For Honour travels in a strait so narrow,

Where one but goes abreast. Keep, then,
The Path; for Emulation hath a thousand Sons,
That one by one pursue.
If you give way,
Or hedge aside from the direct forthright,
Like to an entered tide they all rush by,
And leave you hindmost.

For Time is like a fashionable Host,

That slightly shakes his parting Guest by the hand;
And with his arms outstretched as he would fly,
Grasps in the Comer. Welcome ever smiles,
And Farewell goes out sighing.

THE PASSIONS AND EMOTIONS.

THEIR NATURAL AND APPROPRIATE EXPRESSION.

THE COUNTENANCE is the visible SEAT OF EXPRESSION, in which, as in a mirror, is reflected the spirit that animates the Speaker, and the feelings and workings of the Mind, that elicit a ready response in the hearts of those addressed. What we here propose, is briefly to notice the leading Passions, and how they may affect the countenance. He, whose earnestness is thus made apparent, will scarce fail to be impressive; and he who would persuade others, must show the strong conviction of his own truthfulness. Without these aids, the eloquence of even a Cicero or a Demosthenes would probably have lacked much of their charm and power. Minds are not of an uniform type, and the Orator addresses two classes, of which the least refined will be most swayed by impulse, while the judicious will not be carried away, but still fall back on their cooler judgment; but this is no argument why the Orator should not bring all his power to bear in aid of his efforts; and his wisdom

will be to avail himself of both, as may best serve his end. Among the Passions that chiefly affect the countenance are the following:

ATTENTION is grave and respectful, as indicating an earnest heed to the subject or matter under consideration. It imparts a thoughtful cast to the countenance. The eyes are commonly bent downwards, but occasionally raised with an inquiring glance towards the Speaker.

ADMIRATION is akin to wonder, and varies in kind and degree. It is called forth by any striking display of Talent, or whatever has an air of grandeur and novelty. When elicited by traits of exalted Worth, the achievements of moral and intellectual Greatness, or successful efforts of transcendant Genius, it blends the homage of the heart with a thrill of wonder and delight. When excited by Literary Works of superior excellence and deep research, the sentiment, though less vivid, is often more abiding. The eyes and countenance glow with pleasure, as expressive of the highest gratification.

ANGER. As this uneasy sensation arises from various causes, so, in different minds, it varies in degree. In a mild Nature it may be a transient spark; but in the individual of strong passions, and smarting under a sense of outrage and wrong, the revengeful feelings often burst forth, and rage with the fury of a volcano. The gathering storm is indicated by the lowering aspect, the contracted brow, and distorted countenance. To trace its fearful progress, and depict it raving when thus excited, is needless.

ACQUITTING. This is a frank and free exculpation from all blame. The aspect is kind and friendly, as indicating a generous blending of sympathy with approval.

AUTHORITY delivers its Mandates with dignity. It is invested with power, and will be obeyed. It exacts external homage, but by excess and abuse it becomes hateful and ridiculous; and in order to command and sustain true respect,

superior Worth is requisite; and in this case the aspect should be mild, but firm, and the demeanour majestic: Serenity is also a true exponent of Power.

BOASTING is egotistic, absurdly presuming, and self-glorifying. Vainly puffed up by an overweening confidence in its own self-sufficiency, it is, proportionately, externally arrogant and exacting.

BOUNTY rejoices in Acts of Beneficence. Its good will is frank and hearty, warm and friendly; and the open countenance wears a happy expression, beaming with kindness and generosity.

CHEERFULNESS imparts a pleasing and felicitous air to the countenance, inspired by its own Spirit, and is, according to the Poets, the Sunshine of the Soul. Its mirth sparkles with good humour, and the settled expression of the face indicates a contented and happy frame of Mind.

COMMENDATION is hearty praise, conveyed in animated expression; and its words of encouragement are uttered in the kindest tones.

