tion and billeting acts, 234, 235; ad-
vice and course, 248; anxious for
troops, 279, 280; plots with Hills-
borough against liberty, 287, 288; to
be made lieutenant-governor of Vir-
ginia, 289, 295; course toward the
town-meeting, 290; duplicity, 295;
asks to have troops quartered in Bos-
ton, 309; absconds, 312; urges for-
feiture of Massachusetts charter, 314;
schemes and plans, 332; unmasked,
343; recalled, 349; last efforts, 349,
350; mean character, goes to Eng-
land, $51.

Bernstoff, Danish prime minister (1779,
1780), v. 351, 359.

Beverley, Robert, suppresses insurrec-
tion in Virginia, i. 466, 467.
Biart, Jesuit missionary among the Ca-
nibas in Maine, i. 20.

Biddle, Nicolas, United States navy
officer, v. 51; brave fight in the Ran-
dolph, 222.

Bienville, brother of Iberville, ii. 188,
190; in Mobile, 191; again in Louisi-
ana, 234-237; appealed to in Paris,
iii. 316.

Bikker of Amsterdam, i. 479.
Billerica, countryman from, tarred and

feathered in Boston, iv, 134; the
matter remembered afterward, 162.
Billeting troops in America, ii. 105,

239; resisted in New York, 236; and
in South Carolina, 236; a grievance,

Blair, Rev. James, commissary, secures
establishment of William and Mary
college, Virginia, ii. 18.

Blake, Joseph, leads colony to South
Carolina, i. 431.

Bland, Richard, prepares petition, etc.,
iii. 285; declines, in consequence of
age, going to congress (1775), iv. 254;
in Virginia convention, 415.
Bland, Theodore, in congress, debate on
revenue question, vi. 63; proposes
ordinance for forming new states,
81.

Blasphemy punished in Massachusetts,
i. 312.

Blathwayte, one of commissioners for
trade and plantations, ii. 73.
Bliss, Theodore, at the "Boston massa-
cre," iii. 374.

Block, Adriaen, explores along the coast
of North America, i. 189, 190; sails

through Hellgate, and ascends the
Connecticut river, 489.
Blommaert, Samuel, i. 498.
Bloody Brook, massacre at, by the In-
dians, i. 390.

Blouin, Daniel, agent of Illinois, iii. 447.
Board of trade and plantations (1696),
ii. 73, 74; wishes to reduce all the
colonies to dependence on the gov
ernment, 78, 79; monopoly of colo-
nial trade, SO; loses influence, 84, 85;
report on colonial commerce, 240;
plans a scheme for revenue, 246, 247;
its course produces trouble and con
fusion, 329; Halifax at its head, 340;
great meeting, 352; bill to restrain
paper currency, 367; scheme for con-
trolling America, 368; new powers,
370; Dinwiddie's report to, 373;
pushes its laws, 400, 410; merciless
to the Acadians, 434; on military
efforts in the colonies, 446; obtains
a permanent army, 448; advises
taxing America, 532; works through
the admiralty courts, 553; approves
Pratt's views, 557.

Charles Townshend first lord of
trade (1763), with increased power, iii.
30; Shelburneat the head of the board,
40; Hillsborough at the head, 54;
infamous order, 133; opposes coloni-
zation in Illinois, 231, 232.

Board of war, appointed at Washing-
ton's desire, John Adams at its head,
iv. 425; exccutive board of war, five
in number, v. 210.

Board of customs, established for Amer-
ica, iii. 251, 256.

Bolingbroke, Lord, secretary of state in
England, ii. 44, 45; character of,
199, 200.
Bollan, William, agent for Massachu-
setts, ii. 347, 356, 367; dismissed
because an Episcopalian, 553.
Bonvouloir, agent of France in America
(1775), iv. 360; conference with se-
cret committee in Philadelphia, 362;
reports to the French minister, 362,
363.

Book, the first printed in North Amer-
ica, i. 280.

Boone, Daniel, in Kentucky, adventures
of, iii. 355-357, 393; in 1773, iv. 84;
adventures in 1775, 195, 196; death
and character of, 196.
Boone, Thomas, governor of South Caro-
lina, iii. 55.
Boonesborough, Kentucky, iv. 195.
Boscawen, Admiral, ii. 419, 420, 440;

French ships captured by Howe, on
his order, 420; at Louisburg, 484, 485.

