interest in the field of housing and other construction, including, initially, the following areas:

a. innovative techniques for the improvement of life, safety, reliability, quality, and economy of buildings and building materials including organization and management of construction, new methods and materials, and the improved use of traditional methods and materials;

b. performance criteria for housing and other construction in seismic areas with special consideration of the impact of geophysical conditions;

c. improvement of construction methods in areas of extreme climatic conditions, such as cold and arid regions, including techniques for erection and finishing of buildings under sustained freezing, and foundation construction under unusual soil conditions;

d. services to housing and other buildings, including water supply, waste disposal, heating, lighting, and ventilation, with special reference to combined utility functions; and

e. planning, design, and construction of new towns.

Other areas may be added by subsequent mutual agreement.

The Agreement provides that cooperation may take the form of information exchanges, joint conferences, meetings and seminars, joint research programs and projects, and other forms which may be mutually agreed upon.

The Agreement also establishes a U.S.-U.S.S.R. Joint Committee on Cooperation in Housing and Other Construction for purposes of implementation. The Joint Committee is to meet, as a rule, once a year alternately in the United States and the Soviet Union. The Committee's actions are to include approval of specific projects and programs of cooperation, designation of appropriate agencies to be responsible for carrying out cooperative activities, and making recommendations, as appropriate, to the parties. Each party is to designate an Executive Agent to be responsible for coordinating and carrying out the Agreement. During the period between Joint Committee meetings, the Executive Agents are to maintain contact with each other and are to coordinate and supervise the development and implementation of cooperative activities under the Agreement.

The Agreement is to remain in force for five years, and will be automatically extended for successive five-year periods unless either party gives six months' notice of its intent to terminate the Agreement. It is also provided that termination of the Agreement is not to affect the validity of implementing agreements concluded under the Agree

ment between interested agencies, organizations and firms of the two countries.

Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents, Vol. 10, No. 27, July 8, 1974, pp. 739-740; Dept. of State Bulletin, Vol. LXXI, No. 1831, July 29, 1974, p. 190.

U.S.-India

On October 28, 1974, the United States and India signed an Agreement to Establish a Joint Commission on Economic, Commercial, Scientific, Technological, Educational and Cultural Cooperation (TIAS 7947; 25 UST 2807; entered into force October 28, 1974). In the area of scientific and technological cooperation, the tasks of the Commission include the review and recommendation of plans for cooperation between the two countries and measures for their implementation. This encompasses inter alia, exchanges of specialists and information and the organization of bilateral seminars on problems of common interest. The Commission is also charged with the task of identifying common scientific and technological problems and formulating and recommending joint research programs which might lead to application of results in industry, agriculture, health, and other fields.

For the full text of the Agreement, see the Dept. of State Bulletin, Vol. LXXI, No. 1848, Nov. 25, 1974, pp. 746-747. See also, this Chapter, § 2, (infra, p. 643. and Ch. 10, § 3, supra, p. 522.

U.S.-Romania

On December 13, 1974, the United States and Romania signed a fiveyear Agreement on Cooperation and Exchanges in the Cultural, Educational, Scientific and Technological Fields, replacing the previous two-year accords at a lower level for programs in these fields. The Agreement entered into force on January 1, 1975, and expires December 31, 1979. It may be automatically extended for periods of five

years.

Under Article III of the Agreement, the parties are to encourage and develop exchanges and cooperation in the fields of science, technology and health. They are to facilitate, as appropriate, cooperative activities and direct contacts between organizations, institutions and specialists of the two countries. This is to include: a) joint research, development and implementation of programs and projects in basic and applied sciences, as well as exchanges of experience and research results; b) visits, study trips, and exchanges between scientists and specialists; c) organization of joint courses, conferences, seminars and symposia; d) organization of scientific and technical exhibits and

displays on a noncommercial basis; e) exchanges of scientific and technical documentation and information, including scientific and technical films; f) other forms of scientific and technical cooperation as may be mutually agreed upon.

The parties also agreed to a Program of Cooperation and Exchanges for the years 1975 and 1976 which details the activities to be conducted under the Agreement.

See Dept. of State Press Release, No. 547, Dec. 26, 1974. For the provisions on educational and cultural cooperation, see this Ch., § 2, infra, pp. 643–647. Art. II of the Program, on science, technology, and health, implements Art. III of the Agreement. Art. II provides:

Science, Technology and Health

1. In order to carry out the provisions of Article III of the above mentioned Agreement, the parties agree to take all appropriate measures to achieve the fulfillment of the following existing understandings and agreements:

a) The Memorandum of Understanding of September 21, 1973, between the National Science Foundation of the United States of America and the National Council for Science and Technology of the Socialist Republic of Romania;

b) The Memorandum of Understanding of September 20, 1971, between the Atomic Energy Commission of the United States of America and the State Committee for Nuclear Energy of the Socialist Republic of Romania, as extended by the note of the Socialist Republic of Romania dated March 27, 1973, and the letter of the Commission dated November 13, 1973;

c) The Memorandum of Understanding Regarding Scientific Cooperation of November 1, 1969, between the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America and the Academy of the Socialist Republic of Romania;

d) The Agreement for Exchanges of June 22, 1973, between the International Research and Exchanges Board (IREX) of the United States of America and the National Council for Science and Technology of the Socialist Republic of Romania, and the related Memorandum of Implementation of the Agreement for Exchanges of August 24, 1974:

e) The Memorandum of Understanding of November 1, 1971, on Transportation Research Cooperation between the Department of Transportation of the United States of America and the Ministry of Transportation and Telecommunications of the Socialist Republic of Romania ;

f) The understanding between the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare of the United States of America, and the Ministry of Health of the Socialist Republic of Romania, contained in the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare's letters of December 14, 1972, and January 15, 1974, and the Ministry of Health's letters of March 22, 1973, and January 29, 1974.

