-

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nicipal Socialism — Legal restrictions - Strength of Social

Democrats Their propaganda The Revisionists

Industrial progress — A political lesson

advantage

-

PAGES

The American's

75-105

CHAPTER IV

KARL MARX AND MODERN "SCIENTIFIC" SOCIALISM

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Marx's early years. Friendship with Engels Founds the

International-His philosophy of history-"Das Kapital"

- Its affected profundity - False idea of wealth - Doc-

trine of value-A self-contradiction - Does not apply to

land Contradicts experience - "Proofs " that prove

nothing - The modified formula - Important factors

neglected - A false distinction Cost of production—

The common denominator-What is "labor"? - Does

Marx recognize mental labor?- Marxians desert Marx -

"Surplus" value - Simply profit - Factors Marx neglects

-Superintendence - An impracticable principle - What

constitutes "exploiting"? — Other errors Chiefly an

agitator - Ignores the agrarian problem - The single tax

- Basis of Socialism ethical- Marx's real service- The

-

-

class struggle Marx's originality Adam Smith

---

Marxian Socialism dogmatic, not scientific

CHAPTER V

107-142

ANARCHY: THE SCHOOL OF PROUDHON AND KROPOTKIN

Property is rob-
bery Abolition of capital - His National Bank - Abo-
lition of government Abandonment of Utopias
Profoundly religious-Anarchy a goal - Bakunin "God
and the State" - His collectivism - Kropotkin - "Con-
quest of Bread "— Anarchistic communism - Economic
possibility of anarchy-"The sacred right of insurrec-

-

CONTENTS

BY WAY OF INTRODUCTION

Scope of the inquiry — Socialism a philosophy - Socialism
has no programme - A goal — Socialism not com-
munism—Not anarchy — Vagaries of socialists - Violence
unnecessary

PAGES

I-9

CHAPTER I

SOCIALISM IN THE TIME OF THE REFORMATION

First socialist groups — Not all Anabaptists socialists — Non-
resistance Peasants not socialistic Socialism in

Moravia Chiliasm

-

-

- First community at Austerlitz —
Prosperity - Organization — All things in common —
Intolerant spirit — Jacob Huter

Dissensions

munities extinguished
Wanted: a new man

-

Com-

· Difficulties of a programme

- Economic feasibility of Socialism

-Spiritual barrenness - Life more than wealth - Ne-

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cessity of leisure Is Socialism compatible with culture? 11-32

CHAPTER II

THE BEGINNINGS OF MODERN SOCIALISM IN FRANCE

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A philosophy of history-Slavery - Feudalism - Serfdom
Capitalism - The Revolution - Class struggles - Indi-
vidualism-A political delusion "Free" yet a slave—

A ballot but no bread - All should work - Pure individual-
ism impossible-Steps of social progress Laissez faire
— Rapid advance of capitalism-Effect on class forma-
tion-No escape for the poor-Competition and capital-

-

-

-

-

ism-Competition and the laborer- The worker and his
"freedom"-Value of the Union - Growth of the Trust
-Hypocrisy of capitalism - Capitalism necessary - Ob-
ject of Socialism - Liberty for all - The new privilege -
Saint-Simon-Opposes Revolution - His ideal— A cru-
cial test - Socialism and Democracy - Collectivism
Private property retained - The new Christianity - Fourier
His pathetic faith - Harmony - The Phalanx-Theory
of labor - Results expected The arts of living — Elimi-
nation of waste- - An object lesson — Private property
permitted — The Guise community-Fourier's influence
-Louis Blanc - His primary ideas -"Social workshops
- Pay of workers - An unsolved problem - Relation of
wealth to morals - Unfortunate experiments - Socialism
and politicians-Utopianism - Marriage-Jules Guèsde
- Jaurès.

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-

99

CHAPTER III

LASSALLE: THE FIRST STAGE OF GERMAN SOCIALISM

--

The two founders Contrasted characters - Lassalle and
Bismarck · Birth and training — Writings - The Hatz-
field case - Two great careers - Lassalle's work — "The
working-men's programme "An open letter " - The
Frankfort speech — The working-men's union Lassalle's
death- Character― A revolution demanded - "The iron
law of wages" — Ricardo's fallacy — An automatic regu-
lation-The "law" only a historical generalization —
Wants essential to progress Not an "iron" law, but
elastic Lassalle's oratory - His programme and Louis
Blanc's No real solution — Liebkneckt Bebel - His
atheism-Source of error - Socialism and marriage-
Governments roused — Bismarck's repressive measures —
His socialistic legislation - Results - State Socialism in
Germany: railways - Telegraphs and telephones - Mu-

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-

PAGES

33-71

-

-

-

nicipal Socialism — Legal restrictions - Strength of Social
Democrats Their propaganda The Revisionists
Industrial progress - A political lesson - The American's
advantage

PAGES

75-105

Marx's early years - Friendship with Engels - Founds the
International-His philosophy of history-"Das Kapital"
- Its affected profundity - False idea of wealth - Doc-
trine of value- A self-contradiction - Does not apply to
land Contradicts experience "Proofs" that prove
nothing - The modified formula — Important factors
neglected - A false distinction Cost of production ·

-

-

The common denominator-What is "labor"? - Does
Marx recognize mental labor?- Marxians desert Marx
"Surplus" value― Simply profit - Factors Marx neglects
- Superintendence - An impracticable principle - What
constitutes "exploiting"? — Other errors - Chiefly an
agitator Ignores the agrarian problem - The single tax
- Basis of Socialism ethical- Marx's real service - The

-

-

-

class struggle Marx's originality Adam Smith
Marxian Socialism dogmatic, not scientific

CHAPTER V

107-142

ANARCHY: THE SCHOOL OF PROUDHON AND KROPOTKIN

-

Proudhon's writings - Fundamental ideas — Property is rob-
bery - Abolition of capital — His National Bank — Abo-
lition of government Abandonment of Utopias
Profoundly religious - Anarchy a goal - Bakunin - "God
and the State" - His collectivism - Kropotkin - "Con-
quest of Bread ". - Anarchistic communism - Economic
possibility of anarchy-"The sacred right of insurrec-

-