Bossuet, J. B., bishop of Meaux, ii.,
269; justifies slavery, v. 405.
Boston, Massachusetts, founded, i. 223,
224; equips privateers, 380; action
on the accession of William and
Mary, 599, 600; increases in pros-
perity and importance, ii. 264, 265;
resists impressment, 311; political
excitement in, 548; elects Otis to
the assembly, 549; roused by Otis,
560, 561; town-mecting (1763), iii.
34; spirit of, 77; feeling at the May
meeting (1765), 110; riot in, about
the stamp-act, 135-137; rejoices over
repeal of the act, 214; urges union,
217; the press in, 261, 262; town-
meeting, 264; riot (June 1768), 289,
290; commissioners of revenue with-
draw from, 290; town-meeting and
Governor Bernard, 290; report of
the crown officers, 291; instructions
to agents, 291, 292.

Denounced in England as insolent,
iii. 296; to be punished, 298, 301;
agrees not to import, 299; town-
meeting, 307, 308; action of, 308,
309; judicious course, 311;

two

regiments of troops land, 312; dis-
putes as to quartering, 313; strange
position for troops, 314; city to be
chastised, 321; character of (1768),
327-329; firm, 331; enforces non-
importation agreement, 359; "ap.
peal to the world," 360; troops in-
active, 361; troops supplied with
ammunition, 369; spirit of the peo-
ple, 370, 371; disputes with the sol-
diers, 371, 372; fifth of March,
"Boston massacre," 372-375; town-
meeting, 376; demands withdrawal
of troops, 376; council's advice and
Hutchinson's submission, 378; funer-
al of the victims, 378; instructions
to representatives, 379; town-meet-
ing's action, 447, 448; the tea must
go back, 450, 451; watch kept by
the people, 451-453; great public
meeting, 455; resolves that the tea
shall not be landed, 456; port bill,
debate in the house of commons, 471-
474; in the lords, 475.

Port bill, how received (1774), iv.
5, 6; town committees meet in, 6, 7;
the tea not to be paid for, 6; circu-
lar letter to the colonies, 7; firm and
watchful, 9; willing to suffer, 14;
blockade, 19; effects of this else-
where, 20; people to be fired on, if
Gage chooses, 20; trials to be in
England, 21; more troops arrive, 22,
23; the people firm, 23; town-meet-

ing, 24, 25; generous sympathy mani-
fested toward Boston, 28, 29; com-
mittee consult the towns, 45, 46;
town-meeting, 49; three counties meet
in convention, 52; sympathy of con-
gress, 71; grand endurance of, 95,
96; help received, 131, 132; be-
havior of English troops, 134; Bos-
ton and environs watched by Europe,
151; besieged by the Americans, 166;
British ofheers shut in, angry and
slanderous, 172; inhabitants allowed
to go out on Gage's pledge, which is
not kept, 172; skirmish near East
Boston, 193; affair on Grape Island,
193; hills around, 214; sufferings of
the inhabitants, 240; British troops
in, during the winter, 325; abandoned
in a hurry by Howe, 329, 330; joy in
the city, 330.

Convention of states held in (1780),
v. 446, 447; movements in (1785), vi.
139; calls for increase of powers for
congress, etc., 139; state convention
in, on the federal convention, 397;
rejoicings over the ratification of the
constitution of the United States,
406.

Botetourt, Lord, governor of Virginia,
iii. 298; arrives, good impressions,
321, 322; promises as to the repeal
of the revenue act, 363; death, 392.
Boudinot, Elias, sends Washington's cir-
cular letter to American ministers
abroad (1783), vi. 97; address to
Washington, 102, 103; in the first
congress (1789), 468.

Boulter, primate of the Irish church, ii.
265.

Boundaries of the United States (1782),

question of, v. 325, 547, 553; dis-
cussed by the peace commissioners,
574, 575; how settled, 576-578.
Bouquet, Colonel Henry, march against
the Indians and success (1763), iii. 48,
49; expedition among Indians on the
Ohio, 87, 88.

Bourdonnais, La, schemes of, ii. 302.
Bowdoin, James, in the council of Mas-
sachusetts, iii. 432, 435; letter to, from
Franklin, iv. 130; president of the
legislative council, 242; governor of
Massachusetts, vi. 139; recommends
the federal convention, 139; reply to
objections of Gerry, etc., 146, 147;
wise and humane course, 200, 201; in
the state convention on the federal
constitution, 396; supports the con-
stitution, 401, 404.

Bowler, M., speaker of Rhode Island
assembly, iv. 6.

Boyle, Robert, i. 376.

Brackett, Anne, her brave exploit, i.
394.

