Florida.- Camp Lumber Co. v. State Sav. Bk. (1910), 59 Fla. 455, 51 S. E. 543; Williams v. Peninsul Grocery Co. (1917), 75 So. 517. Illinois. First Nat. Bk. of Chadwick v. Mackey (1910), 157 Ill. App. 408; Burr v. Beckler (1914), 106 N. E. 206, 264 Ill. 230; Trego v. Cunningham Est. (1915), 108 N. E. 350, 267 Ill. 367. Iowa.- Irwin v. Deming (1909), 142 Iowa, 299, 120 N. W. 645; Roy v. Duff (1915), 152 N. W. 606; Young v. Hayes (1917), 165 N. W. Missouri. Sublette v. Brewington (1909), 139 Mo. App. 410, 122 S. W. 1150; Scotland Co. Nat. Bk. v. Hohn (1910), 146 Mo. App. 699, 125 S. W. 539; Cantrell v. Davidson (1914), 168 S. W. 271; Chandler v. Hedrick (1915), 173 S. W. 93; Miners & Merch. Bank v. St. Louis Smelting & Refining Co. (1915), 178 S. W. 211; Am. Union Tr. Co. v. Never Break Range Co. (1917), 190 S. W. 1045; Davis v. McColl (1916), 184 S. W. 920. Montana.- Case Medicine Co. v. Simpson (1918), 170 Pac. 12. Nebraska.- Nat. Bk. of Commerce v. Farmers & Merchants Bk. (1910), 87 Neb. 841; Aurora State Bk. v. Hayes-Eames Elevator Co. (1911), 88 Neb. 187. New Mexico.-Hill v. Hart (1917), 167 Pac. 710. New York.- Schlesinger v. Kurzvok (1905), 94 N. Y. Supp. 442, 47 Misc. 634; Rogers v. Morton (1905), V. 46 Misc. 494, 95 N. Y. Supp. 49; Seaboard Nat. Bk. v. Bk. of America (1908), 193 N. Y. 26, 85 N. E. 829; Manufacturer's Commercial Co. v. Blitz (1909), 131 A. D. 17, 115 N. Y. Supp. 402; Smith Dixon (1912), 150 A. D. 571; Barkley v. Muller (1914), 149 N. Y. Supp. 620, 164 A. D. 351; Sabine v. Paine (1915), 151 N. Y. Supp. 735; Wolfin v. Security Bk. of N. Y. (1915), 156 N. Y. Supp. 474; Dalrymple v. Schwartz (1917), 164 N. Y. Supp. 496. North Carolina.- Steinhilper v. Basinght (1910), 153 N. Car. 293, 69 S. E. 222; Meyers v. Petty (1910), 153 N. Car. 462; Woods v. Finley (1910), 153 N. Car. 497, 69 S. E. 502; Elgin City Banking Co. v. McEacheon (1913), 79 S. E. 680. North Dakota.-Nat. Bk. of Commerce v. Pick (1904), 13 N. Dak. 74, 99 N. W. 63; Viets v. Silver (1905), 15 N. Dak. 51, 106 N. W. 35. Ohio.-Thompson v. Citizens Nat. Bk. of Adams, N. Y. (1909), 32 O. C. 131. Pennsylvania.-Flanders v. Snare (1908), 37 Pa. Super. Ct. 28; Dominion Trust Co. v. Hildner (1914), 90 Atl. 69; Lincoln Nat. Bk. of Pittsburg v. Miller (1917), 100 Atl. 269, 255 Pac. 467; Johnston Knipe (1918), 103 Atl. 957. V. South Dakota.- Piper v. Hagen (1914), 146 N. W. 692. Wyoming.- Capitol Hill St. Bk. v. Rawlins Nat. Bk. (1916), 160 Pac. 1171. United States.- McKee V. District Nat. Bk. (1912), 38 A. C. (D. C.) 465. Section 31. The indorsement must be written on the instrument itself or upon a paper attached thereto. The signature of the indorser, without additional words, is a sufficient indorsement. curity Co. v. Main St. Pharmacy (1917), 94 S. E. 208. Ohio. Thompson v. Citizens Nat. Bk. of Adams, N. Y. (1909), 32 0. C. 131. Kincaid Oklahoma.- Howard v. (1916), 156 Pac. 628; Mangold & Glandt Bask v. Utterback (1916), 160 Pac. 713; Met. Discount Co. v. Davis (1918), 170 Pac. 707. Oregon. First Nat. Bk. of Pomeroy v. McCullough (1908), 50 Oreg. 508, 93 Pac. 366. Pennsylvania.