COMPLAINT is the expression of Grief; of feelings painfully excited by some severe distress, mental or bodily. It may be quiet and sullen; it may be vociferous, and mingled with threatening; but is more commonly willing to receive sympathy than to vent itself in invective; and Grief, when it would excite compassion, employs the most moving tones.

DESPAIR is that bitterness of Soul which is felt only when the last ray of Hope has departed; it is then helpless in its utter abandonment, and seems sadly to anticipate the stroke of When the sting of a guilty Conscience is superadded, the Heart sinks into the gloom of sullen despondence. Eloquent only in the expression of its woe, the face presents a cheerless blank, overcast with terrors; the eye is troubled and downcast, and the aspect chill and wan. When arising from some great

and sudden calamity, it vents itself, like the shipwrecked, in groans and wailings, and the face bears the outward signs of distraction; but even in such cases it may be, and often is, both sullen and silent.

DELIGHT is the quick sense of joy; a thrill of pleasurable emotion, often from some cheering intelligence that nearly touches our interests, stirring the Heart and its feelings. The eyes sparkle, and the countenance brightens with Animation, so as often, by the force of Sympathy, to kindle its reflection on the beholder; for under such circumstances all faces are eloquent.

DENUNCIATION AND MENACE.-These have many degrees, proportioned to the offence and the sense of injury; and when Indignation vents itself with passionate vehemence, like a torrent it threatens to overwhelm its Object; and it may be well if it exhaust its Fury in angry breath. The Aspect is scornful, and the threat and the frown sternly indicate the lacerated feelings; which it might need an Angel to allay.

ENVY is a disquieted Spirit, that inwardly pines and frets at the merit and success of another. This most odious of Passions springs often from disappointed Rivalry, and, like a Viper in the bosom, is most hurtful to its Possessor, and an active selftormentor. It is embittered and filled with shame at its own demerits and failures, and can find no relief but in devising evil against its Object, putting stumbling-blocks in his way, and darkening his merits and good Fame; and if it fail in this, its vexation and torment are doubled.

GRATITUDE is an affectionate feeling, arising from a quick sense of kindness or benefits received. The heart overflows with love and respect for its Benefactor, whom it is anxious to please and requite. The eyes and countenance express the fondest regard, while the demeanour, earnest and submissive, shows the signs of its presence, which cannot be mistaken.

GRIEF, while it oppresses the Heart, and weighs upon the spirits, never fails to cloud the countenance. Its sources are, indeed, many; but its expression is one, when, as is mostly the case, it originates in mental rather than corporeal suffering; but, as we know, both are sometimes blended. In its excess, and unchecked, it may be said to verge on Despair, and may be known by the like signs, but in a milder form.

HOPE. The Poets have delighted to paint this sweetlysoothing emotion as an Angelic Power. Commonly, it is the lively expectation of coming good, of happiness near at hand; it therefore elevates the spirits, thrilling the Soul with a halcyon serenity, and the eyes and the face are irradiated with unwonted lustre. The aspect is smiling, with a tinge of wistful earnestness, and the head, with the whole frame, are buoyant and erect, as expressive of some newly imparted energy.

PERPLEXITY AND VEXATION.-These are closely allied, being a mingling of anxious doubt and apprehension, as of some impending evil, or as the result of disappointed hopes. The tone of the voice is querulous, and the gestures abrupt; while on the lowering countenance discontent and an unsettled state of mind are visibly depicted.

PERSUASION.-Guided by the end it has in view, this is ever earnest and insinuating. By the force of argument, or by winning and alluring arts, it works upon the hopes and fears of its Object, availing itself readily of all the means it can command, in order to compass its design, especially when it has to contend with Obstinacy.

RAILLERY is archly sportive, or pointedly Satirical, and may be harmless and amusing, when it has more of the honey than the gall; but when soured by Malice, Envy, or Vengeful Rancour, it takes the offensive form of keenest Irony and the bitterest Sarcasm, and always gives a corresponding sharpness and quickened expression to the eyes, the aspect, and tones of the voice.