TITLE I. NEGOTIABLE INSTRUMENTS IN GENERAL. ARTICLE I. FORM AND INTERPRETATION. Section 1. An instrument to be negotiable must conform to the following requirements: (1) It must be in writing and signed by the maker or drawer; (2) Must contain an unconditional promise or order to pay sum certain in money; (3) Must be payable on demand, or at a fixed or determinable future time; (4) Must be payable to order or to bearer; and (5) Where the instrument is addressed to a drawee, he must be named or otherwise indicated therein with reasonable certainty. Alabama.- Ex parte Bledsoe (1913), 61 So. 813; Sherrill V. Merch. and Mech. Tr. and Sav. Bk. (1916), 70 So. 723; Oneonta Trust and Banking Co. v. Box (1917), 73 So. 759; Johnson V. Blackman (1918), 78 So. 891. Arizona.- Slaughter V. Bk. of Bisbee (1916), 154 Pac. 1040. Arkansas. Morgan V. Center (1918), 202 S. W. 235. California.- Navajo Co. Bk. v. Dolson (1912), 126 Pac. 153; Wetzel v Cole (1917), 165 Pac. 692; Chinn v. Penn (1919), 175 Pac. 687. Colorado. Norman v. McCarthy (1913), 138 Pac. 28; Ayers V. Walker (1913), 54 Col. 571; Johnson v. Engstone (1916), 155 Pac. 1095; Florence Oil and Refining Co. v. Hiawatha Gas, Oil and Refining Co. (1913), 55 Col. App. 378. Connecticut. Nat. Sav. Bk. V. Cable (1901), 73 Conn. 568, 48 Atl. 428; St Paul's Episcopal Church v. Fields (1909), 81 Conn. 670, 72 Atl. 145. Florida. Gamble V. Malsby (1914), 64 So. 437. Idaho.- Kimpton v. Studebaker Bros. Co. (1908), 14 Ida. 552, 94 Pac. 1039; Union Stock Yards Nat Bk. v. Bolan (1908), 14 Ida 87. 93 Pac. 508; Home Land Co. v Os born (1910), 19 Ida. 75, 112 Pac 764.. Illinois. Stitzel v. Miller (1910). 157 Ill. App. 390; Peterson v Emery (1910). 154 Ill. App. 294; Bertolet v. Stomer (1911), 164 Ill App 605; Laumn v. Harrington (1915), 107 N. E 826, 267 III 57 Indiana 112 N. E. Essig v. Porter (1916), 1005; Bingham v. New Town Bank (1918), 118 N. E. 318; Kentucky. Weltlaufer v. Baxter (1910), 137 Ky 326, 125 S. W 741 Louisiana -Continental Bank and Trust Co v Times Pub. Co. (1917). V Rabeto 76 So. Donart 612, (1917), 76 So. 166 Maryland. Vandeford -- V Farm ers and Mech's Nat Bk. of West minster, 105 Md 164, 66 Atl 47; Harper v Davis (1911), 115 Md 349. 80 Ati 1012; First Denton Nati Bk V Kenney (1911), 116 Md 24, 81 Atl 227. Ab. Shepard v Massachusetts bott (1901), 179 Mass 300, 60 N. E 782; Torpey v. Tebo (1903), 184 Mass. 307, 68 N. E 223; Mass. Nat Bk v Snow (1905), 187 Mass 159. London, 72 N. E 959; Berenson v etc.. Ins Co. (1909), 201 Mass 172. N. E V. Bryne 687; Bryne 87 (1911). 209 Mass. 179; Union Tr Co v. McGinty (1912), 212 Mass Tal205, 98 N. E. 679; Pierce v. Missoun. Sublette V ton (1909), 139 Mo. App 410, 122 S. W 1150; Nelson v. Diffenderffer (1914), 163 S W 271; Hawkins v Wiest (1912), 167 Mo App 439; Val Blatz Brewing Co. v. Interstate Ice & Cold Storage Co (1912), 143 and S. W. 542; Mudd v Farmers Merchants' Bk of Hunnewel) (1914), 162 S W. 314. Wolverton V. Montana.