Senator STEWART. We will hear from you again on it?

Senator REYNOLDS. Yes.

Mr.HOUGHTELING. This is the case of a widow aged 69, who entered on January 12, 1932, and was admitted temporarily. She has three sons, a daughter, and two brothers residing in the United States. She is suffering from arteriosclerosis and myocarditis (paralysis and serious heart trouble), and on account of her age and illness it is inadvisable for her to travel any great distance, as it would involve danger to her life and health.

Senator REYNOLDS. Well, has she been unable to travel for the past 9 years?

Senator HOLMAN. Since the expiration of the 6 months?

Senator REYNOLDS. Since the expiration of the 6 months, and she is still living?

Mr. HOUGHTELING. She has had certain legal extensions of her time.

Senator REYNOLDS. She has had for 9 years, hasn't she?

Mr. HOUGHTELING. Extensions of her visa. It is not 9 years since 1932, according to my reckoning.

Senator REYNOLDS. Well, since 1932; how many years, about 7 years?

Mr. HOUGHTELING. About 7 years.

Senator HOLMAN. Fourteen times the term, isnt it?

Mr. HOUGHTELING. The original 6 months' term-if it was a 6 months' term-was subject-what was it, 14 times?

Senator STEWART. Fourteen.

Mr. HOUGHTELING. Was subject to reasonable renewals. People come over here and visit members of their family, and they are often allowed to stay as much as a year or 2 years, but are not allowed to take employment while they are here as visitors.

I could review this whole record, as to how the extentions were given, and the reports we have on the woman's health, and so forth. Senator REYNOLDS. Well, now

Senator HERRING. We can go into that later, in executive session, perhaps after we have finished with the hearings. I think we had better do that.

Mr. HOUGHTELING. I will be glad to provide the whole information. Mr. PATTEN. Mr. Paul Scharrenberg, the legislative representative of the American Federation of Labor I see has just entered the room and as his time in more valuable than mine, I would be delighted to yield to him.

Senator HERRING. We will recess very soon.

STATEMENT OF PAUL SCHARRENBERG, LEGISLATIVE REPRESENTATIVE OF THE AMERICAN FEDERATION OF LABOR, WASHINGTON, D. C.

Mr. SCHARRENBERG. My name is Paul Scharrenberg, legislative representative of the American Federation of Labor.

I have been directed to appear here and in general to state the views of the Federation on the pending immigration bills. The American Federation of Labor is and always has been opposed to compulsory fingerprinting. If anyone really desires to have his fingerprinting recorded that is different. There is no objection to voluntary fingerprinting.

The American Federation of Labor is heartily in favor of closing the gates for a period of years so as to set our house in order. It is very obvious to all of us, and I need not state it, that we have serious problems in our country with unemployment, and surely under such conditions we should not import any more potential unemployed from abroad.

Those are the two principal points I desire to make to you gentlemen in behalf of the Federation.

Senator HERRING. Do you care to say anything definitely about any one of the five bills? Do you favor all of the bills, or any one of them?

Mr. SCHARRENBERG. No; I have endeavored to state the general policy of the Federation on these bills, and I have tried to do that. Senator HERRING. You have done that. Thank you very much. (Witness excused.)

Senator HERRING. I think perhaps we had better recess until 2 o'clock now, because we all must be over there at 12.

Senator REYNOLDS. Yes. Mr. Chairman, I had a talk with Col. John Thomas Taylor, and he is desirous of having also appear a representative of the American Legion from Indianapolis, and also contemplated having some others to represent that fraternity. They have suggested to me that I suggest to this subcommittee that if it should not be inconvenient for you, that after this afternoon's session that you take a recess until next Monday, until they can get all their legislative spokesmen here from the different sections of the country. You realize I knew nothing of this hearing until day before yesterday.

I thought in the meantime Captain Trevor might have an opportunity to present to you the suggested redrafts of the bills you have suggested, and that you gentlemen might like an opportunity to give some thought to the matter.

Senator HERRING. Is Mr. Read Lewis here?

Senator REYNOLDS. He is here.

Senator HERRING. Well, I think we will be able to hear you at 2 o'clock, then. Is there anyone else in the room who wishes to appear?

Mr. TAYLOR. Taylor, from Orange, N. J.

