It is necessary to limit the amount of air, for the reasons given before. From the consumer's point of view, it is not sufficient to see if the corks blow out well, nor whether the liquid foams over the mouth. These may be the result of air present. The great test must eventually be the palate, for consumers cannot analyse the waters they drink; but in so testing, it is necessary not to blame a water for being badly prepared when the fault may lie in leakage through the cork being left upwards, or perchance in the temperature of the water having risen owing to the heat of the room, or in the presence of cork-dust in the tumbler, or in excessive shaking, all of which tend to render the water flat and insipid. The appearance of a long-continued froth on the surface is also no criterion, for it may be caused by the use of some foam-producer, and these, from the author's experience, have but little, if any, effect in retaining carbonic acid. PART III. NOTES AND FORMULÆ. Artificial Carlsbad Salt. The following formula is proposed by the German Apothecaries' Society for insertion in the new edition of the Pharmacopoeia : A white, dry powder. A solution of 6 grams of the above mixture in a litre of distilled water yields a solution corresponding to the natural Carlsbad water. Comparative Value of Sulphate of Quinine and Sulphate of Cinchonidine. Dr. Bourru. (New York Med. Journ., from Bull. Gén. de Thérap.) The author has made careful clinical researches with reference to the extent to which the sulphate of cinchonidine may be substituted for the much more expensive sulphate of quinine in the treatment of malarial affections. He calls attention to the fact that, to act effectively, it should be given from five to seven hours before the time for the occurrence of the paroxysm; departure from this rule seems to interfere with the action of cinchonine more than with that of quinine, perhaps because the action of the former is less intense or less durable. The administration of cinchonidine is not followed by vertigo, tinnitus aurium, disturbances of vision, or any other inconvenient symptoms induced by quinine. A study of twenty-nine cases of malarial intermittent fever treated by the author with sulphate of cinchonidine, the dose varying from 8 decigrams (gr. xij.) to 1 gram, gives the following results:-Twentyfour out of the twenty-nine cases were completely cured. Three cases were not cured, but these resisted quinine also. Two of the cases of malarial intermittent fever were complicated with hepatic disturbances, and in these two the treatment was successful. The successful cases included eight which had previously been treated with quinine without yielding. Deodorizing Effect of Quinine upon Musk. (From Répertoire de Pharm.) A mixture of musk with rather more than three times its weight of sulphate of quinine gradually loses its odour. In pills made of such a mixture, with the addition of liquorice powder and mucilage of acacia, the odour of the musk is masked to such an extent that it is possible distinctly to discern the odour of the liquorice. Glycerole of Cinchona. F. Loos. (Amer. Journ. of Pharm., October, 1880.) Glyceroles of calisaya or red bark are recommended by the author in preference to the liquid extract and tinctures, as they are not liable to form any deposit on keeping, and represent more fully the virtues of the bark employed. As the process for making the glycerole of either Cinchona succirubra or Cinchona calisaya is exactly the same, one formula will suffice : B Cinchona Bark in moderately fine powder Glycerin 16 ounces. 3 fluid ounces. Mix the liquids, and macerate the cinchona for five days, then pack in a conical glass percolator and displace with a menstruum composed of two parts of alcohol and one of water. Collect first twelve ounces and set aside, then continue the percolation to exhaustion. Distil off the alcohol, or evaporate, until reduced to 4 ounces, and when cold mix with the first 12 ounces; allow to stand a few days and filter. Each fluid ounce represents an ounce of the bark. Dose, one teaspoonful. Aromatic Glycerole of Cinchona.-If it be desired to mask the intensely bitter taste of the above preparation, the author recommends an aromatic glycerole of cinchona, made by mixing equal volumes of glycerole of cinchona and aromatic glycerole of liquorice. The latter is made as follows: : |