyway and they assigned them for quarantine officers. In every discussion we had they would charge these soldiers up at a fairly big price.

We can get the figures as to the amount of cash that they put in there.

Mr. HUNTER. Would it be in terms of effort, or manpower, manhours?

Dr. SIMMS. The amount of cash wouldn't represent anything like all of the Mexican expenditures, and it would really not put them in as favorable a light as they should occupy.

METHOD OF FISCAL ACCOUNTABILITY FOR FUTURE CONTROL PROGRAM

Mr. ANDERSEN. Mr. Roberts, is it necessary to continue to carry this appropriation item relative to foot-and-mouth disease?

Mr. ROBERTS. We contemplate, Mr. Chairman, that at the end of the current fiscal year there will be no further foreseeable need to use this appropriation for advances on the foot-and-mouth disease program. Any costs incident to the foot-and-mouth disease, after July 1, will be small, and in case we keep a man or two down there, they will be paid from the regular BAI appropriation.

There will be in the appropriation estimates for the fiscal year 1955, however, a sum to repay CCC for advances made during the current fiscal year.

Mr. HORAN. That would be a capital investment repayment?

Mr. ROBERTS. It might be through cancellation notes as it has been in past years.

Mr. ANDERSEN. Might we drop this language that appears on page 230 of the committee print then?

Mr. ROBERTS. If you are referring to the transfer authority, Mr. Andersen, it would not be desirable to do so. That is considered to be a more or less continuing emergency authority, in case an outbreak of any of the diseases of that character occur. That is the authority

we used to transfer funds for the VE disease this year. It is also the authority we used to make a small transfer for the eradication of scrapie disease in California last fall.

USE OF FILMS AND MOTION PICTURES

Mr. ANDERSEN. What work, Doctor, have you done in your organization relative to films and motion pictures?

Dr. SIMMS. We do some work with motion pictures, in connection with depicting progress that we are making in this, or the other fields of the Bureau. For instance, we have a film that has been very widely distributed, and incidentally, we won an international prize with it, called The Triple Threat. It is a picture on brucellosis in livestock. It has been used very widely in our brucellosis eradication program.

We have another picture on foot-and-mouth disease, termed "Outbreak."

We have one underway now on ticks in cattle, and we are making one on tuberculosis in poultry.

Mr. ANDERSEN. Now how are these films utilized?

Dr. SIMMS. These films are distributed both through the Washington office and the State offices; the State extension services in each State have a copy of this film. So, for instance, if somebody in Tennessee or Idaho wants a film, they can write their State.

Mr. ANDERSEN. There will be a general fund of knowledge available through this means?

Dr. SIMMS. They are available to anybody and everybody who wants them. They go out mainly through extension agents and through livestock organizations.

STATUTORY AUTHORITY

Mr. ANDERSEN. Doctor, we will want placed in the record at this point your statutory authority for the various divisions of your work. And in each case indicate whether it's mandatory or permissible. Dr. SIMMS. Yes, sir.

(The information requested follows:)

STATUTORY AUTHORITIES BY ACTIVITIES FOR WORK OF THE BUREAU OF ANIMAL

INDUSTRY

APPROPRIATED FUNDS

Salaries and Expenses; Eradication of Foot-and-Mouth Disease and Other Contagious Diseases of Ánimals and Poultry; and Research Facilities.

RESEARCH-PERMISSIVE LEGISLATION

Acts of May 15, 1862, and February 9, 1889, establishing Department of Agriculture and authorizing experimental work.

Act of May 29, 1884, establishing the Bureau of Animal Industry and authorizing investigation of communicable diseases of domestic animals and live poultry and inquiry into means of their prevention and cure. Amended by act of April 24, 1948, authorizing establishment of facilities for research on foot-andmouth and other diseases and forbidding experimentation with the live virus of foot-and-mouth disease on the mainland of the United States except in case of an outbreak of the disease in this country.

Act of June 29, 1935, as amended by the Research and Marketing Act of 1946, providing for research into laws and principles underlying basic problems of agriculture.

Act of April 30, 1946, transferring research on domestically raised fur-bearing animals to the Secretary of Agriculture and classing them as domestic animals. Act of February 28, 1947, authorizing research laboratories necessary to carry out cooperatively the eradication of foot-and-mouth disease in Mexico.

Act of June 16, 1948, providing for increased research relating to eradication of cattle grubs.

ANIMAL DISEASE CONTROL AND ERADICATION

Field control and eradication activities are permissive. Import, export, public stockyards, 28-hour law, and virus-serum control activities are mandatory. Acts of May 29, 1884, August 30, 1890, February 2, 1903, and March 3, 1905, as amended, authorizing control and eradication of animal diseases, and prohibiting importation, exportation, or interstate shipments of diseased animals, authorizing quarantines, etc.