Braddock, Edward, sent to America as
general-in-chief, ii. 412; arrives with
troops, 416; recommends parliamen-
tary taxation, 416, 417; plans against
the French in the Ohio valley, 419,
420; slow advance, 420, 421; defeat
and death, 422-424.
Bradford, William, governor of Plym-
outh colony, i. 210, 211; welcomes
Winthrop, 244, 245.

Bradstreet, Colonel John, provisions
Oswego, New York, ii. 452; captures
and razes Fort Frontenac, 491; expe-
dition and treaty with the Indians, iii.
85.

Bradstreet, Simon, sent by Massachu-
setts to England, i. 370; on the king's
prerogative, 379; governor of Massa-
chusetts, 599.

Braintree, Massachusetts, town of, on
the courts of admiralty, iii. 147.
Brandywine, battle of the, defeat of the
Americans, v. 177-179.

Brant, Joseph, Mohawk chief, in Eng-
land, promises help against Ameri-
cans, iv. 328; ready for war, v. 142,
143; with the Mohawks, 156.
Brattleborough, Vermont, ii. 223.
Bray, Rev. Thomas, commissary of the
bishop of London, zeal for the church
of England in America, ii. 21, 22.
Brearly, D., of New Jersey, in the fed-
eral convention, vi. 227, 333; on the
committee of eleven, 334.
Brebeuf, Jesuit missionary, ii. 139; mar-
tyrdom, 146.

Breed's Hill, near Boston, Massachusetts,

iv. 214; occupied by Prescott, 215;
the seventeenth of June 1775 very hot,
217; state of the defences, 218, 221;
how the battle was fought, 221–228;
number of men in the engagement,
223; first attack by the enemy, 223;
attack on the redoubt, 224; how re-
ceived, 224; British recoil at the rail
fence, 225; second attack on the re-
doubt by Pigot, 225; driven back,
226; terrible scene, 226; third attack,
227; powder gives out and Prescott
retreats, 227, 228; great loss of the
British, 229; American loss, 229, 230;
British and American opinions on the
battle, 231.

Bressani, Jesuit missionary, sufferings
of, ii. 143.

Breton, Cape. See Cape Breton.
Breukelen ferry, i. 518.
Brevard, Ephraim, iv. 197.

Brewer, of Waltham, proposes expedi-
tion against Quebec, iv. 173, 174.
Brewster, William, of Scrooby, i. 194;
ruling elder of Puritans who go to
Holland, 199.

Breymann, Colonel, goes to Baum's help,
v. 171; retreats, 172.
Brickett and Bridge at Bunker Hill, iv.
217.

Broglie, Count de, in favor of United
States against England, v. 20, 21; in-
timates a willingness to go to Ameri-
ca on certain conditions, 126.
Bromfield, murders Ledyard, v. 507.
Brooke, Lord, i. 258, 264.
Brookfield, Massachusetts, burned, i.
389.

Brooklyn, Connecticut (1774), iv. 28.
Brooklyn, Long Island, New York, how
fortified (1776), v. 24; Howe's plan
of attack, 29; evacuated by order of
Washington, 36-38.

Brooks, John, of Reading, Massachu-
setts, leads the minute-men at Con-
cord, iv. 162; at Bunker Hill, 219;
colonel, at White Plains, New York,
v. 74; with General Gates, 188, 189;
in the state convention on the federal
constitution, vi, 396, 399.

Broom, Jacob, of Delaware, in the fed-
eral convention, vi. 326, 327.
Broughton, of Marblehead, Massachu-
setts, cruises against British vessels,
iv. 250.
Brown, John, of Pittsfield, Massachu-
setts, letter to S. Adams and Warren,
iv. 143; major, goes to ascertain the
state of Canada, 291; excellent offi-
cer, 295; at capture of Fort Chambly,
296; at taking of Quebec, 305; ex-
ploits of, v. 182, 183.

Browne, John and Samuel, church of
England men, i. 228; for using the
liturgy in Massachusetts, shipped back
to England as "factious," etc., 228,
229.
Browne, Robert, founder of the Inde-
pendents, i. 187, 188.
Brownists. See Independents.
Brunswick, Maine, burned, ii. 219.
Brunswick, duke of, negotiation with,
for troops to serve in America, iv.
350; character of Ferdinand, 350,
351; terms of agreement, 351; num-
ber furnished, 351, 352; miserable
career of the duke, 352.
Bryan, George, v. 412, 413.
Bucke, chaplain of the Somer Islands,
i. 101.
Buckingham, duke of, obtains grant of
country on the Amazon, i. 219; prof-

ligacy of, 381; a "noble buffoon."

591.

Buckminster, William, at Bunker Hill,
iv. 221.