- Cornish v (1905), 32 Mont 456, 81 Pac. 4. Nebraska.- Aurora State Bk Hayes Fames Elevator Co (1911), 88 Neb 187; Fisher v. O'Hanlon, Rowan, Appt. (1913), 93 Neb. 529, 141 N. W. 157; First Nat'l Bk. v. Greenlee (1918), 166 N. W. 559. New Jersey.- Borough of Montvale v. Peoples Bank (1907), 67 Atl. 67 -- New York. Deyo v Thompson (1900), 53 A. D. 9; Izzo v. Luding ton (1903), 79 A. D. 272, 79 N Y Supp 744; Young v. Am. Bk No 82 (1904), 44 Misc. 308, 89 N. Y V. Hanover Supp 915; Waddell Nat. Sav. Bk (1905), 48 Misc. 578, 97 NY Supp. 305; Hibbs v. Brown (1907). 190 N. Y. 167, affirming 112 A D. 214, 82 N E 1108. 98 N. Y. Supp 353; Fulton v. Varney (1907). 117 A. D 572, 102 N Y Supp. 608; Haddock, Blanchard & Co. v. Haddock (1908), 192 N Y 499, 82 N. E 682, 103 N Y Supp. 584; Zander N. Y Security & Tr. Co. (1902), 39 Misc. 98, 78 N. Y. Supp. 900; Tanner's Nat. Bk. v. Lacs (1909), 136 A. D. 92, 120 N. Y. Supp. 669; Wray v. Miller (1910), 120 N. Y. Supp. 787; Eq. Tr. Co. of N. Y. v. Were (1911), 132 N. Y. Supp. 351; Rosenburg v. Schoenwald (1911), 126 N. Y. Supp. 615; Eq. Tr. Co. of N. Y. v. Howe (1911), 129 N. Y. Supp. 112; Czerney v. Hass (1911), 144 A. D. 430; Hilborn v. Penn. Cement Co. (1911), 145 A. D. 442; Ryan v. Sullivan (1911), 143 A. D. 471; Eq. Tr. Co. v. Taylor (1911), 131 N. Y. Supp. 475, 72 Misc. 52; Eq. Tr. Co. of N. Y. v. Newman (1911), 129 N. Y. Supp. 259, 72 Misc. 502; St. Lawrence Co. Nat. Bk. V. Watkins (1912), 135 N. Y. Supp. 461; Owens v. Blackburn (1914), 161 A. D. 827, 146 N. Y. Supp. 966; Merchants Nat. Bk. of St. Paul v. Sante Maria Sugar Co. (1914), 147 N. Y. Supp. 498; Kinsella v. Lockwood (1913), 140 N. Y. Supp. 512; Eq. Tr. Co. of N. Y. v. Harger (1913), 102 N. E. 209; Kerr v. Smith (1913), 156 A. D. 807, 142 N. Y. Supp. 57; Crosby v. Bank of Niagara (1915), 154 N. Y. Supp. 883; Hubbard v. Syemite Trap Rock Co. (1917), 165 N. Y. Supp. 486, 178 A. D. 531; Standard Steam Spec. Co. v. Corn Exch. Bk. (1917), 116 N. E. 386, 220 N. Y. 478; Lazarowitz v. Stafford (1917), 167 N. Y. Supp. 910; Shubert Theat. Co. v. Dalton (1917), 167 N. Y. Supp. 332. North Carolina.- Myers v. Petty (1910), 153 N. Car. 462; Pope & Ballance v. Righter-Parry Lumber Co. (1913), 78 S. E. 65; Newland v. Moore (1917), 92 S. E. 367. North Dakota.- Fleming v. Sherwood (1912), 139 N. W. 101; Stuts man County Bank v. Jones (1917), 162 N. W. 402. Ohio.-Rockfield v. First Nat. Bk. of Springfield (1907), 77 Ohio St. 311, 83 N. E. 392; Miller v. Kyle (1911), 85 Ohio St. 186, 97 N. E. 372. Oklahoma.- Longmont Nat. Bk. v. Loukonen (1912), 127 Pac. 947; Voris v. Anderson (1915), 153 Pac. 291; DeGroat v. Focht (1913), 131 Pac. 172; Iowa State Sav Bk. v. Wigmall (1916), 157 Pac. 725; Lambert v. Harrison (1919), 171 Pac. 45; Westlake v. Cooper (1918), 171 Pac. 859. Oregon.