-Flanders v. Snare (1908), 37 Pa. Super. Ct. 28. Virginia. Colona V. Parksley Nat. Bk. (1917), 92 S. E. 979. United States. Wolf v. Am. Tr. & Sav. Bk. (1914), 214 Fed. 761 (C. C. A., 7th Ct.). Section 32. The indorsement must be an indorsement of the entire instrument. An indorsement which purports to transfer to the indorsee a part only of the amount payable, or which purports to transfer the instrument to two or more indorsees severally, does not operate as a negotiation of the instrument. But where the instrument has been paid in part, it may be indorsed as to the residue. Kansas.--Offenstein v. Waygandt (1913), 89 Kans. 739, 132 Pac. 991. New York.- Barkley v. Muller (1914), 149 N. Y. Supp. 620, 164 A. D. 351. Tennessee. Ahrens & Ott Co. v. Moore & Sons (1915), 174 S. W. 270. Section 33. An indorsement may be either special or in blank; and it may also be either restrictive or qualified, or conditional. Kentucky.- Goolrick v. Wallace (1913), 157 S. W. 920. Missouri. Miller v. People's Sav. Bk. (1916), 186 S. W. 547. New York. Standard Steam Spec. Co. v. Corn Exch. Bk. (1917), 116 N. E. 386, 220 N. Y. 478. Section 34. A special indorsement specifies the person to whom, or to whose order, the instrument is to be payable; and the indorsement of such indorsee is necessary to the further negotiation of the instrument. An indorsement in blank specifies no indorsee, and an instrument so indorsed is payable to bearer, and may be negotiated by delivery. Pennsylvania.- Lincoln Nat. Bk. of Fittsburg v. Miller (1917), 100 Atl. 269, 255 Pac. 467. Tennessee. Elgin City Bldg. Co. v. Hall (1907), 119 Tenn. 548, 108 S. W. 1068; First Nat. Bk. of Garner v. Smith (1916), 183 B. W. 862; Kanaman v. Gahagan (1916), 185 S. W. 619. Vermont.- Hale v. Windsor Sav. Bk. (1917), 98 Atl. 993. United States.- Jerman V. Edwards (1907), 29 A. C. (D. C.) 535; Howell v. Commercial Nat. Bk. (1913), 40 A. C. (D. C.) 370. Section 35. The holder may convert a blank indorsement into a special indorsement by writing over the signature of the indorser in blank any contract consistent with the character of the indorsement. Alabama.- Bank of Tallassee v. Jordan (1917), 75 So. 930. California.- Santa Marina Co. v. Cadanian Bk. of Commerce (1919), 254 Fed. 391; In re Jarmulowsky (1918), 249 Fed. 319. Oklahoma. Keisel V. Baldock (1915), 154 Pac. 1194. United States.- Jerman V. Edwards (1907), 29 A. C. (D. C.) 535. Section 36. An indorsement is restrictive, which either: (1) Prohibits the further negotiation of the instrument; or (2) Constitutes the indorsee the agent of the indorser; or (3) Vests the title in the indorsee in trust for or to the use of some other person. But the mere absence of words implying power to negotiate does not make an indorsement restrictive. Alabama.- Haas V. Commerce Trust Co. (1915), 69 So. 894. Arkansas.- Werner Piano Co. v. Henderson & Reese (1915), 180 S. W. 495. Connecticut.— Lippitt v. Thames Loan & Trust Co. (1914), 90 A. 369. Missouri.- Citizens Trust Co. v. Ward (1916), 190 S. W. 364. Nebraska.