An Introduction to the Critical Study and Knowledge of the Holy Scriptures - Thomas Hartwell Horne - Google Cărți

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SECTION II. On the Manuscripts of the Greek Scriptures.

§ 1. General Observations on Greek Manuscripts.

I. On what materials written.-II. Form of letters. III. Abbreviations. -IV. Co-

dices Palimpsesti or Rescripti. —V. Account of the different families, recensions,

or editions of manuscripts of the New Testament. 1. The system of Dr. Griesbach

and Michaelis. -2. Of M. Matthæi. -3. Of Mr. Nolan. 4. Of Prof. Hug. -

5. Of Prof. Scholz.-VI. On the Fœdus cum Græcis, or coincidence between

many Greek manuscripts and the Vulgate Latin Version.

§ 2. Account of Greek Manuscripts containing the Old and New Testaments.

I. The Alexandrian Manuscript. II. The Vatican Manuscript.

§3. Account of Manuscripts (entire or in part) containing the Septuagint or Greek Version

of the Old Testament.

I. The Codex Cottonianus.-II. The Codex Sarravianus. -III. The Codex Col-

bertinus.-IV. The Codex Cæsareus, Argenteus, or Argenteo-Purpureus.-V. The

Codex Ambrosianus.-VI. The Codex Coislinianus. -VII. The Codex Basilio-

Vaticanus. — VIII. The Codex Turicensis.

§ 4. Account of the principal Manuscripts containing the New Testament entire or in part.

I. The Codex Cottonianus (Titus C. XV.)-II. The Codex Bezæ, or Cantabrigien-

sis. - III. The Codex Ephremi. - IV. The Codex Claromontanus. — V. The

Codex Argenteus. VI. The Codex Rescriptus of St. Matthew's Gospel in Trinity

College, Dublin. -VII. The Codex Laudianus 3. - VIII. The Codex Boerneri-

IX. The Codex Cyprius. — X. The Codex Basileensis E. — XI. The Co-

dex San-Germanensis. —XII. The Codex Augiensis. — XIII. The Codex Harlei-

anus, 5598.-XIV. The Codex Regius or Stephani 7. — XV. The Codex Uffen-

bachianus.-XVI. The Codices Manners-Suttoniani. XVII. The Codices Mos-

-XVIII. The Codex Brixiensis,-XIX. Other MSS. written in small

characters and deserving of especial notice, viz. 1. The Codex Basileensis, 1. —

2. The Codex Corsendoncensis. 3. The Codex Montfortianus. 4. The Codex

Regius, 50.- 5. The Codex Leicestrensis. -6. The Codex Vindobonensis.

7. The Codex Ebnerianus, · XX. Notice of the Collations of the Barberini and

Velesian Manuscripts.

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CHAPTER III. On the Editions of the Old and New Testament.

SECTION I. A Critical Notice of the principal Editions of the Hebrew

SECTION II. A Critical Notice of the principal Editions of the Greek

CHAPTER IV. On the Divisions and Marks of Distinction occurring

in Manuscripts and Printed Editions of the Scriptures.

SECTION I. On the Divisions and Marks of Distinction occurring in

the Old Testament.

I. Different Appellations given to the Scriptures. — II. General Divisions of the

Canonical Books.-III. Particularly of the Old Testament. —1. The Law.

2. The Prophets.-3. The Cetubim or Hagiographa.- IV. Account of the Ma-

sora.-V. Modern Divisions of the Books of the Old Testament.

SECTION II. On the Divisions and Marks of Distinction occurring in

the New Testament.

1. Antient divisions of Trλot and Kepaλaia.— Ammonian, Eusebian, and Euthalian

sections. Modern divisions of chapters.—II. Account of the antient and modern

punctuation of the New Testament. - Antient Tixoi and modern verses.

the titles to each book. IV. Subscriptions to the different books.

CHAPTER V. On the Antient Versions of the Scriptures. Page 156

SECTION I. Antient Versions of the Old Testament.

§ 1. Of the Targums, or Chaldee Paraphrases.

I. Targum of Onkelos;-II. Of the Pseudo-Jonathan ;-III. The Jerusalem

Targum; - IV. The Targum of Jonathan Ben Uzziel ; — V. The Targum on the

Hagiographa; -VI. The Targum on the Megilloth; VII. VIII. IX. Three

Targums on the Book of Esther; X. Real value of the different Targums. 158

§ 2. On the Antient Greek Versions of the Old Testament.

