Roma in an Expanding Europe: Breaking the Poverty Cycle

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World Bank Publications, 2005 - 237 pagini
Roma are the largest minority group in Europe and are the major poverty risk group in Central and Eastern Europe. Poverty rates from recent World Bank poverty studies are striking. In Bulgaria, Roma were found to be ten times more likely to be poor than ethnic Bulgarians. Roma also comprise an increasing share of the population in ECA countries, because of higher birth rates. These dynamics have gained international attention, and the European Union accession process, in particular, has focused attention on the issue. Governments and international institutions have been eager to support initiatives to address the needs of Roma. However, the lack of credible information on the actual living conditions of Roma and the absence of program evaluations have provided substantial obstacles. This book brings together original sociological research, evaluations of programs, and the first comparative cross-country household survey on ethnicity and poverty. It finds that Roma poverty is multi-faceted and can only be addressed by a comprehensive policy approach that attends to all dimensions of Roma social exclusion. It proposes an inclusive policy approach which would expand and promote Roma involvement and participation in mainstream society, while maintaining cultural and social identity and autonomy. Policy mechanisms include those which make existing policies more accessible to Roma and identifying areas where targeted initiatives are needed.
 

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Pagina 203 - The enjoyment of the rights and freedoms set forth in this Convention shall be secured without discrimination on any ground such as sex, race, colour, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, association with a national minority, property, birth or other status.
Pagina 20 - Membership requires that the candidate country has achieved stability of institutions guaranteeing democracy, the rule of law, human rights and respect for and protection of minorities, the existence of a functioning market economy as well as the capacity to cope with competitive pressure and market forces within the Union. Membership presupposes the candidate's ability to take on the obligations of membership including adherence to the aims of political, economic and monetary union.
Pagina 21 - The Community shall contribute to the flowering of the cultures of the Member States, while respecting their national and regional diversity and at the same time bringing the common cultural heritage to the fore.
Pagina 204 - States of the Council of Europe recognising the special needs of minorities and an obligation to protect their security, identity and lifestyle (...), not only for the purpose of safeguarding the interests of the minorities themselves but to preserve a cultural diversity of value to the whole community.
Pagina xi - OMC Open Method of Coordination OSCE Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe OSI Open Society Institute PER Project on Ethnic Relations PPP Purchasing power parity RCRC Roma Communities Resource Center (Romania) Sf.
Pagina 19 - Empowerment is the expansion of assets and capabilities of poor people to participate in, negotiate with, influence, control, and hold accountable institutions that affect their lives.
Pagina xvi - Estonia, international organizations such as the Council of Europe and the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) found no evidence to justify such claims.
Pagina 21 - The framework Convention is the first legally binding multilateral instrument devoted to the protection of national minorities in general.
Pagina 201 - ... that emphasized work and reduced benefit eligibility, and major policy changes that increased the returns to work and the subsidies to support work, particularly among...
Pagina 72 - ... While unemployment in the Bratislava region was less than 4 percent, it was over 20 percent in the Eastern Slovakian regions of Kosice and Presov (rising as high as 50 percent in certain parts of these regions). Even though official unemployment data by ethnicity are lacking, a 1 997 survey prepared by the Ministry of Labor, Social Affairs and Family estimated that Roma comprised between 17 to 18 percent of the total unemployed in 1996. However, in the eastern region unemployment was as high...

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