- Hull v. Agnus (1911), 60 Oreg. 95, 118 Pac. 284; Triphonoff v. Sweeney (1913), 130 Pac. 979. Pennsylvania.-Volk v. Shoemaker (1911), 229 Pac. 407. South Carolina.- Folk v. Moore (1916), 88 S. E. 18. South Dakota.- Coleman v. Valentin (1917), 164 N. W. 67. Tennessee. Gilley V. Harrell (1906), 118 Tenn. 115, 101 S. W. 424; First Nat. Bk. of Elgin, III. v. Russell (1911), 139 S. W. 734; Ahrens & Ott Co. v. Moore & Sons (1915), 174 S. W. 270; White v. Hatcher (1916), 188 S. W. 61; Bank of Whitehouse v. White (1917), 191 S. W. 332; Weems V. Neblett (1918), 202 S. W. 930. Utah. Smith v. Brown (1917), 165 Pac. 468. Virginia.- Williams V. Liphart (1914), 81 S. E. 77; Colley v. Summers Parrott Hardware Co. (1916), 89 S. E. 906. Washington.- Nelson v. Spokane Grain Co. (1907), 47 Wash. 85, 91 Pac. 570; Thomson v. Koch (1911), 62 Wash. 438, 113 Pac. 1110; Parker v. Saxton (1911), 66 Wash. 260; Barker v. Sartori (1911), 63 Wash. 260, 119 Pac. 611; First Nat. Bk of Snohomish V. Sullivan (1911), 66 Wash. 375; Quast v. Ruggles (1913), 72 Wash. 609, 131 Pac. 202; Peninsula Nat. Bk. v. Pederson (1916), 158 Pac. 246; Coolidge & McClaine v. Saltmarsh (1917), 165 Pac. 508; Coolidge et al. v. Saltmarsh (1917), 165 Pac. 508. West Virginia. Pomeroy Nat. Bk. v. Huntington Nat. Bk. (1913), 79 S. E. 662; Eskridge v. Thomas (1917), 91 S. E. 7; Thompson v. Curry (1917). 91 S. E. 801. Wisconsin (Section on Municipal Orders and Warehouse Receipts added).--Westberg v. Chicago Lumber Co. (1903), 117 Wis. 589, 94 N. W. 572; Thorpe v. Mindeman (1904), 123 Wis. 149, 101 N. W. 417, 107 Am. St. 1003, 68 L. R. A. 146; Bank of Evansville v. Kurts (1918). 166 N. W. 658. United States.- Forest v. Safety Banking & Tr. Co. (1909), 174 Fed. 345 (E. D. Pa.); Klotz Throwing Co. V. Manufacturers Commercial Co. (1910), 103 C. C. A. 305 (N. Y.), 179 Fed. Rep. 397. Section 2. The sum payable is a sum certain within the meaning of this act, although it is to be paid: (1) With interest; or (2) By stated instalments; or (3) By stated instalments, with a provision that upon default in payment of any instalment or of interest, the whole shall become due; or (4) With exchange, whether at a fixed rate or at the current rate; or (5) With costs of collection or an attorney's fee, in case payment shall not be made at maturity. Alabama. Bledsoe v. City Nat. Bk. of Selma (1912), 7 Ala. App. 195, 60 So. 942; Ex parte Bledsoe (1913). 61 So. 813; Brooks v. Greil Bros. (1915), 68 So. 874. Arizona.- People's Nat. Bk. V. Taylor (1915), 149 Pac. 763. California. Navajo Co. Bk. V. Dolson (1912), 126 Pac. 153; Stoddart v. Goldin (1919), 178 Pac. 707. Colorado.