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LIST OF AUTHORITIES.

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Adams, J. Q.
Alford, H.
Alger, W. R..

Anderson, R. B.

Azarius, Brother.
Angus, J...

Bagehot, W.
Baring-Gould, S.
Bascom, J...
Bayne, P.
Bayne, P.

Browne, M.

Buckle, H. T.

Burnet, G.

Cairns, J.

Carlyle, T.
Carlyle, T.
Carpenter, S. H..
Chambers, R.
Channing, W. E.

Cocker, B. F.

Clarke, C. C..

Collet, S.

Collier, J. P...

Cook, Joseph

Cooke, G. W.

Cox, G. W..
Craik, G. L..
De Mille, J..

D'Israeli, I..
D'Israeli, I..

Dorner, J. A.....

Drake, N...

Draper, J. W.

Eccleston, J.

Ellis, G....

Emerson, R. W.

Emerson, R. W.

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Lectures on Oratory and Rhetoric.

Queen's English.

Poetry of the East.

Norse Mythology.

Old English Period.

Hand-Book of English Literature.
English Constitution.

Myths of the Middle Ages.

Philosophy of English Literature. Essays in Biography and Criticism. .. Lessons from My Masters. ... Chaucer's England.

...History of Civilization in England.
History of his own Time.

Unbelief in the Eighteenth Century.
Heroes and Hero-Worship.

Oliver Cromwell.

English of the Fourteenth Century.

Cyclopædia of English Literature.

Complete Works.

Christianity and Greek Philosophy.

Riches of Chaucer.

Relics of Literature.

. History of English Dramatic Poetry. Conscience.

. Ralph Waldo Emerson.

Mythology of the Aryan Nations.

.History of English Literature.

Elements of Rhetoric.

Amenities of Literature.

Curiosities of Literature.

History of Protestant Theology.

Shakespeare and His Times.

Intellectual Development of Europe.

English Antiquities.

Early English Metrical Romances.
English Traits.

Representative Men.

Chapters on Language.

Language and Languages.

Witness of History to Christ.

History of Provençal Poetry.

Yesterdays with Authors.

Myths and Myth-makers.

Grammar of the English Language.

History of Norman Conquest.

Old English History.

. History of England.

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Short Studies on Great Subjects.

.. The English Reformation.
Ancient Britons.

Modern Literature and Literary Men.

. Dramatic Mirror.

.. Gleanings of Past Years.

Juventus Mundi.

Out of the Past.

Social History of Great Britain.

Good English.

A Short History of the English People.

.History of Civilization in Europe.

.History of the English Revolution.

Discussions on Philosophy and Literature.
Constitutional History of England.

Furope during the Middle Ages.

Literature of Europe.

History of Ancient and Modern Philosophy.

Dramatic Literature of the Age of Elizabeth.

Early Literature of Great Britain.

History of Journalism in the United States.
History of England.

Selections from English Poets.

History of Rationalism.

Essays, Theological and Literary.

.Oliver Goldsmith.

Legends of the Monastic Orders.

Lives of Eminent English Poets.
Introduction to Ethics.

Christianity and Humanity.

Popular History of England.

Arts of the Middle Ages and Renaissance.

History of Materialism.

.... Science of English Verse.

English Language.

.England in the Eighteenth Century.

.History of European Morals.

Rationalism in Europe.

View of Deistical Writers.

Biographical History of Philosophy.

History of English Translations of the Bible.

Illustrations of British History.

Poets and Poetry of Europe.

Among My Books.
My Study Windows.

. Origin of Civilization.

Last of the Barons.
Essays.

History of England.

Progress of Ethical Philosophy.

Origin and History of the English Language

History of England.

Essays, Philosophical and Theological.

Literary Style.

Christianity and Positivism.

Intuitions of the Mind.

System of Logic.

History of Chivalry.

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Whewell, W.
Whipple, E. P.

Whipple, E. P..
White, J....
Whitney, W. D..

Whitney, W. D.

Wright, T

Elements of Morality.

Character and Characteristic Men. ... Literature of the Age of Elizabeth. .History of England.

.Language and the Study of Language.
Life and Growth of Language.

. England in the Middle Ages.

DEVELOPMENT

OF

ENGLISH LITERATURE AND LANGUAGE.

FORMATIVE PERIOD.

CHAPTER I.

FORMING OF THE PEOPLE.

The harvest gathered in the fields of the Past is to be brought home for the use of the Present.-Dr. Arnold.

History does not stand outside of nature, but in her very heart, so that the historian only grasps a people's character with true precision when he keeps in full view its geographical position, and the influences which its surroundings have wrought upon it.—Ritter.

Geographical.-We see, by reference to the map, that England-the land from which our language and many of our institutions are derived — is the largest of three countries comprising the island of Great Britain.' The remaining two are Wales and Scotland. These three, with Ireland, constitute the United Kingdom; and this, with its foreign possessions, the British Empire.

England, consisting chiefly of low plains and gentle hills, occupies the central and southern portion of the island; and Wales, mountainous and marshy, the western. Scotland is the northern division, storm-beaten by a hostile ocean; mountainous and sterile in the north, but abounding in fertile plains in the south.

Britain is separated from France by the English Channel, from Ireland by the Irish Sea, and from Germany by the North Sea, notorious for its wrecks.

1 Great Britain, because there is another land also called Britain,- the northwestern corner of Gaul; but this last is now commonly called Brittany. The two names, however, are really the same, and both are called in Latin Britannia.

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