- Antelope Co. Bk. v. Wright (1912), 90 Neb. 621, 134 N. W. 1123; Nat. Bk. of Commerce v. Bossemeyer (1917), 162 N. W. 503. New York. Standard Steam Spec. Co. v. Corn Exch. Bk. (1917), 116 S. E. 386, 220 N. Y. 478. North Carolina.- Murchison Nat. Bk. v. Dunn Oil Mills Co. (1909), 150 N. Car. 718, 64 S. E. 885. North Dakota.- Smith v. Show (1907), 16 N. Dak. 306, 112 N. W. 1062. Section 37. A restrictive indorsement confers upon the indorsee the right: (1) To receive payment of the instrument; (2) To bring any action thereon that the indorser could bring: (3) To transfer his rights as such indorsee, where the form of the indorsement authorizes him to do so. But all subsequent indorsees acquire only the title of the first indorsee under the restrictive indorsement. Nebraska.- Antelope Co. Bk. v. Wright (1912), 90 Neb. 621, 134 N. W. 1123. New York.- Baruch v. Buckley (1915), 151 N. Y. Supp. 853. North Carolina.- Murchison Nat. Bk. v. Dunn Oil Mills Co. (1909), 150 N. Car. 718, 64 S. E. 885. Oregon. Smith v. Bayer (1905), 58 Oreg. 578, 79 Pac. 497, 114 Am. St. 858. Washington.- Metzger v. Sigall (1914), 145 Pac. 72. United States.- Jerman v. Edwards (1907), 29 A. C. (D. C.) 535; McKee v. District Nat. Bk. (1912), 38 A. C. (D. C.)465. Section 38. A qualified indorsement constitutes the indorser a mere assignor of the title to the instrument. It may be made by adding to the indorser's signature the words "without recourse or any words of similar import. Such an indorsement does not impair the negotiable character of the instrument. Alabama.- People's Bank of Mobile v. Moore (1918), 78 So. 789. Arkansas.- Morehead V. Harris (1916), 182 S. W. 521. California. Hammond Lumber Co. v. Kearsley (1918), 172 Pac. 404. Indiana.- Colvert v. Harrington (1916), 112 N. E. 249. - Louisiana.- Puckett v. Fox Grocer Co. (1910), 127 La. 151, 53 So. 475. Massachusetts.- Aronson v. Nurenburg (1914), 105 N. E. 1056. Michigan.- Gale V. Mayhew (1910), 161 Mich. 96, 125 N. W. 781; Schmidt v. Pegg (1912), 172 Mich. 159, 137 N. W. 524. Minnesota.- Slimmer v. St. Bk. of Halstad (1916), 159 N. W. 795. North Carolina.- Evans v. Freeman (1906), 142 N. Car. 61, 54 S. E. 847; Bk. of Sampson v. Hatcher (1909), 151 N. Car. 359, 63 S. E. 308; Merchants Nat. Bk. of Indian Section 39. Where an indorsement is conditional, a party required to pay the instrument may disregard the condition, and make payment to the indorsee or his transferee, whether the condition has been fulfilled or not. But any person to whom an instrument so indorsed is negotiated, will hold the same, or the proceeds thereof, subject to the rights of the person indorsing conditionally. Alabama.- Bank of Tallassee v. Florida. Williams v. Peninsula Pac. 905. New York.- Pinto v. Pulidora (1917), 162 N. Y. Supp. 736. North Dakota.- Smith v. Bradley (1907), 16 N. Dak. 306, 112 N. W. 1062. South Dakota.- Holbart v. Lauritson (1914), 148 N. W. 19. Tennessee.-Cohn v. Lunn (1916), 182 S. W. 584. Utah. Farmers & Stock Growers' Bank v. Palivant Valley Land Co. (1917), 165 Pac. 462. Section 40. Where an instrument, payable to bearer, is indorsed specially, it may nevertheless be further negotiated by delivery; |