Senator HERRING. Yes, sir; we will get you both at 2 o'clock, and take care of the witnesses who have said they want to appear. Senator REYNOLDS. And take a recess until Monday?

Senator HERRING. Until Monday.

We will recess until 2 o'clock.

(Whereupon, at 11:50 a. m., a recess was taken until 2 p. m.)

AFTER RECESS

(At the expiration of the recess the hearing was resumed.) Senator HERRING. The committee will please come to order.

STATEMENT OF MRS. MARGERY PAGE SCHAUFFLER, REPRESENTING THE AMERICAN FRIENDS SERVICE COMMITTEE

Senator HERRING. Mrs. Schauffler, whom do you represent? Mrs. SCHAUFFLER. I am a member of the American Friends Service Committee.

Senator HERRING. You are appearing in opposition to all five bills. Mr. SCHAUFFLER. Yes.

Senator HERRING. You might take them up in order.

Mrs. SCHAUFFLER. If I may, I would like to speak very briefly in opposition to all of them as a group.

Senator HERRING. Very well.

Mrs. SCHAUFFLER. We feel that this, as has been stated a number of times already, is a problem which should be examined from the point of view of the welfare of the American people. We feel that it is inimical to the interest of American welfare at this time that there should be any move right now to restrict our immigration regulations. We feel that the hostility that will result from such action at this time will be very undesirable, from the point of view of the international situation and the hostility toward the United States on the part of other nations. We feel that it is particularly important from the point of view of Central and South American nations, with whom we are particularly desirous of being on friendly terms at this time. We feel that an action of this sort, taken at this particular juncture of world affairs, when there is such widespread hostility in other countries, would be a cause for justifiable hostility on the part of these American nations.

Senator HOLMAN. You use the word "justifiable." Why would any nation be justified in feeling hostile toward us for minding our own business?

Mrs. SCHAUFFLER. The principle of the Quakers is well known in regard to their feeling that friendliness is an essential basis of human relations, and in the long run will result in more satisfactory conditions all around.

Senator HOLMAN. Why have any immigration restrictions at all? You would let them all in, would you not?

Mrs. SCHAUFFLER. No. Restrictions have to be imposed, in view of the existing situation, but we feel the existing restrictions are enough.

Senator HOLMAN. On the Pacific coast we have very great sympathy for the poor Chinese children and the men and women of China who are suffering so much. They are human beings, too. Let us bring them in.

Mrs. SCHAUFFLER. As I have said, I think we must have some restrictions, but we feel we do not need any more than we now have. Senator HOLMAN. Why not let all the world in?

Mrs. SCHAUFFLER. No. We do not favor relaxation of existing restrictions, but we do feel that there should be no further restrictions. I think we would like to take exceptions, in the light of the experience of our organization, to the implication that has been made that the State and the Labor Departments are leaning over in interpreting the existing resolutions favorably to the immigrants, more than is proper. In our experience, both departments are sticking very close to the spirit of the law and the regulations, very close to the spirit and the letter of the regulations as they stand. We have nothing but praise for their attitude, and it has been our duty to work with both departments quite closely in that respect. We feel that the regulations as they stand are perhaps not perfect, but are all that can be expected at the moment, and that the two departments are performing their duties admirably in their interpretation of these regulations.

That is all I have to say.

STATEMENT OF JOHN THOMAS TAYLOR, REPRESENTING THE AMERICAN LEGION

Senator HERRING. Mr. Taylor, you represent the American Legion?

Mr. TAYLOR. Yes.

Senator HERRING. You may proceed.

Mr. TAYLOR. Mr. Chairman and gentlemen of the committee, I want to say to begin with that it is very refreshing to come before a committee on this subject and find such deep interest displayed in this subject matter. I have been appearing before committees of both Houses on this question of immigration and naturalization for a number of years, and no committee has ever shown such a very deep interest in it as we have found here, and we appreciate it very much. I want you to know that.

I want to speak from the point of view of the American Legion, which is an organization of a million men, with an auxiliary of 500,000 women, and a very large proportion of the membership are aliens. A great many of these men served during the World War, and are now citizens of this country. So that what I have to say on this subject will express the views of those aliens themselves who participated in the action taken by our convention.