Buford, Colonel, in South Carolina, v.
378; defeated by Tarleton, and men
massacred, 378.

Bull, Henry, governor of Rhode Island
(1689), i. 600.

Bullitt, Thomas, brave Virginian, ii. 494.
Bullock, Archibald, governor of Geor-
gia, iv. 392.

Bunker Hill, iv. 214; British design to
fortify, anticipated, 214; Putnam
wishes to raise intrenchments on, 217,
218; the battle under Prescott fought
on Breed's Hill, 218-230.
Burgesses, house of, Virginia, meet with
governor and council in the first colo-

nial assembly, i. 112; Washington
elected a member, ii. 497. See Vir-
ginia.
Burgoyne, John, major-general, with
Howe, character of, iv. 129; arrives
in Boston, 193, 204; remark on the
battle of Bunker Hill, 226; in Que-
bec, 380; helps to plan northern
campaign, v. 143; promises, 147; at
Quebec, supersedes Carleton, 157,
158; is to form junction with Howe,
158; address to the Indians, 158,
159; proclamation at Crown Point,
159, 160; moves against Ticonderoga,
160; fort taken, 160, 161; at White-
hall, 163; mistakes his way, 163, 164;
on Indian enormity, 164; reaches the
Hudson river, 170, 171; sends an
expedition against Bennington, Ver-
mont, 171; difficulties of, increase,
173; crosses the IIudson, number of
troops, 182; advance movements,
183; bad condition of affairs, 185,
186; attacked by the Americans, 188,
189; retreats, 189; is surrounded,
190; terms of surrender, 190, 191;
mean behavior, goes to England, 222;
effect of his surrender on France, 244.
Burke, Edmund, on English cruelty to
the Acadians, ii. 434; agrees with
the board of trade, 530; with Rock-
ingham, iii. 130, 131; holds to the
supremacy of parliament, 185; first
speech, 187; argument and speeches,
195; speech in house of commons,
205; on the act of navigation, 212;
course on taxing America, 243; in
the house, 252; some grumbling of,
260; attack on Lord Camden, 323;
on American traitors, 333; sarcasm
on the troops in Boston, 378; attacks
Hillsborough, 385; on the Boston

port bill, 472; oration on taxing
America, 478, 479; relation to the
aristocracy, 479; in parliament from
Bristol (1775), iv. 91; agent of New
York, 108; talks with Franklin, 138;
plan of conciliation, 140; speech,
140-142; plan rejected, 142; bill
to remove taxation of America, 287;
praises Montgomery, 309; thinks
colonies unable to resist the power of
England, 341; in parliament (1776),
v. 53-55; on the war against the
colonies, 144; denounces using the
red men, 159; urges making peace
(1778), 224; supports motion for
stopping the war against the United
States (1782), 530; letter to Frank-
lin, 530; position and claims, 534;
views of, 545, 546; liberal opinion
toward Americans, vi. 43.

Burke, William, on balance of power in
America (1760), ii. 525.

Burnet, William, governor of New York,
ii. 221, 253; active on the frontiers,
221, 222; course of, as governor, 253;
transferred to Massachusetts, 253.
Burr, Aaron, at nineteen, in the Canada
expedition, iv. 298; brave in the

fight, 306; in New York, v. 45; in
New York politics, vi. 467.
Burroughs, George, executed for witch-
craft, ii. 63.

Bushe, "Case of Great Britain and
America," iii. 363; attacks Gren-
ville, 363.

Bushy Run, battle at, iii. 49.
Bussy, minister to London, ii. 538-540.
Bute, Earl of, ii. 456-458; congratu-

lates Pitt, 472; in the cabinet, 535;
secretary of state, 536; prime minis-
ter (1762), 556; resigns, iii. 36; re-
treats to the country, 53, 56; asked
to aid Bedford and Grenville, 201.
Butler, Colonel John, his rangers and
Six Nations warriors, v. 167, 168;
slaughter of the whites at Wyoming,
Pennsylvania, 279, 280.

Butler, Pierce, of South Carolina, in the
federal convention, supports the Vir-
ginia plan, vi. 215, 222; on represen-
tation, 257; on fugitive slave law, 309,
310; United States senator, 467.
Butler, Colonel Zebulon, killed at the
Wyoming Valley massacre, v. 280.
Buttrick, Major John, at the battle of
Concord (1775), iv. 161, 162.
Buzzard's Bay, Gosnold's Hope, i. 80.
Byllinge, Edward, i. 546, 547; his
claims resisted, 551.
Byron, Admiral, succeeds Lord Howe,
v. 286; in the West Indies, 372.

C.