2. In connection with paragraph 1, f) above the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare and the Ministry of Health will provide for the exchange of specialists for professional visits (specialization and exchange of experience) totalling 24 man-months for each side annually.

a) Short term visits shall be considered as periods of at least 30 days, except in the case of groups, which may be for 2-3 weeks.

b) Long term visits shall be considered as periods of at least 60 days, and not to exceed 180 days.

The parties will also facilitate the exchange of medical publications, appropriate films and biological materials between the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare and the Ministry of Health. Details of the specific exchanges provided for under this paragraph, including necessary administrative arrangements, as well as any new exchanges in the field of health or changes in the man-months quota, shall be agreed upon directly between the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare and the Ministry of Health. The texts of the several Memoranda of Understanding and other agreements cited in Art. II of the Program may be found in Dept. of State File L/T.

Nuclear Science and Technology Information

On September 19, 1974, the United States and other European parties signed a Memorandum of Understanding on nuclear science and technology information (TIAS 7939; 25 UST 2613; entered into force September 19, 1974). The European parties are the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom), Belgium, the Federal Republic of Germany, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands. The agreement provides that the parties are to undertake to coordinate their efforts in the collection, evaluation, processing, and dissemination of nuclear documentation generated in their respective territories, or, in the case of Euratom, in the execution of its research and development program. This is to be done in a complete and timely manner. Each party is to scan all documentation originally published in its country (in the case of Euratom, documents published in the European Community with European Community funds, in whole or in part), select documents within the subject scope, prepare abstracts in English, index the documents in English using an agreed-upon thesaurus of keywords, and provide to the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission (in the case of the AEC, provide to the other parties) abstracts and indexes of the selected documentation, with appropriate bibliographic citations, and copies of all nonconventional documentations. The duration of the agreement is three years.

82

Educational and Cultural Affairs

International Expositions and Exhibitions

Public Law 93-287 (88 Stat. 143), approved by President Nixon on May 21, 1974, authorizes the Secretary of State or such officer as he may designate to conclude an agreement with the People's Republic of China for indemnification for any loss or damage to objects in the "Exhibition of the Archeological Finds of the People's Republic of China" while in the possession of the Government of the United States.

The Act preceded initiation of discussions at the U.S. Liaison Office in Peking with officials of the People's Republic of China to arrange for bringing the Chinese Archeological Exhibition to the United States. In reaching agreements on the Exhibition with our nations, the People's Republic has required each host government to agree to indemnification for any loss of or damage to objects in the Exhibition based on the valuation of the objects as set forth in the agreement.

The full text of P.L. 93-287 is as follows:

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the Secretary of State or such officer as he may designate is authorized to conclude an agreement with the Government of the People's Republic of China for indemnification of such Government, in accordance with the terms of the agreement, for any loss or damage suffered by objects in the exhibition of the archeological finds of the People's Republic of China from the time such objects are handed over in Toronto, Canada, to a representative of the Government of the United States to the time they are handed over in Peking, China, to a representative of the Government of the People's Republic of China.

See also Senate Rept. No. 93–780, 93d Cong., 2d Sess., Apr. 9, 1974.

Public Law 93-476 (88 Stat. 1444), approved by President Ford on October 26, 1974, provides for the indemnification of the Metropolitan Museum of New York for any loss or damage suffered by objects owned by it from the time they leave the museum for exhibition in the Soviet Union until they return to the museum. The full text of P.L. 93-476 is as follows:

Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the Secretary of State (or such officer of the Department of State as he may designate) is authorized to conclude an agreement with the Metropolitan Museum of Art, located in New York, New York, for indemnification of such museum, in accordance with the terms of such agreement, for loss or damage suffered by objects in an exhibition of such museum in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. pursuant to an agreement between such museum and the Ministry of Culture of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, which agreement was made in accordance with the general agreement on contracts, exchanges, and cooperation, signed July [sic] 19, 1973, by the United States and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. The agreement concluded by the Secretary of State shall provide for such indemnification—

(1) during the period the works of art are in transit from the premises of said museum, on exhibition in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, and returning to said premises; and

(2) only for substantial loss or damage as determined by the Secretary of State.

In the case of a claim for loss or damage with respect to an item or items which are covered under such agreement, the Secretary shall certify the validity of the claim and the amount of the loss to the Speaker of the House of Representatives and the President of the Senate. There are authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary to carry out an agreement concluded pursuant to this joint resolution.