I. History of the Septuagint; - II. Critical Account of its Execution; - III. What

Manuscripts were used by its Authors; - IV. Account of the Biblical Labours of

Origen ;- V. Notice of the Recensions or Editions of Eusebius and Pamphilus,

of Lucian, and of Hesychius ;-VI. Peculiar Importance of the Septuagint Version

in the Criticism and Interpretation of the New Testament; — VII. Bibliographical

Notice of the principal Printed Editions of the Septuagint Version ; — VIII. Ac-

count of other Greek Versions of the Old Testament; -1. Version of AQUILA;

2. Of THEODOTION;-3. Of SYMMACHUS ; - 4, 5, 6. Anonymous Versions;

IX. References in Antient Manuscripts to other Versions.

§ 3. On the Antient Oriental Versions of the Old Testament.

I. Syriac Versions. — Notice of the Syriac Manuscripts brought from India by the late

Rev. Dr. Buchanan ;- Editions of the Syriac Version;-II. Arabic Versions,

and Editions ;-III. Other Oriental Versions ;-1. Persian Versions.-2. Egyptian

Versions.-3. Ethiopic or Abyssinian Version, 4. Armenian Version.-5. Scla-

vonic or Old Russian Version.

§ 4. On the Antient Latin Versions of the Scriptures.

I. Of the Old Italic, or Ante-Hieronymian Version; — II. Account of the Biblical

Labours and Latin Version of Jerome; - III. Of the Vulgate Version, and its

- IV. Critical Value of the Latin Vulgate Version.

SECTION II. On the Antient Versions of the New Testament.

I. ORIENTAL VERSIONS. 1. Peschito or Antient Syriac Version. - 2. The Philox-

enian Syriac Version. 3. The Syriac translation of Jerusalem. 4. Egyptian

- 5. Arabic Versions.

7. Armenian Version.

-8. Persian Version. II. WESTERN TRANSLATIONS.-1. The Gothic Version.

-2. The Sclavonic Version. 3. The Anglo-Saxon Version.

SECTION III. On the Use and Application of Antient Versions.

Observations on the respective Merits of the several Antient Versions:

consulting them to the best advantage.

CHAPTER VI. On the Modern Versions of the Scriptures.

SECTION I. General Observations on the Circulation of the Scriptures.

I. Scarcity and high prices of the Scriptures. II. Rude attempts to convey an idea

of their contents to the poor and illiterate. Account of the BIBLIA PAUPERUM.

III. Number and classification of the translations of the Bible into modern lan-

SECTION II. On the modern Latin Versions of the Old and New Testa-

I. Modern Latin Versions of the entire Bible, executed by persons in communion with

the church of Rome. 1. Of Pagninus. 2. Of Montanus. 3. Of Malvenda and

Cardinal Cajetan.-4. Of Houbigant. II. Modern Latin Versions of the whole

Bible executed by Protestants. - 1. Of Munster. -2. Of Leo Juda. - 3. Of

Castalio. 4. Of Junius and Tremellius. — 5. Of Schmidt. 6. Of Dathe. — 7.

Of Schott and Winzer. -III. Modern Revisions and Corrections of the Vulgate

Latin Version, by Catholics and Protestants. - IV. Modern Latin Versions of the

New Testament. 1. Of Erasmus.

modern Latin Versions of less note.

SECTION III. Versions in the modern Languages of Europe.

I. GERMAN VERSION of Luther. Notice of ten versions derived from it. - Notice

of other German Versions by Protestants, and by Roınan Catholics. — Jewish Ger-

man Versions. II. VERSIONS IN THE LANGUAGES SPOKEN IN THE BRITISH ISLES.-

1. English Versions, particularly Wickliffe's Bible. Tindal's Bible. Coverdale's

Bible.-Matthewe's Bible.-Cranmer's or the Great Bible.-Geneva Bible.-Eng-

lish Versions by Roman Catholics at Rheims and Douay.-King James's Bible, or

the Authorised Version now in use. — History of it. - Notice of its best editions.—

Its excellency vindicated against recent objectors. · Testimonies of eminent critics

to its fidelity and excellency. -2. Welsh Version. —3. Irish Version. — 4. Gaelic

Version. 5. Manks Version. - III. FRENCH VERSIONS. - IV. DUTCH Version.

V. ITALIAN VERSION. - VI. SPANISH VERSIONS. - VII. RUSSIAN VERSION.

VIII. CROAT VERSION. IX. BASQUE VERSION. X. HUNGARIAN VERSION.

XI. POLISH VERSION. XII. BOHEMIAN VERSION. XIII. ROMAIC or modern

GREEK VERSIONS. -XIV. XV. BULGARIAN and WALLACHIAN VERSIONS. .XVI.