"Cabal" of Conway, Gates, and Mifflin,
v. 210, 211.

Cabot, John, discovers continent of
America, i. 10.

Cabot, Sebastian, scarches for north-
west passage to Cathay, i. 11, 12;
enters the service of Spain, 13; in
England again as grand pilot, 61;
scheme of search for north-east pas-
sage, 62; death of, 62.
Cabrillo, expedition of, i. 37.
Caciques, in Carolina, i. 418, 419.
Cadillac, La Motte, governor of Macki-
naw, ii. 183, 186; governor of Lou-
isiana, partner of Crozat, 226.
Cadwalader, General J., v. 79, 95;
crosses into New Jersey, 101, 102;
stands by Washington, 274.
Caen, William and Emeric, in Canada,
ii. 137.

Cahnewaga Indians, ii. 95.

Calendar, according to the New Style,
ii, 367.

California, discovered by Alarcon, i. 33;
Drake in, 66.

Calloway, Richard, iv. 195.

Calvert, Cecil. See Baltimore, second
lord.

Calvert, Cecilius, secretary of Maryland,
on taxing the colonies, ii. 532.
Calvert, Charles, eldest son of Cecil, i.
438; rule of, in Maryland, 439. See
Baltimore, third lord.
Calvert, Sir George, i. 155. Sce Balti-
more, first lord.

Calvert, Leonard, brother of Cecil, i.
159.

Calvert, Philip, proprietary's deputy, i.
437.

Calvin, John, influence and tenets of, i.
177, 180; Calvinism in Massachu-
setts, 610, 611; in Connecticut, 610,
611; influence on the red and the
black man, 612; in New England, ii.
405-407.

Cambridge, Massachusetts, provincial
congress meets in, iv. 78; Washing-
ton's headquarters in, 250.
Camden, South Carolina, v. 378, 381;
battle of, Gates defeated, 385-389;
British loss heavy, 389; occupied by
the Americans, 500.

Camden, Lord (Charles Pratt), views on
taxation, iii. 188, 189; argument on
taxation and representation, 209;
lord chancellor, 225; holds New
York delinquent, 246; advises to
punish Boston severely, 301; dis-
missed by the king, 366; opposes

Boston port bill, 475; speech in the
house of lords, iv. 93; supports Chat-
ham, 104; speech for the Americans,
137; in the cabinet (1782), v. 534.
Campaign, American, 1778, closed be-
fore autumn, v. 290; of 1779, de-
fensive, 317; of 1781, scanty provis-
ion for, 458; arranged by Washing-
ton with the French, 508, 509.
Campaign, British, 1776, mostly a fail-
ure, v. 109; of 1777, preparation
for, 140-142; plan of northern cam-
paign, 143; of 1778, Germain's plan
for, 366.

Campbell, Arthur and John, in south-
west Virginia, iv. 100.
Campbell, Donald, with Montgomery, at
Quebec, iv. 306.

Campbell, Lord Neill, governor of New
Jersey for brief space, i. 580, 581.
Campbell, Colonel William, v. 895; at
Watauga, joins Shelby, 397; in the
battle at King's Mountain, 398-400;
General Greene calls on, for troops,
489; joins Greene at Guilford Court-
House, 491; at Hobkirk Hill, 498;
at Eutaw Springs, 503.
Campbell, Lord William, governor of
South Carolina, iv. 181; self-willed
and heady, 255, 256; eager to subdue
the province, 382; urges attack on
Charleston, 397; on board ship dur-
ing the attack, 404; badly wounded,
409.

Campbell, William, of Virginia, at Point
Pleasant, iv. 86, 87; with his rifle

company, 318.

Canada, or New France, early settle-
ments, i. 14-21; the One Hundred As-
sociates, ii. 137; extent of dominion
claimed, 137; Jesuit and other Roman
Catholic missionaries in, 138-140;
progress of the missions, 141, 142;
outposts on the Kennebec and Lake
Huron, 144; unequal struggle, 144,
145; New France a royal province, 149;
feeble condition, 149, 175; New Eng-
land and New York attempt conquest
of (1690), 180; failure, 181; boun-
daries by peace of Ryswick, 185; dis-
pute as to boundaries by treaty of
Utrecht, 217, 221; conquest and res-
toration, 220; sufferings of the peo-
ple, 483; exhausted, 492; poorly sup-
plied, under arms, 580, 582; con-
quered by the English, 511, 512; ca-
pitulates, 523, 524; views as to retain-
ing, 524, 525; Franklin's opinion,
526, 527; William Pitt holds on to
it, 528.

As a province of England, iii. 86;