-The Firestone Coal Co. v. McKissick (1913), 24 Colo. App. 294; Florence Oil Refining Co. v. Hiawatha Oil, Gas & Refining Co. (1913), 135 Pac. 454; Florence Oil & Refining Co. v. Hiawatha Gas, Oil & Refining Co. (1913), 55 Colo. App. 378. Florida. Taylor v. Am. Nat. Bk. of Florida (1912), 63 Fla. 631. 57 So. 678; Holder Turpentine Co. v. Kiser Co. (1915), 67 So. 85. Idaho. Union Stock Yards Nat. Bk. v. Bolan (1908), 14 Ida. 87, 93 Pac. 508; Tipton V. Ellsworth (1910), 18 Ida. 134, 109 Pac. 134. Illinois. Graves v. Neeves (1913), 183 Ill. App. 235. V. White Sulphur Lumber Co. (1913), 62 So. 907. Maryland. Chestertown Bk. V. Walker (1908), 163 Fed. 510, 90 C. C. A. 140. Missouri. Bank of Neelyville v Lee (1914), 168 S. W. 796; First Nat. Bk. v. Stam (1914), 171 S. W. 567; American Sav. Bk. v. Sutton (1918), 204 S. W. 572. Montana. Morrison v. Orubaun (1904), 30 Mont. 111, 75 Pac. 953; Cornish V. Wolverton (1905), 32 Mont. 456, 81 Pac. 4. V. New Jersey. Mackintosh Gibbs (1909), 79 N. J. L. 40, 74 Atl. 708. New Mexico.- Williams v. Dockwiler (1914), 145 Pac. 475. North Carolina.- Exchange Bk. v. Appalachian L. & L. Co. (1901), 128 N. Car. 193; Newbern Banking & Trust Co. v. Duffy (1910), 153 N. Car. 62, 68 S. E. 915; Franklin Nat Bk. v. Roberts Bros. (1915), 84 S. E. 706. Ohio. Miller v. Kyle (1911), 85 Ohio St. 186, 97 N. E. 372. Oklahoma.- First Nat. Bk. of Stigler v. Howard (1916), 158 Pac. 927; Seton v. Exchange Bk. (1915). 150 Pac. 1079; Potts v. Crudup (1915), 150 Pac. 170; Tr. & Sav. Bk. of Charles City v. Gleichman (1915), 150 Pac. 908; First Nat. Bk. v. Muskogee Pipe Line Co. (1914), 139 Pac. 1136; City Nat. Bk. v. Kelly (1915), 151 Pac. 1172; Voris v. Anderson (1915), 153 Pac. 291; Union Bank V. Mayfield (1917), 169 Pac. 626. Pennsylvania. Weiskircher V. Connelly (1917), 100 Atl. 965. Texas. Sugg v. Smith (1918), 205 S. W. 363; Drinkard v. Jenkins (1919), 207 S. W. 353. Tennessee. Holstron Nat. Bk. v. Wood (1911), 125 Tenn. 6; First Nat. Bk. of Elgin, Ill. v. Russell (1911), 139 S. W. 734; Merrimon v. Parkey (1917), 191 S. W. 327. Utah. McCormick V. Swem (1909), 36 Utah, 6, 102 Pac. 626; Utah Banking Co. V. Newman (1914), 138 Pac. 1146. Virginia. Oglesby Co. v. Bk. of N. Y. (1913), 114 Va. 663, 19 Va. L. Reg. 122, 77 S. E. 468; Colley v. Summers Parrott Hardware Co. (1916), 89 S. E. 906; Triplett v. Second Nat. Bk. of Culpepper (1917). 92 Va. 897. Washington. Parker v. Saxton (1911), 66 Wash. 260; Barker v. Sartori (1911), 66 Wash. 260, 119 Pac. 611; First Nat. Bk. of Snohomish v. Sullivan (1911), 66 Wash. 375; Puget Sound State Bank v. Wash. Paving Co. (1917), 162 Pac. 870; Davis V. Hibbs (1913), 73 Wash. 315, 131 Pac. 1135; Harris v. Johnson (1913), 134 Pac. 1048; Scandinavian-American Bk. v. Long (1913), 134 Pac. 913; Pease v. Syler (1914), 138 Pac. 310; Balkema v. Giolimund (1916), 159 Pac. 127 West Virginia.- First Nat. Bk. of Pineville v. Sanders (1916), 88 |