ROMANESE VERSIONS.XVII. TURKISH VERSION. XVIII. PORTUGUESE VER-

SION.- - XIX. ALBANIAN VERSION. XX. MALTESE VERSION.

SECTION IV. Modern Versions in the Languages of Asia.

I. Hebrew. II. Chaldee. III. Versions in the Oriental Languages, either trans-

lated by the Baptist Missionaries at Serampore, or printed at the Mission Press.

1. ARABIC, and the languages derived from or bearing affinity to it. -2. SANSCRIT,

and the languages derived from or bearing affinity to it. 3. CHINESE, and the lan-

guages derived from or bearing affinity to it. IV. Other Asiatic Versions. -

1. Formosan. 2. Tartar. 3. Georgian. 4. Modern Armenian.

SECTION V. Modern Versions in the Languages of Africa and America.

I. AFRICAN VERSIONS. -1. Amharic and Tigré. 2. Bullom. 3. Susoo. II.

NORTH AMERICAN VERSIONS.-1. Virginian. 2. Delaware. 3. Indian Mas-

sachussets. 4. Mohawk. 5. Mohegan. 6. Esquimeaux. -7. Greenlandish.

8. Creolese. - III. SOUTH AMERICAN VERSIONS.

CHAPTER VII. On the Critical Use of the Jewish and Rabbinical

Writings, and the Works of profane Authors.

I. The Apocryphal Books of the Old Testament. - II. The Talmud.

Misna. 2. The Gemara. Jerusalem and Babylonish Talmuds.

Writings of Philo Judæus and Josephus. — Account of them. The Genuineness

of Josephus's Testimony to the Character of Jesus Christ proved. - IV. On the use

of the Writings of Profane Authors for the Elucidation of the Scriptures. 298

CHAPTER VIII. On the Various Readings occurring in the Old and

New Testaments.

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I. The Christian Faith not affected by Various Readings.-II. Nature of Various Read-

ings. Difference between them and mere errata. — III. Causes of Various Read-

ings: 1. The Negligence or Mistakes of Transcribers; - 2: Errors or Imperfec-

tions in the Manuscript copied ; — 3. Critical Conjecture; - 4. Wilful Corruptions

of a Manuscript from Party Motives. IV. Sources whence a true Reading is to be

determined: 1. Manuscripts; - 2. Antient Editions ; -3. Antient Versions; -

4. Parallel Passages; — 5. Quotations in the Writings of the Fathers; - 6. Criti-

cal Conjecture. —V. General rules for judging of Various Readings. —VI. Notice

of Writers who have treated on Various Readings.

CHAPTER IX. Of the Quotations from the Old Testament in the

New.Quotations in the New Testament from the Apocryphal

Writers and from profane Authors.

SECTION I. On the External Form of the Quotations from the Old Testa-

ment in the New.

QUOTATIONS FROM THE HEBREW SCRIPTURES IN THE NEW TESTAMENT. - I. Quota.

tions exactly agreeing with the Hebrew. - II. Quotations nearly agreeing with the

Hebrew. III. Quotations agreeing with the Hebrew in sense, but not in words.

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-IV. Quotations that give the general sense, but abridge or add to it. —V. Quo-

tations taken from several passages of Scripture. - VI. Quotations differing from

the Hebrew, but agreeing with the Septuagint. -VII. Quotations in which there

is reason to suspect a different reading in the Hebrew. VIII. Passages in which

the Hebrew seems to be corrupted. IX. Passages which are mere references or

SECTION II. On the Quotations from the Septuagint Version in the Greek

I. Quotations agreeing verbatim with the Septuagint, or only changing the person,

number, &c. - II. Quotations taken from the Septuagint, but with some variation.

-III. Quotations agreeing with the Septuagint in sense, but not in words. — IV.

Quotations differing from the Septuagint, but agreeing exactly or nearly with the

Hebrew. - V. Quotations that differ from both the Septuagint and the Hebrew.—

VI. Considerations on the probable causes of the seeming discrepancies in the quo-

tations from the Old Testament in the New.

SECTION III. On the Internal Form of Quotations, or the Mode in which

Citations from the Old Testament are applied in the New.

General observations on the Rabbinical and other modes of quoting the Old Testament.

- Classification of the Quotations in the New Testament; - I. Quotations from the

Old Testament in the New, in which the predictions are literally accomplished ; —

II. Quotations, in which that is said to have been done, of which the Scriptures have

not spoken in a literal, but in a spiritual sense; - III. Quotations made by the

Sacred Writers in the way of illustration; - IV. Quotations and other Passages

from the Old Testament which are alluded to in the New.