Senator HERRING. I remember when we were able to make a citizen out of an alien in about 2 weeks.

Mr. TAYLOR. I well remember when we made a citizen of an alien in less time than that. In the various camps they would raise their right hands and take an oath, and most of them thought that they became citizens, and a good many followed it up and did become citiIt was a very snappy method.

zens.

As is well known by the American public, one of the major activities of the American Legion is its Americanism program and, of course, included in that are items pertaining to immigration, naturalization and deportation.

We of the Legion feel it is a well-rounded program and that if all the items listed thereon should become the law of the land, this country of ours would be a better land in which to live. We have never had any quarrel with the alien who is legally admitted, who becomes a naturalized citizen and adjusts himself to the American way of living. We have only the deepest scorn for those aliens who abuse our hospitality, who hate our free institutions, whose love is not for America, but for some other land, and who would supplant this democratic government of ours with some dictatorial form of gov

ernment.

Our program is made up of two resolutions adopted at national conventions. These resolutions are not adopted in the heat of passion and prejudice, but only after mature consideration and deliberation. We hope that your committee will give careful and honest consideration to this program.

We are in favor of the bill for the fingerprinting and registration of aliens. Our convention in Los Angeles took note of the fact that an order came from Germany to register in the United States, through the German Embassy, all German citizens, and the German Embassy officials and German consuls throughout the country cooperated in that work. I do not know whether they completed it or not, but they did register many Germans and Austrians. So far as the American

Legion is concerned, we believe that Congress should take some action to procure for the United States Government a copy of all such registrations of those German aliens, and fingerprint records of all such registered aliens be placed in the registry in the various communities.

Senator HOLMAN. May I interrupt?

Mr. TAYLOR. Certainly.

Senator HOLMAN. Can you prepare the necessary resolution or enactment you would like to have passed?

Mr. TAYLOR. Oh, yes. We will be very glad to prepare them. We are for the total restriction of immigration for 10 years, and for the deportation of any alien who at any time shall be convicted of a felony, with the provision that admission to the United States be denied to the nationals of any country which refused to accept undesirables from this Nation. I was interested to listen to the colloguy this morning between Mr. HOUGHTELING and a member of the committee as to the reason why deportable aliens like Russians are not sent back, and at the same time other Russians are permitted to come into this country. We have this resolution that was adopted at Los Angeles which may be of interest to this committee:

Whereas certain officials of the Department of Labor have failed miserably in enforcement of the laws relative to immigration and deportation; and

Whereas said officials of the Department of Labor have consistently blocked the passage of new and much needed laws to regulate immigration and deportation; now Therefore be it

Resolved by the American Legion in national convention at Los Angeles demands, That the Congress of the United States investigate the failure of these officials to comply with the existing immigration laws and take such steps as may be necessary to correct this unwarranted failure of duty.

I should like to read into the record the program adopted at the Cleveland convention, and also a resolution adopted at Los Angeles which calls for the total restriction of immigration for a period of 10 years or, at least, until such time as we in this country can take up the slack and find jobs for the unemployed citizens of the United States:

1. The deportation of any alien who has been convicted of violation of any narcotic law of any State, Territory, insular possession, or the District of Columbia. 2. The deportation of any alien who has been convicted in the United States within 5 years of the institution of deportation proceedings against him of a crime involving moral turpitude or a felony.

3. The deportation of any alien who has knowingly encouraged, induced, assisted, or aided anyone to enter or try to enter the United States in violation of law.

4. That all persons entering the United States illegally shall upon apprehension be immediately deported.

5. That our border patrol of the Immigration Service be increased to the point that efficient service will reduce illegal alien entry.

6. That designated persons holding supervisory positions in the Immigration and Naturalization service be given power to issue warrants of arrest for persons believed to be subject to deportation.

7. The deportation of any alien who has been engaged in espionage for a foreign government.

8. The deportation of all aliens who are Anarchists or Communists, or aliens who are affiliated with any organization associated directly or indirectly with the Third Internationale; Provided, That no alien shall be deported who has prior to the passage of this act lived continuously in the United States for at least 10 years and has living in the United States a dependent spouse or dependent child who is a citizen of the United States and is of good character.

9. That the administration of all alien and immigration laws enacted by Congress strictly according to the provisions of said laws. We recognize, how