Act of March 3, 1891, as amended, to provide for safe transportation and humane treatment of export livestock.

Act of June 29, 1906 (28-hour law), to prevent cruelty to animals while in transit. Act of May 26, 1910, to permit erection of fences along international boundary lines to keep out diseased animals.

Act of March 4, 1913, to regulate the preparation, sale, barter, exchange, or shipment of any virus, serum, toxin, or analogous product manufactured in the United States and the importation of such products intended for use in treatment of domestic animals.

Tariff act of 1930:

Section 306, prohibiting importation of domestic ruminants and swine or fresh chilled or frozen meat therefrom from countries where foot-andmouth disease or rinderpest exists.

Section 201, paragraph 1606, providing for free entry of purebred animals imported for breeding purposes.

Act of August 24, 1935 (secs. 56-60), for maintenance of adequate supply of hog cholera virus and anti-hog-cholera serum by regulating marketing in interstate or foreign commerce and to prevent undue and excessive fluctuations, unfair methods of competition, and unfair trade practices in such marketing.

Act of September 21, 1944, as amended, authorizing cooperation with States for improvement of poultry, etc. This work is carried out under the national poultry and turkey improvement plans.

Act of April 30, 1946, classing domestically raised fur animals as domestic animals and transferring activities to Department of Agriculture.

Act of February 28, 1947, providing for cooperation with Mexico in control and eradication of foot-and-mouth disease and rinderpest.

Act of June 16, 1948, providing for eradication of cattle grubs.

MEAT INSPECTION-MANDATORY LEGISLATION

Act of March 4, 1907, as amended.

TRUST FUNDS-PERMISSIVE LEGISLATION

Title II of the Research and Marketing Act of 1946. Inspection and certification of animal foods upon application of interested party.

Act of August 30, 1890. Feed and attendants for animals held in quarantine (in use at Federal quarantine station at Clifton, N. J.).

RESPONSIBILITY FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC WORK

Mr. HUNTER. Who does your photography? Do you have your own photographer in the Bureau, or is there a Department photographer?

Dr. SIMMS. In some instances we have done a small amount of the work ourselves. As a matter of fact, I have done a few motion pictures myself. They are very easily distinguishable, however, from those made by the professionals.

But there is a Motion Picture Division in the Department of Agriculture, rather than each Bureau having a motion-picture staff of its

own.

However, as I said, in some instances where a man is in the field and is an amateur photographer, he takes along a camera and does a little bit himself.

Mr. ROBERTS. There is also a central photograhic laboratory, Mr. Hunter, that serves all of the Bureaus of the Department.

Dr. SIMMS. Yes; all of the really serious work is done in this central laboratory.

Mr. Hunter. We have had difficulty where the photographer knows nothing about the subject matter, and then again, the party that knows something about the subject matter knows nothing about photography.

Dr. SIMMS. Yes; that's always a problem, where the photographer knows nothing about what you are trying to depict, and he is interested more about good composition than showing the disease.

Mr. BUTLER. We do have one photographer we share with the Bureau of Dairy Industry. He takes stills needed in day-to-day use and activities.

NEED FOR DISTRIBUTION OF RESEARCH INFORMATION

Mr. WHITTEN. I am glad you brought out these statements about these services. One of the things that has been hard to get over to the Congress and the public since I have been on this committee is what the informational services of the Department are and do. Frequently in times past there have been attacks meant to be directed at press releases by employees of the Department which got into the field of political controversy. Those not knowing the difference tried to include all information services. As a result of that we have frequently had a lot of unwarranted attacks on distribution of the results of research and every other kind of knowledge in the Department.

I wish we could come up with terms which would distinguish one of them from the other, in the press and elsewhere. Certainly I don't want to see any restriction on the use of motion pictures and other things which get this story over so much better than we were able to do it. Of course, we have to show some reasonable attention to cost, and they have been very, very reasonable, judging by all standards. I just mention that because as we go along we must make an effort to get the benefits of this great Department out as cheaply as we can and as effectively as we can. Now, in doing that, we do not have any objection to them cutting out a lot of other things, which is really what they have been after.

Mr. ANDERSEN. As you have said so often in this subcommittee, Mr. Whitten, unless we make research available to the people who can make use of it, there is no use appropriating millions of dollars yearly in the Department of Agriculture for such research. But, at the same time, we must prevent giving out information about research which might be classified as political.

We have had a very interesting discussion, gentlemen, and thank you very much.

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