SECTION IV. Of Apocryphal Passages, supposed to be quoted in the New

Testament Quotations from profane Authors.

CHAPTER X. On the Poetry of the Hebrews.

I. A large portion of the Old Testament proved to be poetical; - Cultivation of

Poetry by the Hebrews. — II. The Sententious Parallelism, the grand characteristic

of Hebrew Poetry. Its origin and varieties. — 1. Parallel Lines Gradational.

-2. Parallel Lines Antithetic; -3. Parallel Lines Constructive; - 4. Parallel

Lines Introverted. - III. The Poetical Dialect not confined to the Old Testa-

ment. Reasons for expecting to find it in the New Testament. -Proofs of the

existence of the Poetical Dialect there; -1. From simple and direct Quotations of

single passages from the Poetical Parts of the Old Testament; 2. From Quota-

tions of different Passages, combined into one connected whole; 3. And from

Quotations mingled with original matter. — IV. Original Parallelisms occurring in

the New Testament: 1. Parallel Couplets; -2. Parallel Triplets; 3. Qua

trains;-4, 5. Stanzas of five and six lines; -6. Stanzas of more than six parallel

lines.-V. Other examples of the Poetical Parallelism in the New Testament;

1. Parallel Lines Gradational; -2. The Epanodos. - VI. Different kinds of

Hebrew Poetry.-1. Prophetic Poetry; 2. Elegiac Poetry; -3. Didactic

Poetry; 4. Lyric Poetry; 5. The Idyl;

6. Dramatic Poetry; -7. Acros-

tic or Alphabetical Poetry. VII. General Observations for better understanding

the compositions of the Sacred Poets.

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CHAPTER XI. On Harmonies of Scripture.

I. Occasion and design of Harmonies of the Scriptures. — II. Works reconciling

alleged or seeming Contradictions in the Sacred Writings. III. Harmonies of the

Old Testament. IV. Harmonies of the Four Gospels. — V. 1. Harmonies of par-

ticular parts of the Gospels. 2. Harmonies of the Acts of the Apostles and of the

Apostolical Epistles. VI. Observations on the different Schemes of Harmonisers,

and on the Duration of the Public Ministry of Jesus Christ.

ON THE INTERPRETATION OF SCRIPTURE.

CHAPTER I. On the Sense of Scripture.

I. Of the Literal Sense. — II. Allegorical Sense. — III. Typical or Spiritual Sense.

-IV. Parabolic Sense. - V. Examination and vindication of the Spiritual Sense.

VI. General rules for investigating the Sense of Scripture.

CHAPTER II. On the Signification of Words and Phrases.

I. General rules for investigating the meaning of Words.

III. Rules for the investigation of Emphases.

- II. On Emphatic Words.

CHAPTER III. On the Subsidiary Means for ascertaining the Sense

SECTION I. On the Cognate Languages.

SECTION II. On the Analogy of Scripture or Parallel Passages.

I. Nature of Parallel Passages. -II. Verbal Parallelisms. — III. Real Parallelisms.

-IV. Parallelisms of Members, or poetical parallelisms. — V. Rules for investi-

gating Parallel Passages. — Helps for the investigation of Parallel Passages. 523

SECTION III. Scholiasts and Glossographers.

I. Nature of Scholia. - II. And of Glossaries. - III. Rules for consulting them

to advantage in the interpretation of the Scriptures.

SECTION IV. Of the Subject Matter.

SECTION V. Of the Context.

I. The Context defined and illustrated. - II. Rules for investigating the Context. 542

SECTION VI. On Historical Circumstances.

Historical Circumstances defined. — I. Order. - II. Title. III. Author. - IV.

Date of the several books of Scripture. V. The Place where written. . VI.

Chronology. VII. Occasion on which they were written. VIII. Scope or de-

sign. IX. Analysis of each Book.-X. Biblical Antiquities, including 1. The

Political, Ecclesiastical, and Civil State; -2. Sacred and Profane History; — 3.

Geography; -4. Genealogies; 5. Natural History; and 6. Philosophical

Sects and Learning of the Jews and other Nations mentioned in the Scriptures. 548

SECTION VII. Of the Scope.

I. The Scope defined. - Importance of investigating the Scope of a book or passage of

Scripture. - II. Rules for investigating it.

SECTION VIII. Of the Analogy of Faith.

I. The Analogy of Faith defined and illustrated. - II. Its importance in studying

the Sacred Writings. — III. Rules for investigating the Analogy of Faith, 563

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